HANA SPS07 Security

What´s New? SAP HANA SPS 07
Security
(Delta from SPS 06 to SPS 07)
SAP HANA Product Management

November, 2013

Agenda
Authentication
User/role management
Authorization

Encryption
Audit logging
Documentation

© 2013 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

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What’s New in SAP HANA SPS 07: Security
SPNEGO support for SAP HANA XS
SPNEGO (Kerberos with Simple and Protected GSSAPI Negotiation Mechanism) is now
available as an authentication option for SAP HANA XS
Configuration
1. In Microsoft Active Directory, for each host and alias register new service principal names and map them to the
(potentially already existing) SAP HANA service user
2. On the SAP HANA server, add the keys for the new service principal names to the keytab
3. In SAP HANA, configure the Kerberos user mapping for the user
Note: If the user mapping has already been set up for Kerberos authentication for SQL access, you do not
have to change anything here
4. Using the SAP HANA XS Administration Tool (http://<host>:80<sysno>/sap/hana/xs/admin/), select SPNEGO
as authentication method for the user


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SAP Logon Ticket and SAP Assertion Ticket support
SAP Logon Tickets and SAP Assertion Tickets are now supported for both SQL and XS access
Prerequisites
 A separate trust store for SAP Logon and Assertion tickets
has been configured
 System privilege USER ADMIN

Configuration
1. In the Systems view in SAP HANA studio, choose Security
2. Create a new user by right-clicking on Users and choosing
New User
3. Select the authentication method(s) and choose the
(Deploy) button

Notes
 Prior to SPS 07, SAP HANA implicitly selected both user name/password and SAP Logon Tickets as
authentication methods for new users. Now you have to explicitly set authentication options for new users
 To re-enable the old behavior for SAP Logon Tickets, a new configuration parameter has been introduced
(Indexserver.ini -> authentication -> SapLogonTicketEnabledForNewUsers). See also SAP Note 1927949

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Password policy changes/additions (I)
The mandatory periodic password change can now be re-enabled using SQL
 In some situations it may be required to exclude specific users from the mandatory periodic password change,
for example the technical user that is used by an application server to connect to the database
 Prerequisites: System privilege USER ADMIN
 Syntax:

ALTER USER <user_name> DISABLE PASSWORD LIFETIME
ALTER USER <user_name> ENABLE PASSWORD LIFETIME
Changed default for maximum_unused_initial_password_lifetime
 This parameter specifies the number of days for which initial user passwords are valid. If a user has not logged
on within this period of time, the password becomes invalid; the user administrator can reset it if still needed.
 New default: 7 days (formerly 28 days)
 Prerequisites: System privilege USER ADMIN
 To change this parameter, in the Systems view of SAP HANA studio choose Security -> Password Policy ->
Lifetime of Initial Password

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Password policy changes/additions (II)
Option to set configuration parameter password_lock_time to infinity
Time for which a user is locked after having exhausted the maximum number of failed logon attempts
Prerequisites:

Configuration
– In the Systems view in SAP HANA studio, choose Security -> Password Policy and in the User Lock Settings
select Lock indefinitely

– When setting the parameter using SQL, use the value -1

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Set validity period for user in SAP HANA studio
You can now set the validity period for a user in SAP HANA studio
Prerequisites

Configuration
1. In the Systems view in SAP HANA studio, choose Security
2. Expand Users and double-click on the user for which you want to set the validity period,
or create a new user by right-clicking on Users and choosing New User
3. Enter the validity period and choose the
(Deploy) button


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Copy user
You can now create a new user by copying an
existing user. The roles granted to the existing
user are automatically granted to the new user
Prerequisites
 System privilege USER ADMIN, SQL privilege
EXECUTE on procedure GRANT_ACTIVATED_ROLE

Restrictions
 Only roles created as design-time roles are copied
 Only available in SAP HANA studio

Procedure
1. In the Systems view in SAP HANA studio, choose
Security -> Users, right-click the user to be copied
and choose Copy User
2. Enter the details for the new user
3. Choose the (Deploy) button to create the user

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New system privileges for repository change management
New system privileges for repository change management are available
Repository change management provides the infrastructure for tracked development. If enabled, the
activation of a repository object prompts the developer to assign it to a container or “Change”. A
developer must then approve and release his changes in order for the objects in his change to be
marked as released. This enables the creation of a delivery unit (DU) that is composed of only
released objects. Releasing a change does not trigger any automatic semantic checks but is a manual
assurance by the developer that the objects are consistent and ready for transport.
Prerequisites

