1) MBF Tower, Penang Malaysia - The MBF Tower is located in Penang, Malaysia. The year of completion of this project was 1994. MBF Tower is designed by TR Hamzah and Yeang Architects, it is a 31-storey building. Till six stories building is occupied with conditioned office space and rest are naturally ventilated residential flats. Total height of the building is 111.1 meters. The climate of the Penang Malaysia Is tropical warm and humid. The total area of the site is 7482.39 Sq.mt. 2) Moulmein Rise, Singapore - It is located in Novena, Singapore. The year of completion of this project was 2003. This is designed by WOHA Architects, it is a 28-storey fully residential building. The building contains 48 typical apartments and 2 penthouse apartments. The ground floor contains a 50-metre lap-swimming pool cascading over three levels, a tropical garden, a small gym and an underground car parking area for 52 cars. The climate of the Penang Malaysia Is tropical warm and humid. The total area of the site is 2340 sq. m and ground floor area is 230 sq. m . Total combined Floor area is 6491 sq. m .

1. KEY INFORMATION
Project: MBF Tower
Year of completion: 1994
Location: Latitude of 5.2° N and Longitude of 100.2° E,
Penang, Malaysia
Climate: ‘Tropical warm & humid
Architect: TR Hamzah and Yeang
Client: MB FHOLDINGS BERHAD
Site Area: 7482.39 Sq.mt
Site and situation: City landscape surrounded by low
rise and high rise structures
Prevailing wind direction: from south-west and
northeast
Type: Mixed (office & Residential)
Building height: 111.1 meters
Number of storey: 31 (Till six stories building is
occupied With conditioned office, space and rest are
naturally ventilated residential flats)
Structure: Reinforced Concrete
ARCHITECT’S DESIGN IDEAS
• Tropical high-rise design ideas
• Cut outs in the building acting as Sky Courts
• Units are separated from the lift core for all-round cross-ventilation
• The typical open floor plans are designed to be column free and cross
ventilated
• Stepped planters on the facade of the building
• Units are seaward facing on western edge.
SITE MICRO CLIMATE ANALYSIS
As per the Climate Classification chart, the site falls in
the tropical climate, which is warm, sunny and humid,
along with high rainfall especially during the southwest
monsoon from April to September. The climate shows no
distinct hot or cold seasons with a little seasonal and
diurnal
TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
PRECIPITATION
WIND
Showing yearly pre
dominant wind
directions
MBF TOWER, PENANG MALAYSIA
Built Form and Orientation
Muscular rectangular form with four blocks in one floor and exposed column holding the
gigantic built structure is oriented approximately north south, facing towards sea on
northeast. Optimum orientation of each space to prevailing breeze and strong linkage
between leeward and windward sides strengthen the utilization of the pressure difference
to facilitate cross ventilation,
Showing Sun-Path
diagram cover MBF
Tower
NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
Sun path diagram
Winter solstice
Sun path diagram
Equinox
Sun path diagram
Summer solstice
GROUP – 11 ROHIT SAXENA (196035), 3rd Year, NIT HAMIRPUR

2. MBF TOWER, PENANG MALAYSIA
ROHIT SAXENA (196035), 3rd Year, NIT HAMIRPUR
PLANS
The plan is oriented in such way; both sides i.e.
north east and north side walls of the flat get
maximum benefits from north easterly prevailing
wind and vice versa for south westerly wind. The
width and depth of each flat is at 1:2 ratios. The
north east facing flats are having floor area of 74.4
sq.mt and southwest facing flats has area of 69sq.m
with width and depth aspect ratio of 1:2 with
maximum width of 5.2m.
Typical Residential Floor Plan
Ground Level Floor Plan Podium Level Plan
Typical Podium Level Roof Plan
Front and Side elevation of the MBF Tower
NATURAL VENTILATION STRATEGY
The main objective of the wind induced
natural ventilation principle was to
generate high air-changes to achieve
comfort conditions by controlling indoor
temperature and airflow rate. Minimum
use of internal partitions and maximum
number of (single, double and three
sided)‘openings in each room facilitate the
wind induced cross ventilation. Window
Openings are placed with respect to
windward and leeward side of the
building, which enhance the airflow rate in
the habitable spaces. In this regard, the
exposed ‘mega structure” is the first
building of its own kind that exploits wind-
induced natural ventilation not only for
the purpose of air-displacement and fresh
air supply but also to create indoor
thermal comfort for the residents.

