Replication to Protein Synthesis

3. LIVING THINGS
AND THEIR
ENVIRONMENT
Quarter 3 Week 2
S10LT-3e-37

4.  CENTRAL DOGMA
OF MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY:
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
TOPIC

5. CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. the information stored in DNA as being
used to make proteins.
2. how changes in a DNA molecule may
cause changes in its product

6. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
•Explain how protein is made using
information from DNA

7. 4 Pics 1 Word
CELL

8. 4 Pics 1 Word
NUCLEUS

9. 4 Pics 1 Word
MESSAGE

10. 4 Pics 1 Word
PROTEIN

11. Flashback
Grade 7 Compare and Differentiate

12. Flashback
Grade 8 Elaborate and Discuss

13. Flashback
Grade 9 Describe and Understand

14. NOW
Grade 10 Explore and Discuss

15. How are proteins made?

16. Nucleus
Cytoplasm

17. Nucleic Acids

18. DNA and RNA

21. Compare
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Double Stranded Single Strand
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine
Adenine - A
Uracil - U
Cytosine - C
Guanine - G
Nucleic
Acid
Made up of
Nucleotides
A - T
C - G

22. Cell Cycle

23. DNA Structure

25. DNA REPLICATION
- The process
of making
copies of DNA.
Two identical
copies of DNA
molecules are
produced,
exactly same
as the original.

26. DNA REPLICATION
helicase
Old Old
New New

27. SCIENCE 10
D old strands
Base
Pairing
Semi-Conservative
Replication
old strands
new strands

28. D
GENE EXPRESSION
TRANSCRIPTION
and
TRANSLATION

29. key players
Carries the information
directed by the DNA
Site for Protein Synthesis, holds the
mRNA, where protein assemble
An enzyme that act on the DNA,
open it, and look for the coding
section
Carries the anticodon, that
supplements the code, and its
corresponding amino acid.

30. SCIENCE 10
DProtein Synthesis: TRANSCRIPTION
Transcription is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA, that directs the order of
nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA). The messenger RNA brings information from
the DNA in the nucleus to the protein manufacturing area, the cytoplasm. In the
cytoplasm, the mRNA becomes the template of information to make proteins. The
transcription process can be divided into 3 stages.
Stage 1: Initiation- The Ribonucleic Acid polymerase (RNA polymerase), binds and
open the DNA molecule that will be transcribed.
Stage 2: Elongation- As the DNA molecules open, the RNA polymerase slides along
the DNA strand and links free RNA nucleotides that pair up with nitrogenous bases
of the complementary strand of DNA.
Stage 3: Termination- When the process of base pairing is complete, the RNA
molecule breaks away as DNA strand rejoin. The RNA leaves the nucleus and goes to
the cytoplasm.

31. SCIENCE 10
D

32. SCIENCE 10
D

33. SCIENCE 10
D Coding
strand
Non-
Coding
strand
U
U
U
U
mRNA
sequence

34. SCIENCE 10
D Protein Synthesis: TRANSLATION

35. D
Protein Synthesis: Translation
Translation is the process of converting the information in mRNA into a sequence of
amino acids that make a protein. Two RNA plays an important role in this process:
These are the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the transfer RNA (tRNA). As the mRNA leaves
the nucleus of the cell and proceed to the cytoplasm, ribosomes- the site for protein
synthesis, waits for the start of translation process. Translation process can also be
divided into 3 stages.
Stage 1: Initiation- The mRNA binds to the ribosome and it usually look for a start
codon. A codon is triplet base that code for a certain amino acid. The start codon on
mRNA is AUG, the tRNA- that carries an anticodon that complements the codon,
approaches towards the ribosome.
Stage 2: Elongation- As the ribosome slides along the mRNA, new tRNA molecules
carrying amino acids are in place, an enzyme joins them by forming a peptide bond
between them. Thus, a polypeptide chain is produced as the process continues.

36. D
Protein Synthesis: Translation
Stage 3: Termination- When the ribosome reaches the stop codon like (UAG, UAA
and UGA) in the mRNA sequence, a release factor will bind, allowing the ribosome
to dissociates with mRNA and the release of polypeptide chain. Protein synthesis is
now complete.

37. D The Genetic Code Table
The table shows the distribution of amino acids, coded for certain mRNA codons.
There are 20 different amino acids. Some different codons are coded for same amino
acids. For example, if the mRNA code is 5’ AUGAAACACCUGUCAGGGUGA 3’,
therefor the sequence of amino acids are Met-Lys-His-Leu-Ser-Gly-Stop.

38. D mRNA
Sequence
codon
U
U
A
C
U
A
C
G
A
C
U
U
G
anticodon
Sequence
in tRNA
Amino Acids
Attach at
tRNA
Met Leu Met
Protein
Peptide bond
Polypeptide
chain

40. E
True or False
__ 1. RNA polymerase initiates the process of translation.
__ 2. In a semi-conservative replication, two identical DNA has old strands and new strands.
__ 3. The tRNA carries the anticodons that supplement the codon in mRNA strand.
__ 4. The ribosome binds with mature mRNA and begins the process of translation.
__ 5. Cytosine pairs with Uracil in a RNA strand.
__ 6. The stop codon includes UAG, GUA, UAA.
__ 7. The DNA directs the order of nucleotides to be used as template for protein synthesis.
__ 8. A single nucleotide comprises a phosphate group, sugar component and a nucleic acid.
__ 9. In a DNA molecule, a base pair would be composed of Adenine and Guanine.
__ 10. The helicase breaks the bond between nitrogenous pairs of DNA.
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE

42. Please be guided

43. Reference
Science 10
Quarter 3
Learning Packets

44. Copyright Infringement
I do not own any of the video clip,
illustrations and diagrams used in
this presentation, they belong to
the rightful owner. They have just
been used for better
understanding of the lesson.

45. PREPARED BY:
Mr. Rowel V. Engreso
Science Teacher