Internet of Things: Current Trends & Future Directions in Malaysia

1. Ir. Dr. Rosdiadee Nordin Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universi< Kebangsaan Malaysia Internet of Things: Current Trends & Future Direc6ons in Malaysia : adee@ukm.edu.my : hDps://sites.google.com/site/rosdiadee/ : hDp://my.linkedin.com/pub/rosdiadee-‐nordin

2. Innova<on in electronic fabrica<ons, affordable Internet-‐connected sensors, improvement in Internet connec<vity and adop<on of smart devices are four key elements that are driving the explosion of the Internet of Things (IoT). By 2020, it is expected that 33 billion of objects will be connected via the Internet (ra<o of 1 user : 4.12 objects) and brings $14 trillion of economic benefit globally. The total data generated is forecasted at 40 zeDabytes, which is five <mes bigger than the data we generated in 2015. It is obvious that IoT will bring a significant impact by transforming our daily rou<ne and business into the digital world. Currently, IoT technologies adop<on is immature. In Malaysia, 72.2% of the popula<on can have Internet access in 2015. Despite this immaturity, there is a posi<ve indica<on across a wide range of applica<ons starts to take place in Malaysia. The main aim of this talk is to explore the emerging trends in IoT deployment with focus on techno-‐business and quality of life improvement. Recent advances around the world and Malaysia will be highlighted from the selected case studies. Poten<al IoT applica<ons in Malaysia will be suggested based on the preliminary research findings. The talk will be concluded with open issues and future direc<ons of IoT in Malaysia.

3. Internet of Toaster (IoT) •  Born at US conference, 1989 when John Romkey challenged to build Internet-‐ready toaster •  Debut same conference a year later, robo<c arm added a year later •  Def.: Connec<ng devices over the Internet & talk to each other •  Term Internet of Things introduced by a senior exec at P&G, Kevin Ashton in 1999

4. Percentage of Households with Internet, Developing Countries, 2014 % OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH INTERNET 5 Singapore 88.0 10 Brunei 79.2 16 Malaysia 65.5 49 Thailand 33.8 53 Indonesia 29.1 [ITU, ‘The State of Broadband 2015’, Sept 2015]

5. Phone to Environments Case Studies Drones Smart Grid Sports & Well Beings Internet of Vehicles Smart Village

6. Case Study 1: Drones •  Department of Civil Engineering, Uni. of Illinois •  Construc<on work monitoring by Drones •  Capture video footage of monitored area •  Update the work plan for future extension Will Knight, "New Boss on Construc<on Sites Is a Drone", MIT Technology Review, August 26, 2015 [ Online] “Nokia Networks, du ﬁrst in UAE to use telco drones for beDer network planning & faster op<miza<on”, July, 2015 [Online] “Nokia Networks is exploring the poten<al uses of drones in the telecoms industry and, at Mobile World Congress 2015, triggered the discussion on mul<ple use cases including tower inspec<on, network op<miza<on, LoS and radio planning with drones”

7. Case Study 1: Drones

8. Case Study 2: Smart Grid TNB Smart Grid Projects Starts June 2014 TNB chief corporate oﬃcer Datuk Roslan Ab Rahman said the ini<a<ve will see the instalment of 1,000 smart grid advance meters both in Putrajaya and Malacca throughout the one-‐year period of the pilot project. “Currently we are conduc<ng preliminary studies and prepara<ons on the scheme as to when we can announced it this June, the implementa<on and the monitoring part of the project will be smooth,” he told a news conference at the Energy Eﬃciency for Sustainable Business Seminar 2014 in Putrajaya yesterday. [Metering Interna<onal, April 24, 2014 ]

9. Case Study 3: Wearables

10. Case Study 3: Wearables

11. Case Study 3: Wireless Bicycle Sensors First Wireless Cyclocomputer, early 90s First Patent on Mechanical Cyclocomputer, 1895 IEEE 802.11: 1997 IEEE 802.15 WPAN: 2002 IEEE 802.15.4: 2003 Sadik Gharghan, Rosdiadee Nordin and Mahamod Ismail, "A Survey on Energy Eﬃcient Wireless Sensor Networks for Bicycle Performance Monitoring Applica<on", Journal of Sensors, 2014

