all about community

1. Presented by
Suman Sultan
Presented to
Sir Shabbir Ahmad
course title
Community Organization and Development

2. Community-based interventions
address the individual, social and
environmental influences on behavior
making them consistent with ecological
models of health.

3.  Statement of the community problem/goal to
be addressed
 Specific behaviors of whom that need to
change
 Improvements in community-level outcomes
that should result

4.  Direct observation of the problem or goal
 Conducting behavioral surveys
 Interviewing key people in the community
 Reviewing archival or existing records

5.  Targets of change or prioritized groups
for whom behaviors or outcomes should
change
 Agents of change or those implementing
the intervention

6.  Personal contacts - Who will you speak with about
what?
 Interviews - What questions will you ask of whom
about the problem or goal and possible
interventions?
 Focus groups - From what groups will you seek
what kinds of information?
 Community forums - What public situations would
present an opportunity for you to discuss the
problem or goal, and how will you use the
opportunity?
 Concerns surveys - What questions of whom will
you ask about the problem or goal and potential
solutions?

7.  Those for whom the current situation is a problem. Who is affected
by the issue, problem, or goal?
 The negative (positive) consequences for those directly affected
and the broader community. What effect does the problem or issue
have on the lives of those affected?
 Personal and environmental factors to be influenced (i.e., people's
experience and history; knowledge and skills; barriers and
opportunities; social support and caring relationships; living
conditions that put them at risk for or protect them from
experiencing certain problems).
 The behavior or lack of behavior that causes or maintains the
problem. What behaviors of whom would need to change for the
problem (or goal) to be eliminated (addressed).

8.  A description of what success would look like. How will
the community or group be different if the intervention
is successful?
 Those goals the intervention is targeted to accomplish.
How will you know if your intervention is successful?
 The specific objectives the intervention will achieve.
What will change by how much and by when?


9.  Potential or promising “best practices” for your
situation (consider various available databases and
lists of “best” or evidence-based practices)
 How strong is the evidence that each potential “best
practice” caused the observed improvement?
(Rather than other associated conditions or
potential influences)
 Whether the “best practice” could achieve the
desired results in your community
 Whether the conditions (e.g., time, money, people,
technical assistance) that affect success for the
“best practice” are present

10.  Providing information and enhancing skills (e.g.,
conduct a public information campaign to educate
people about the problem or goal and how to address
it)
 Modifying access, barriers, exposures, and
opportunities (e.g., increase availability of affordable
childcare for those entering work force; reduce
exposures to stressors)
 Enhancing services and supports (e.g., increase the
number of centers that provide health care)
 Changing the consequences (e.g., provide incentives to
develop housing in low-income areas)
 Modifying policies and broader systems (e.g., change
business or public policies to address the goal)

12.  What specific change or aspect of the
intervention will occur?
 Who will carry it out?
 When the intervention will be
implemented or how long it will be
maintained?
 Resources (money and staff) needed/
available?
 Who should know what about this?

13.  Test the intervention and with whom
 Assess the quality of implementation of the intervention
 Assess results and consequences or side effects
 Collect and use feedback to adapt and improve the
intervention