Granting system privileges
1. In the Systems view in SAP HANA studio, double-click on the user
2. On the System Privileges tab, add the required system privileges:
o REPO.CONFIGURE, REPO.MODIFY_CHANGE, REPO.MODIFY_FOREIGN_CONTRIBUTION, REPO.MODIFY_OWN_C
ONTRIBUTION,

3. Choose the

(Deploy) button


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New privilege for debugging SQLScript code
You can now allow other users to debug
SQLScript code (e.g. a procedure) that is being
executed in your session
1. In the Systems view in SAP HANA studio, expand
Security -> Users and double-click the user to whom
you want to grant debugging privileges
o On the Object Privileges tab, add your procedure and
select DEBUG
o On the Privileges on Users tab, choose the
(Add)
button and select ATTACH DEBUGGER (see screenshot)

2. Choose the

(Deploy) button

Example
 BOB grants ALICE debugging privileges

Note
 It is not possible to grant the ATTACH DEBUGGER
privilege on behalf of other users

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SAP HANA studio: Support for smart data access privilege assignment
SQL privileges for Smart Data Access scenarios can now be granted using SAP HANA studio
Smart data access is SAP HANA’s capability to connect to remote sources and present data in those
remote sources as though they were local SAP HANA tables. In SAP HANA, virtual tables are created
that represent the tables in the remote source. Via these virtual tables, joins can be executed between
tables in SAP HANA and tables in the remote source.
The following SQL privileges can now be granted using SAP HANA studio:
 CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE (in selected remote source)
 DROP (selected remote source)

Prerequisites
 Remote source has been created

Example
 User SYSTEM grants a user the privileges to
– Create virtual tables for remote source ASE2
– Drop remote source ASE2

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Support for SAP’s new cryptographic library CommonCryptoLib
SAP HANA now supports SAP’s new cryptographic library CommonCryptoLib for operations
that require cryptography, for example data volume encryption and SSL communication
encryption
CommonCryptoLib is the successor of SAPCRYPTOLIB
Notes:
 CommonCryptoLib will be made available via SAP Service Marketplace
 Because the library includes encryption routines, CommonCryptoLib distribution is subject to and controlled by
German export regulations and may not be available to all customers. The library may also be subject to local
regulations of your own country that may further restrict the import, use, and (re-)export of cryptographic
software.


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SAP HANA studio: Configure data volume encryption (I)
Data volume encryption on disk can now be configured using SAP HANA studio
After activating encryption, new data that is saved to disk will be encrypted starting with the next
savepoint. Existing data starts being encrypted in the background. Depending on the size of the SAP
HANA system, this process can take some time. Only after this process has completed is all your data
encrypted. You can monitor the encryption progress in SAP HANA studio.
Notes
 If you want to use data volume encryption, it is recommended to activate it directly after installing the system
 The root key for data volume encryption is automatically created during installation. If you have received SAP
HANA as an appliance, we recommend to change this key after handover from the hardware vendor


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SAP HANA studio: Configure data volume encryption (II)
Prerequisites
 System privilege RESOURCE ADMIN

Activating/deactivating data volume encryption
1. In the Systems view in SAP HANA studio, choose
Security
2. Open the Data Volume Encryption tab
– To activate encryption, select Activate encryption of
data volumes
– To deactivate encryption, de-select this option
3. Choose the
(Deploy) button


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SSFS: Change master key (I)
SSFS master key

SAP HANA now provides the ability to change
the SSFS master key
SSFS (SAP NetWeaver secure storage in the file
system) is used by SAP HANA to store
 The root key for the data volume encryption
 The root key for the internal data protection API
(DPAPI). Note: DPAPI is used by the secure internal
credential store, which is needed in some scenarios
such as smart data access to securely store additional
user credentials (e.g. for access to remote systems)

SSFS
Data volume encryption
(root key)
Internal data protection API
(root key)

The keys stored in SSFS are themselves encrypted
using the SSFS master key.
It is recommended to periodically change the SSFS
master key, re-encrypt the SSFS with the new key, SAP HANA
file system
and save the new key to a secure location.