12. Speed, cadence & torque real-‐Fme measurements @ Cheras Velodrome Xbee S1 coordinator node during measurements Xbee S1 router node during measurements RF module (Xbee S1) Dout USB cable Coach laptop Coordinator node Speed and cadence sensor node +3.7 V Router node Tx Regulator +3.3V Arduino nano Atmega 328p RF module (Xbee pro s1) DinDout Rx Schematic diagram level 1 meter 32 - 64 meters Hardware level Torque sensor node Torque measurement Speed and cadence measurement

13. Speed, cadence, torque measurements in real Fme Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail, "An Ultra-‐ Low Power Wireless Sensor Network for Bicycle Torque Performance Measurements", Sensors, 2015, 15(5): 11741-‐11768 Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail, "Energy-‐Eﬃcient ZigBee-‐based Wireless Sensor Network for Track Bicycle Performance Monitoring", Sensors, 2014; 14(8):15573-‐15592 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121 133 145 157 169 181 193 205 217 229 241 253 265 277 289 301 313 Speed(km/h) Cadence(RPM) Time (seconds) Cadence without RCD algorithm Cadence of SRM Speed without RCD algorithm Speed of SRM 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Power(watt) Torque(N.m) Time (seconds) Measured torque SRM torque Measured power SRM power

14. Proposed system to transfer data from sensors to the anchor node (outdoor and indoor velodromes) 150m 315m 65m235m 320m 333m 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m 80m 90m 110m 100m 120m 130m140m160m170m 180m 190m 200m 210m 220m 230m 240m 250m 260m 280m 270m 290m 300m 310m Pursuit line 32m32m 65m65m 64m Run-off 1m wide Safety zone 3.5m wide Track 7m wide Mobile node Coordinator node (anchor node 1) Pursuit line 64m Anchor node 2 Anchor node 3 Second halfFirst half Router AN1(coach) Main door Side door Route node 34 m 36m 46.5 m Fitness hall Exit doorGym room SeatsSeats AN3 AN2 16m 25m O.5m 1m 1m AN4 1m 1m 5m O.5m AN5 10m AN6 1m 1m 5m 10m 15m 20m 25m 30m 32m 33.2m 37.6m 40m 43.8m

15. Measurement accuracy 1.0E-5 1.0E-4 1.0E-3 1.0E-2 1.0E-1 1.0E+0 1.0E+1 1.0E+2 1.0E+3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 RMSE,logscale Distance (m) outdoor LNSM Indoor LNSM Outdoor PSO-ANN Indoor PSO-ANN RMSE based on LNSM and Hybrid PSO-ANN 17.55 9.102 0.5 0.087 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 LNSM (indoor) LNSM (outdoor) Hybrid PSO_ANN (indoor) Hybrid PSO_ANN (outdoor) RMSEinmeters Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail, "Accurate Wireless Sensor Localiza<on Technique based on Hybrid PSO-‐ ANN Algorithm for Indoor and Outdoor Track Cycling", IEEE Sensors Journal [ In Press]

16. IF Akyildiz, JM Jornet, “The Internet of nano-‐things”, IEEE Wireless Communica>ons, 2010, 17(6): 58-‐63 Cited by 123 ar<cles Future in Healthcare

17. Case Study 4: Internet of Vehicles •  Google done trials at various loca<ons around the world •  Summer 2015 clocked 1 million miles •  14 minor crashes, human fault!

18. Case Study 4: Internet of Vehicles •  Apple aims to release its ﬁrst car in 2019 [Wall Street Journal] •  Project Titan, 600 staﬀ (& increasing) •  Durable baDeries! Will be years before the Apple or Google cars avail •  As the technology progress, smart cars will •  Check oil, water, tyre pressure, etc •  Contact workshop for service or repairs (<ming belt) •  Access to diary for service (at <me suits you)

19. Case Study 4: Internet of Vehicles Gateless gantry system on trial at TPM Bukit Jalil, to be deployed by 2018 [ Paultan.org ]

