This document discusses various assessment procedures and techniques used in education. It describes formative and summative assessment, as well as diagnostic, peer, and self-assessment. Several techniques are then outlined, including student portfolios, observation, inventories, interviews, checklists, questionnaires, sociograms, and teacher-made tests. Specific details are provided on how each technique is used to evaluate students and inform instruction.

1. UNIT#10
ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE AND TECHNIQUES
INSTRUCTOR
Dr.TAHIRA ANWAR LASHARI
PRESENTED BY
SAIMA YASMEEN

2. ASSESSMENT
Assessment involves the interpretation of
measurement data. It makes sense of the data
collected on student performance.
In education the term assessment refers to the
wide variety of methods or tools that educators
use to evaluate, measure, and document the
academic readiness, learning progress, skill
acquisition, or educational needs of students.

3. TYPES OF ASSESSMENT
These are commonly used types of assessment.
Formative assessment
It is an assessment which is conducted during instruction.
Summative assessment
It is an assessment which comes at the ends of course or program.
Diagnostic assessment
It is an assessment to know the learning difficulties of student.
Peer assessment
Peer assessment occurs when students judge one another's performance on the
basis of reference criteria.
Self assessment
Self assessment refers to the students, s assessment of his/her own performance
at various points in a course.

4. TECHNIQUES OF ASSESSMENT
Student Portfolio
Observation
Inventory
Interview
Checklist
Questionnaire
Sociogram
Teacher made
test

5. STUDENT PORTFOLIO
A student portfolio is a compilation of academic work and other forms of
educational evidence assembled for the purpose of
Evaluating course work quality
Learning progress
Academic achievement
Portfolio can help teachers monitor and evaluate learning progress over
time.
Portfolio can encourage students to take more ownership and
responsibility over the learning process.
Portfolio can improve communication between teachers and parents.

6. OBSERVATION
Observation method is a technique in which behavior of student is watched and
recoded without any direct contact.
Purpose
To collect data directly.
To get eye witness first hand data in real like situation.
To collect data in a natural setting.

7. TYPES OF OBSERVATION
Types of observation
Structured and
Unstructured
Participant and Non
participant

8. INVENTORY
Inventory is a list, record or catalogue containing list of traits, preferences attitudes,
interests or abilities used to evaluate personal characteristics or skills.
The purpose of inventory is to make a list about a specific trait, activity or program
and to check to what extent the presence of that ability.
Types of inventories
Interest inventory
Reading Inventory

9. INTEREST INVENTORY
The tool used for describing and measuring interests of individuals
are the interest inventories or interest blanks.
They are self report instruments in which the individual note their
own likes and dislikes.

10. READING INVENTORY
Reading inventory is mostly used in Kindergarten, first and
second grades classrooms.
In reading inventory there are no right and wrong answers,
and the results are usually used to plan classroom activities or
to develop individual learning programs.

11. INTERVIEW
An interview is anyplanned conversation with a specific purpose
involving two or more people.
Interviews are also referred as an oral questionnaire by some people, but
it is indeed much more than that.Questionaire involves direct data
collection, whereas interview data is collected directly from others in face
to face contact.
Types of interview are
Sturctured interview
Semi Structured interview
Un Sturctured interview

12. STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
It is like a questionnaire which is administered face to face with a respondent. The
interviewer has a predetermined list of questions. This type of interview is rigidly
standardized and formal.
SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
In semi structure interview the interviewer has a clear list of issues to be addressed
and questions to be answered. The answers are open ended. There is some
flexibility in the order of the topics.
UN STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
In case of unstructured interview, emphasis is placed on the interviewee`s thoughts.
The teacher introduces a theme or topic and then letting the interviewee develop
his or her ideas and pursue his or her train of thoughts.It gives opportunity for
indepth investigations.

13. CHECK LISTS
A checklist, is a type of informational job aid used to reduce failure by
compensating for potential limits of human memory and attention.A basic
example is to do list.
The checklist consist of a list of items with a place to check, or to mark yes or no.
USE OF CHECKLIST
 To record behavior in observational studies.
 To use in educational appraisal, studies, instructional procedures and
outcomes etc.
 To rate the personality.
 When we want to check yes` or no of any ability, check list is used.

14. QUESTIONNAIRE
A questionnaire is a form prepared and distributed to secure responses to certain
questions. Questionnaire rely on written information supplied directly by people in
response to questions.
Questionnaire can be of various type on the basis of its preparation. They are like:
Structured v/s Non Structured
Closed v/s Open
Fact v/s Opinion
Structured v/s Non Structured
The structured questionnaire contains definite concrete and directed questions,
whereas non structured questionnaire is often used in interview and guide. It may
consist of partially completed questions.

15. CLOSED V/S OPEN
The question that calls for short check responses are known as restricted or closed form type. Here the respondent is not free to
write of his own, he was to select from the supplied responses.
In open ended questionnaire the respondent is free to response in his own words.
FACT V/S OPINION
In case of fact questionnaire, the respondent is expected to gives information of facts without any reference to his opinion or
attitude about them.
But in case of opinion questionnaire the respondent gives the information about the facts with his own opinion and attitude.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD QUESTIONNAIRE
It should be as short as possible but should be comprehensive.
Directions should be clear and complete.
Double negatives in questions should be avoided.
Putting two questions in one question should also be avoided.
It should avoid annoying or embarrassing questions.
The questionnaire should also be used appropriately.

16. SOCIOGRAM
A sociogram is a socio-metric instrument which diagrammatically indicates
the formation and changes of a group.
It is a map and graphic representation of social links that a person has.
The purpose of sociogram is to highlight the feeling of attraction,
indifferences and rejection that occurs within a group and between its
members.
SOCIOGRAM IN CLASSROOM
A sociogram is teacher made device that is used to provide additional
information regarding a student and how she/he interacts with peers.
It is valuable tool for determining how a student is viewed by his/her
classmates.
When working with students who tend to socially withdraw or isolate
themselves.
These results can then be used when assigning groups and arranging
seating.

17. TEACHER MADE TEST
Teacher made tests are classroom tests and developed by
teachers. Test developed by class teacher in order to assess the
achievements of the students in particular subject is called a
teacher made test.
CHARACTERISTICS
Help the teacher to assess individual`s pupil`s strengths and
weaknesses and needs.
Provide feedback for teachers as to assess the effectiveness of
teaching methods.
Simple to use.
Motivate the students.

18. TYPE OF TEST ITEMS
Objective
test
Essay
test
Combine
test

19. THANKS