Data volume encryption
(savepoint-specific key)

Secure credential store
(key)

SAP HANA database
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SSFS: Change master key (II)
Prerequisites
 Credentials of the operating system user (<sid>adm user) that was created when the system was installed
 Database user with system privilege INIFILE ADMIN
 In a distributed SAP HANA system, every host must be able to access the key file location

Changing the SSFS master key
1. Stop the SAP HANA system
2. Log on to the SAP HANA system host as the operating system user <sid>adm
3. Generate a new master key by entering the following command:

rsecssfx generatekey
4. Re-encrypt the SSFS with the new master key and save the key file to a secure location as follows:

RSEC_SSFS_DATAPATH=/usr/sap/<SID>/global/hdb/security/ssfs
RSEC_SSFS_KEYPATH<PATH TO KEYFILE> rsecssfx changekey <NEWKEY>
5. Configure the specified key file location in the cryptography section of the global.ini configuration file with the
parameter ssfs_key_file_path

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SSFS: Data volume encryption root key included in backup
If storage snapshots are used for data backup, the root key for the data volume encryption is
now included in the automatic backup of the SSFS
The SSFS is always part of the data backup, but for file system or BACKINT backups it does not
include the data volume encryption root key.
The root key is only needed in recovery scenarios where a storage snapshot is used as the basis for
the recovery.


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SSFS: Alert if SSFS is missing
An alert is triggered if the SSFS is missing
SSFS is used by SAP HANA to store
 The root key for the data volume encryption
 The root key for the internal data protection API

New check
 Determines whether the secure storage in the file system (SSFS) is accessible to the database
 Alert priority: HIGH
 Recommended user action: Check and make sure that the secure storage in the file system (SSFS) is
accessible to the database


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Communication encryption: Force SSL for client SQL connections
There is a new configuration parameter which enforces SSL encryption for all client SQL
connections to the SAP HANA database
Prerequisites
 SSL has been configured for the SAP HANA database
 System privilege INIFILE ADMIN
 You have migrated to the new statistics server implementation (see SAP Note 1917938). Do not enforce SSL for
client connections otherwise.

Configuration
1.
2.
3.
4.

In the Administration editor in SAP HANA studio, open the Configuration tab
Navigate to the global.ini file and expand the communication section
Set the sslEnforce parameter to true (default: false)
New SQL connection attempts by clients without SSL will now be rejected by the SAP HANA database. Note
though that existing connections will not be terminated, so if you want to enforce SSL for all connections, it is
recommended to restart the database.


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Communication encryption: SSL support for system replication scenarios
The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol can be used to secure network communication
between the primary site and secondary site in system replication scenarios
Prerequisites
 SSL has been configured for both SAP HANA systems (key creation and CA).
 System privilege INIFILE ADMIN

Configuration
1. For a scenario involving two systems, carry out the following steps in both systems
1. In the Administration editor in SAP HANA studio, open the Configuration tab
2. In the configuration file global.ini -> section system_replication_communication: Set the parameter enable_ssl to on

2. SSL will be used from the next reconnect between primary and secondary. The easiest way to achieve a
reconnect is to restart the secondary system.


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Mandatory audit actions
If auditing is active, certain actions are always audited and are therefore not available for
inclusion in user-defined audit policies
In the audit trail, these action are labeled with the internal audit policy MandatoryAuditPolicy.
Action
CREATE AUDIT POLICY

Description
Creation, modification, or deletion of audit policies

ALTER AUDIT POLICY
DROP AUDIT POLICY

ALTER SYSTEM CLEAR AUDIT LOG UNITL <timestamp>

Deletion of audit entries from the audit trail. This only applies if
audit entries are written to column store database tables.

ALTER SYSTEM ALTER CONFIGURATION ('global.ini','SYSTEM') set ('auditing
configuration','global_auditing_state' ) = <value> with reconfigure;

Changes to auditing configuration, that is:

configuration','default_audit_trail_type' ) = '<audit_trail_type>' with
reconfigure;
configuration','default_audit_trail_path' ) = '<path>' with reconfigure;


Enabling or disabling auditing
Changing the audit trail target
Changing the location of the audit trail target if it is a CSV text
file

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Database table as audit trail target (I)
As an alternative to syslog, SAP HANA can now write the audit trail to tables within the
database itself
When an audit policy is triggered, an audit entry is created in the audit trail
Audit trail types for production systems:
 syslog (logging system of the Linux operating system)
o syslog is a secure storage location for the audit trail because not even the database administrator can access or change it.
There are also numerous storage possibilities for the syslog, including storing it on other systems. In addition, syslog is the
default log daemon in UNIX systems. syslog therefore provides a high degree of flexibility and security, as well as
integration into a larger system landscape.