20. Case Study 4: Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) CommunicaFon •  Offers different type of applica<ons: •  Safety applica<on •  Traffic efficiency applica<on •  Informa<on/entertainment (Infotainment) applica<on •  Efficient mobility management is required •  unique vehicular environment characteris<cs (e.g., high velocity and traffic density) Mohammed Balfaqih, Mahamod Ismail, Rosdiadee Nordin, Zain Balfaqih, "Proxy Mobile IPv6 Handover Management in Vehicular Networks: State of the Art, Taxonomy and Direc<ons for Future Research", Wireless Personal Communica>ons, 2015, 84(2): 1509-‐1534

21. Predic6ve Movement Detec<on Next AR Predica<on Network Ini<ated Distributed Par<ally Distributed Fully Distributed Proac6ve Binding Registra<on Tunnel Establishment Traﬃc Buﬀering 802.21 MIH Function Protocol and Device Hardware Applications Connection Management 802.11p LTE-Advanced WiMAX L2 Triggers and Events Information Service Distributed Mobility Management Smart Triggers Information Service Handover Messages Handover Management Handover Policy Handover Messages IEEE802.21IETF Fast handover Distributed Mobility Management Solu<on (FDMM) Case Study 4: Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) CommunicaFon

22. Case Study 4: Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) CommunicaFon Mohammed Balfaqih, Mahamod Ismail, Rosdiadee Nordin, Abd Alrazak Rahem, Zain Balfaqih, "Fast Handover Solu<on for Network-‐Based Distributed Mobility Management in Intelligent Transporta<on Systems”, Ad-‐Hoc Networks [Under Review]

23. OpportuniFes: FiQh GeneraFon Network [ Huawei, “5G: A Technology Vision” ]

24. OpportuniFes: FiQh GeneraFon Network

25. Malaysia 5G CommiRee Members OpportuniFes: FiQh GeneraFon Network

26. The World in 2025: 8 PredicFons for the Next 10 Years (1/3) •  A $1,000 Human Brain •  Computer able to calculate at 10,000 trillion cycles/sec, equiv processing speed of human brain •  A Trillion-‐Sensor Economy •  Cisco es<mates $19 trillion will be generated •  Perfect Knowledge •  Data everywhere! The World in 2025: 8 Predic<ons for the Next 10 Years, By Peter Diamandis ON May 11, 2015, SingularityHUB [Online]

27. The World in 2025: 8 PredicFons for the Next 10 Years (2/3) •  8 Billion Hyper-‐Connected People •  Facebook (Internet.org), SpaceX, Google (Project Loon), Qualcomm and Virgin (OneWeb): global connec<vity at 1 Mbps •  Disrup<on of Healthcare •  $3.8 trillion, new business dematerialize, demone<ze & democra<ze today’s bureaucra<c & ineﬃcient system •  Augmented and Virtual Reality •  Facebook (Oculus), Google (Magic Leap), Microsoy (Hololens), Sony, Qualcomm, HTC The World in 2025: 8 Predic<ons for the Next 10 Years, By Peter Diamandis ON May 11, 2015, SingularityHUB [Online]

28. The World in 2025: 8 PredicFons for the Next 10 Years (3/3) •  Early Days of JARVIS •  Next-‐genera<on AI systems to listen to conversa<ons, read emails & bio data •  Cryptocurrency •  BitCoin The World in 2025: 8 Predic<ons for the Next 10 Years, By Peter Diamandis ON May 11, 2015, SingularityHUB [Online]

29. Takeaway… •  Progress on IoT at global level with speciﬁc focus to Malaysia •  Adapta<on at infancy •  Opportuni<es & challenges at physical media & network infrastructure •  Future poten<als & applica<ons

30. Thank you! Ques<ons?

31. Sequels… •  Opportuni<es, challenges and future direc<ons in TV White Space •  World TV White Space Technology & Digital Inclusion Conference 2015 •  Organizer: WhiteSpace Alliance & Dynamic Spectrum Alliance •  Date: 29th October 2015 •  Venue: Lebua at State Tower, Bangkok, Thailand •  Energy Eﬃcient Cellular Base Sta<ons based on the Characteris<cs of Malaysia’s Solar Radia<on Exposure •  Organizer: Ins<tu<on of Engineers Malaysia (IEM) •  Date: 12th November 2015 •  Venue: Wisma IEM

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