DNA Vaccine is very promising method in current century. it can eliminate the risks of encountering pathogen with living cell. this presentation has a brief concept about DNA Vaccine, to understand the baseline of genetic vaccine.

2. DNA Vaccines
Presented by:
Aneela Rafiq
Biotechnology

3. Outline
• What is vaccine?
• What are the different types
of vaccines?
• Genetic Vaccines
• Vaccine Delivery
• Mechanism

4. What is Vaccine?
 A vaccine is a substance that stimulates
an immune response that can either
prevent an infection
or
create resistance to an infection

5. What are the different types
of vaccines?
 Live vaccines
• Are able to replicate in the host
• Attenuated (weakened) so they do not cause disease
 Whole killed vaccines
 Subunit vaccines
• Part of organism (protein, inactivated toxins)
 Genetic Vaccines
• Part of genes from organism

6. Genetic Vaccines
Introduce DNA or RNA into the host
Injected (Naked) (Intra muscular, i.m.)
Delivered by Gene gun. Naked DNA Coated on gold
particles
 Carried by recombinant live vectors:
Vaccinia, adenovirus, or alphaviruses
Intracellular bacteria
 Advantages
Easy to produce
Induce cellular (CD4+T cells and CTL’s) and humoral
responses
 Disadvantages
Often weak primary responses-need for a boost

7. Cont.
 DNA vaccine is DNA sequence used as a vaccine.
 This DNA sequence codes for antigenic protein of
pathogen.
 DNA inserted into cells - translated to form antigenic
protein. Since this protein is foreign to cells , so
immune response is raised against this protein.
 In this way ,DNA vaccine provide immunity against
that pathogen.

8. Genetic Vaccines
 HIV
• Live-attenuated or killed Vaccines are not applicable
Because:
• If there were a manufacturing error and the HIV is not
properly killed or attenuated, the poorly-made vaccine
could infect people with HIV
• Also, because HIV is so highly mutating, there is concern it
might be able to mutate out of attenuation and cause
disease.
 Cancer
 A variety of infectious diseases
• Tuberculosis
• Malaria
• HCV

9. How do they do it
Viral gene
Expression plasmid
Recombinant DNA Technology
Plasmid with foreign gene
First step

10. Cont.
Transform into bacterial cell
Second step

11. Cont.
Plasmid DNA Purified
Third step
Ready to use

12. Vaccine Delivery
 Syringe delivery
 Gene Gun
Gold particles

13. Mechanism
BY TWO PATHWAYS
• ENDOGENOUS Antigenic Protein is presented by
cell in which it is produced
• EXOGENOUS Antigenic Protein is formed in
one cell but presented by
different cell

14. It has it all!