 Database table
o Using an SAP HANA database table as the target for the audit trail makes it possible to query and analyze auditing
information quickly. It also provides a secure and tamper-proof storage location.
o Internal column store table in the _SYS_AUDIT schema of the SAP HANA database
o Audit entries are only accessible through the public system view AUDIT_LOG. Only SELECT operations can be performed
on this view by users with system privilege AUDIT ADMIN or AUDIT OPERATOR
o To avoid the audit table growing too large, it is possible to delete old audit entries

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Database table as audit trail target (II)
Prerequisites
 System privilege AUDIT ADMIN or INIFILE ADMIN

Configuring the audit trail
1. In the Systems view, double-click on Security and
open the Auditing tab
2. In the System Settings for Auditing area, set the
auditing status to Enabled
3. Configure the target of the audit trail by choosing
Database Table
4. Choose the (Deploy) button


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Database table as audit trail target (III)
Prerequisites
 System privilege AUDIT ADMIN or AUDIT OPERATOR

Viewing the audit trail
 In the Systems view of SAP HANA studio, expand the
catalog and display the system view AUDIT_LOG
 Alternatively, display the system view using SQL
commands:

SELECT * FROM "PUBLIC"."AUDIT_LOG"


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Database table as audit trail target (IV)
Prerequisites
 System privilege AUDIT ADMIN or AUDIT OPERATOR

Truncating the audit trail
2. Choose the (Truncate) button
3. Specify a date/time and click OK
Caution: All information in the audit trail that is older will
be immediately deleted


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New audit actions
Two additional data definition (DDL) actions
can now be audited: CREATE TABLE and
ALTER TABLE
Prerequisites
 System privilege AUDIT ADMIN

Creating an audit policy
2. In the Audit Policies area, choose Create New Policy
3. Enter the policy name
4. Specify the audit actions and further options if
required
5. Choose the
(Deploy) button


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Firefighter logging
You can log all actions performed by a specific
user
This covers not only all actions that can be audited
individually, but also actions that cannot otherwise
be audited. Such a policy is useful if you want to
audit the actions of a particularly privileged user.
Note
 Some actions cannot be audited using database
auditing even with a policy that includes all actions, in
particular, system restart and system recovery

Caution
 Firefighter logging may generate a lot of audit entries,
so only enable it if required


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Exempt user from audit policy
You can now exempt individual users from an
audit policy
This can be useful, for example, if you want to
exclude the technical user account used by an
application server for connections to the SAP
HANA database
Prerequisites
 System privilege AUDIT ADMIN

Exempting a user from an audit policy
 When creating the audit policy, choose in the Users
column
 Select the users to be excluded from the audit policy


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SAP HANA studio: Improved audit action configuration
The dialog for selecting audit actions for an
audit policy has been improved
Not all actions can be combined together in the
same policy, therefore compatible audit actions
have been grouped together
When you select an action, those actions that are
not compatible with the selected action become
unavailable for selection
If you need to two audit incompatible audit
actions, you need to create two separate audit
policies


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Context-sensitive help in SAP HANA studio
SAP HANA studio now provides contextsensitive help for many topic areas, including
security
To open the context-sensitive help, press F1, or
choose Help -> Dynamic Help


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More Information
SAP HANA documentation
Available on the SAP Help Portal
 SAP HANA Security Guide, Master Guide (network topics),
Developer Guide, SQL Reference Guide (privilege details)

Important SAP notes







1598623: SAP HANA appliance: Security (Central Security Note)
1514967: SAP HANA appliance (Central Appliance Note)
1730928: Using external software in a HANA appliance
1730929: Using external tools in an SAP HANA appliance
1730930: Using antivirus software in an SAP HANA appliance
1730999: Configuration changes in HANA appliance

Security whitepaper
 http://www.saphana.com/docs/DOC-3751


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Disclaimer
This presentation outlines our general product direction and should not be relied on in making
a purchase decision. This presentation is not subject to your license agreement or any other
agreement with SAP.
SAP has no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this presentation or to
develop or release any functionality mentioned in this presentation. This presentation and
SAP’s strategy and possible future developments are subject to change and may be changed
by SAP at any time for any reason without notice.
This document is provided without a warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including
but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or
non-infringement. SAP assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this
document, except if such damages were caused by SAP intentionally or grossly negligent.


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Thank you
Contact information
Andrea Kristen
SAP HANA Product Management
AskSAPHANA@sap.com
To get the best overview of what’s new in SAP HANA SPS 07, read this blog.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG.
The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice.
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