9. PROCEDURE OF RETINOSCOPY
Ask the patient to fixate on target
Patient’s RE examined with the examiner’s
RE with the retinoscope in right hand
Working Distance about 1 m.
Examiner’s both eyes should be open
Examiner not to obstruct the view of target
Examiner observes a red reflex in the
pupillary area
Retinoscope is moved in both horizontal or
vertical meridians
10. INFERENCES OF RETINOSCOPY
PROPERTIES OF REFLEX
Movement
With Need more plus
Against Need more minus
Brightness
Dim Far from neutralization
Bright Close to neutralization
Width
Narrow Far from neutralization
Wide Close to neutralization
Speed
Slow Far from neutralization
Fast Close to neutralization
12. CYCLOPLEGICS IN RETINOSCOPY
S
N
o
Drug Name Age Peak
Effect
Duratio
n of
action
Time of
retinosco
py
PCT Tonus
allowan
ce
1. Atropine 1% <5
yrs
2-3
days
10-20
days
4th Day After 3
wks
1.0 D
2. Homatropine
2%
5-8
yrs
60-90
min
48-72
hrs
After 90
mins
After 3
days
0.5 D
3. Cyclopentolate
1%
8-20
yrs
80-90
min
6-18 hrs After 90
mins
After 3
days
0.75 D
4. Tropicamide
0.5%, 1%
- 20-40
min
4-6 hrs - - -
5. Phenylephrine
5%, 10%
- 30-40
min
4-6 hrs - - -
13. PROBLEMS OF RETINOSCOPY
Poor or invisible red reflex
Changing retinoscopy findings
Scissoring shadows
Spherical aberrations
Conflicting shadows
Triangular shadow