1. The document discusses elements of narrative texts such as theme, setting, characters, plot, dialogue, and point of view. It defines these elements and provides examples. 2. A narrative text tells a story through a narrator and can be fiction or real events. Narratives use techniques like chronological order and descriptions of time and setting. 3. The document also discusses how to analyze a narrative text by identifying the central idea, logical order, relevant details, vivid language, and elements of the literary text like exposition, rising action, climax, and resolution.

1. Week 2 Narratives
Dr. Russell Rodrigo

2. Learning Objectives
1. To get the gist of the narrative texts by applying reading
strategies
2. Identify elements of narrative texts
3. Write short narratives

3. What is a narrative text?
 Narrative text is writing that tells a story. It can be a made-up
story (fiction) or one that is based on real events.
 “To narrate” is the verb used to describe the act of telling a
story, so a narrative is the story and the narrator is the person
telling the story

4. Time and Space Order Patterns: Narration,
Process and Description
 Clear communication between a writer and a reader comes from clear organization.
Clear organization is based on logical connections between ideas. Transitions and
patterns of organization are used to organized and express these logical connections.
 Time order, also known as chronological order, presents ideas based on that time I which
they occurred. Time order enables us to tell about and understand an event, a series of
actions, or a process.
 Space order tells where something occurs. Space order creates a clear visual image of a
person, place, object, or scene.
 Time and space are closely linked in our thinking. Action occurs in both time and space.

5. How do we learn to Communicate?
1. How, where, and what do infants learn about language?
2. How, where, and what do toddlers learn about languages?
3. How, where, and what have five-and-six year olds learned?

8. Practice 1: Read the text “Mother Tongue” by Amy
Tan (p.307)
1. Logical Order:
Is this passage a narration or a process? Which transitions/signal words did the
writer use?
2. Central Idea: What is the writer’s central point?
3. Relevant Details: What are the “different Englishes” Amy Tan uses?
4. Effective Language: What vivid words does the writer use to create
images in the reader’s mind?

9. Elements of Literary Narrative Texts
1. Theme
2. Setting
3. Characters
4. Point of view
5. Characterization
6. Dialogue
7. Plot
 exposition statement
 rising action - conflict
 climax
 falling action
 resolution

10. Elements
1. Theme
 The main idea of a story,
usually expressed as a
generalization. It’s the big
message, the big idea.
2. Setting
 The time and place in a story.
3. Characters
 Protagonist-The “good guy” or
hero/heroin in the story who struggles
against the conflict, usually the main
character.
 Antagonist –The “bad guy” or villain
in the story that creates conflict for the
protagonist.

11. 4. Characterization - The description of the personalities of the characters in the
story and the way in which an author reveals their personalities.
5. Point of View
 First Person –the story is told from the main character’s point of view and uses the
pronouns “I” and “we”.
 Second Person -usually for instructions; uses the pronouns “you” and “your” (the
author is speaking to the reader)
 Third Person –the story is told from an outside point of view and uses the pronouns
“he” and “she” and “they”.
6. Dialogue - Characters talking using quotation marks.
“May we ask where you’ve been, Miss Everdeen?” Effie asks.
“So where haven’t you been?” Says Haymitch in a bored voice.

12. Plot
 The series of related events
that make up a story.
1. Exposition
2. Rising Action
3. Climax
4. Falling Action
5. Resolution

13. Plot
1. Exposition
 - The part of the plot that tells how the
story begins.
 You learn….
 Characters
 Setting
 Conflict (problem)
 Background information
The rest of the story is based on this
information
2. Rising Action
The events in the story that lead up to
the climax.
 Readers learn more about the
characters and the conflict.
 Each event that happens leads the
reader closer to the climax of the
story.

14. 3. Conflict- A struggle between an
opposing force.
 Internal conflict- the character
struggles with his or her own needs,
desires, or emotions.
 External conflict- a character struggles
with an outside force such as another
character or something in nature
Man vs self Man vs man
Man vs nature Man vs society
4. Climax
The point of crisis in the plot.
 When the outcome of the conflict is
decided one way or the other. – the
turning point
 The event of highest interest or excitement
in the story.
 Nothing is the same in the story after this
event because the main character
changes or learns something that changes
everything.

15. 5. Falling action - The events that
lead to the conclusion after the
climax.
 These events are a result of the
changes in, or the decisions made
by, the main character during the
climax.
 Everything in the falling action
leads to the conclusion of the
story
6. Resolution
 The part of the plot that
reveals the final outcome.
 The conflicts are solved and
all questions are answered.

16. What else is an element?
 Voice- the way a piece of writing sounds
 Mood- the overall emotion created by a work of poetry or literature
 Tone- the attitude that a writer takes toward the audience, a subject,
or a character
 Sensory language- writing that appeals to one or more of the five
senses