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A Multi-Technique Approach for an Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Creosote Containment System at a Former New England Wood Treating Facility by T. Jordan, N. Misquitta, M. Brourman, and M Bollinger
Background Information Former Wood Treating Facility Operated from 1923 – 1982. Sandy fluvial deposits overlying glacial till and meta-sedimentary bedrock.
Facility Operations - 1931
Wood Treatment Operations
Site Conditions - 1997
Site Conditions - 2005
Remedies Sheetpile Barrier Wall System  - 1997 NAPL Recovery Wells and Sumps Installed 1997 – 2002. Transition from onsite groundwater treatment and discharge to POTW to onsite groundwater recirculation and NAPL recovery. Infiltration Gallery Constructed
Site Setting
Site Setting Source Area – Closed Impoundment
Groundwater Flow Directions Infiltration Gallery
Locations of Product Recovery Sumps and Wells
Extent of NAPL Mapped by Others
Profile of Sheetpile Barrier Wall and Vicinity
Sheetpile Barrier Wall
Sheetpile Barrier Wall – As-Built Area Where NAPL on River Sediments Have Been Noted
Objectives of This Study Determine if NAPL Going Under the SBS. Determine if NAPL Going Through the SBS. Determine the lateral and vertical extent of NAPL. Determine if NAPL is laterally Circumventing the Extent of the SBS.
Approach Perform Critical Gradient Analysis using existing data to assess NAPL mobility at SBS (Cohen & Mercer, 1993). Perform dye tests to evaluate SBS. Collect TarGOST® and CPT data to address data gaps. Complete additional test borings to ground-truth TarGOST®  information.  Construct 3-D Conceptual Site Model to interpret data.
Critical Gradient Analysis Use a flownet to calculate the vertical gradient component near the SBS. Use site specific physical properties of NAPL to determine mobility (Cohen & Mercer, 1993).
NAPL Properties
Site Topography
Is NAPL Going Under the SBS When River Level is High?
Is NAPL Going Under the SBS When River Level is Low?
SBS Versus TarGOST® Borings
Results of Critical Gradient Analysis River stage controls vertical gradient components in the vicinity of the SBS. Highest vertical gradient components at low river levels. Highest vertical gradient components are anticipated near the SBS and decrease away. Low river stage results in sufficient upward gradients to mobilize NAPL in river sediments. 3-D model of as-built drawings and new test borings indicate that the SBS may not be completed deep enough in the area of concern.
Is NAPL Going Through the SBS?
Dye Test Well Clusters
TarGOST®  and CPT Methods
TarGOST®  Borings
Geology from CPT and Plume Extent from TarGOST®
TarGOST®  and CPT Results Alternating thin layers (2 – 4 cm thick) of silty sand and sandy silt. Thin seams of free NAPL present in more permeable thin layers. Two zones of free NAPL identified: Immediately below the water table <1 to >4 meters above the top of the glacial till
Lateral Extent of NAPL SBS
Results Critical gradients during low river stage are sufficient to mobilize residual NAPL in river sediments.  Therefore, NAPL occurrences in the vicinity of the SBS may not be indicative of NAPL moving through the wall. Extent of NAPL has been characterized in 3-D. NAPL appears to be circumventing the ends of the SBS. NAPL may possibly be migrating beneath the SBS in areas where the contractor was unable to drive sheets to sufficient depth.
Approach for Remediation

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Mgp 2008 Conference

  • 1. A Multi-Technique Approach for an Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Creosote Containment System at a Former New England Wood Treating Facility by T. Jordan, N. Misquitta, M. Brourman, and M Bollinger
  • 2. Background Information Former Wood Treating Facility Operated from 1923 – 1982. Sandy fluvial deposits overlying glacial till and meta-sedimentary bedrock.
  • 7. Remedies Sheetpile Barrier Wall System - 1997 NAPL Recovery Wells and Sumps Installed 1997 – 2002. Transition from onsite groundwater treatment and discharge to POTW to onsite groundwater recirculation and NAPL recovery. Infiltration Gallery Constructed
  • 9. Site Setting Source Area – Closed Impoundment
  • 10. Groundwater Flow Directions Infiltration Gallery
  • 11. Locations of Product Recovery Sumps and Wells
  • 12. Extent of NAPL Mapped by Others
  • 13. Profile of Sheetpile Barrier Wall and Vicinity
  • 15. Sheetpile Barrier Wall – As-Built Area Where NAPL on River Sediments Have Been Noted
  • 16. Objectives of This Study Determine if NAPL Going Under the SBS. Determine if NAPL Going Through the SBS. Determine the lateral and vertical extent of NAPL. Determine if NAPL is laterally Circumventing the Extent of the SBS.
  • 17. Approach Perform Critical Gradient Analysis using existing data to assess NAPL mobility at SBS (Cohen & Mercer, 1993). Perform dye tests to evaluate SBS. Collect TarGOST® and CPT data to address data gaps. Complete additional test borings to ground-truth TarGOST® information. Construct 3-D Conceptual Site Model to interpret data.
  • 18. Critical Gradient Analysis Use a flownet to calculate the vertical gradient component near the SBS. Use site specific physical properties of NAPL to determine mobility (Cohen & Mercer, 1993).
  • 21. Is NAPL Going Under the SBS When River Level is High?
  • 22. Is NAPL Going Under the SBS When River Level is Low?
  • 24. Results of Critical Gradient Analysis River stage controls vertical gradient components in the vicinity of the SBS. Highest vertical gradient components at low river levels. Highest vertical gradient components are anticipated near the SBS and decrease away. Low river stage results in sufficient upward gradients to mobilize NAPL in river sediments. 3-D model of as-built drawings and new test borings indicate that the SBS may not be completed deep enough in the area of concern.
  • 25. Is NAPL Going Through the SBS?
  • 26. Dye Test Well Clusters
  • 27. TarGOST® and CPT Methods
  • 29. Geology from CPT and Plume Extent from TarGOST®
  • 30. TarGOST® and CPT Results Alternating thin layers (2 – 4 cm thick) of silty sand and sandy silt. Thin seams of free NAPL present in more permeable thin layers. Two zones of free NAPL identified: Immediately below the water table <1 to >4 meters above the top of the glacial till
  • 31. Lateral Extent of NAPL SBS
  • 32. Results Critical gradients during low river stage are sufficient to mobilize residual NAPL in river sediments. Therefore, NAPL occurrences in the vicinity of the SBS may not be indicative of NAPL moving through the wall. Extent of NAPL has been characterized in 3-D. NAPL appears to be circumventing the ends of the SBS. NAPL may possibly be migrating beneath the SBS in areas where the contractor was unable to drive sheets to sufficient depth.