3. MBF TOWER, PENANG MALAYSIA
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
• Effect of orientation of the building block with respect to the prevailing wind direction.
Building is situated
at 250m away from
the sea and the
northeast wind hits
the building front
face at an angle of
75°.
THE TOP-LEVEL PLAN OF THE TOWER.
• Effect of sky court
• Effect of Orientation
CONCLUSION
• The building’s natural ventilation strategy is generally
successful in relation to its form, orientation and the
prevailing wind directions.
• Sky courts enhance the indoor airflow rate.
• Seashore areas get benefit from the daytime sea breeze,
which maximize speed in the afternoon, and night-time
land breeze, which provides thermal comfort of low
temperature and higher wind speed.
• . Insertion of transitional spaces acts like isolated
bungalows.
• Orientation of the tower enhances the effectiveness of
wind induced cross ventilation as the tower is having
openings towards the prevailing wind direction.
• Oblique wind enhances the indoor airflow rate
• When the wind changes direction northeast to
southwest, wind would still hit the southwestern building
blocks at an oblique angle of 75°.
• The higher air-changes per hour are facilitated with both
vertical and horizontal floor gaps and slots.
• Only two flats have a good sea view and direct sea
breezes out of the four flats in each floor.
• Green terrace gardens are maintained, which might help
to cool the tower during afternoon time.
• Each apartment blocks have proper cross ventilation, but
it has the option for air-conditioning.
Northeast pre dominant wind direction with
respect to tower
Southwest pre dominant wind direction with
respect to tower
Further investigation and suggestions
• Due to its form, orientation and location, the effectiveness of wind induced
natural ventilation strategy applied can be highly reliable.
• Stepped terrace gardens could enhance the effectiveness of natural ventilation.
• The central core could be utilized as a wind-trapping zone, which can enhance
the indoor airflow rate.
Showing Vertical
Landscape
Sky Court
Showing the Central Core of the Tower
ROHIT SAXENA (196035), 3rd Year, NIT HAMIRPUR

4. MOULMEIN RISE, SINGAPORE
ROHIT SAXENA (196035), 3rd Year, NIT HAMIRPUR

5.  Total 50 apartments.
 Two apartments per Floor.
 Each having area 95 m2.
 Lift & stair core at centre.
 Living & dining spaces facing
South.
 Bedrooms and kitchen facing
North.
ROHIT SAXENA (196035), 3rd Year, NIT HAMIRPUR

6.  With two apartments per floor, the slender tower
designed properly to allow cross ventilation as well as
single sided ventilation.
 The building is oriented North-South for optimized
environmental performance with minimum solar gain and
maximum cooling potential.
 The north facade is cladded with sliding perforated panels
to maximize the solar shading as well as natural
ventilation.
 Deep overhangs on the facades (1 meter on the north and
0.6 meter with vertical sunscreens on the south) provide
shading from the direct sun and help keep out driving
rain.
 This building incorporates monsoon windows –horizontal
openings that let in the breeze but not the rain.
ROHIT SAXENA (196035), 3rd Year, NIT HAMIRPUR

7. MOULMEIN RISE, SINGAPORE
CONCLUSION
• The building’s wind induced natural ventilation strategy is generally
successful in relation to its form, orientation, solar exposure and the
prevailing wind directions.
• For most of the period the natural ventilation strategy could not be
applied to achieve indoor thermal comfort for Singapore climate.
• during most of the time, it is possible to have indoor thermal comfort
with indoor air speed of 2 m/s for Singapore.
• Variable openings help the occupants to control their indoor
environment.
• It enhance indoor airflow rate, due to large opening in the south living
room ,however the high airflow rate due to high wind speeds at high
altitudes might cause discomfort for the residents.
• Central core is also naturally cross ventilated which consumes less
energy.
• From vernacular design ideas, the horizontal “monsoon window”
designed by taking inspiration to keeps the rain out, while allowing
continuous cool breeze into the indoor space.
• The materials choice used in the tower is equally the Smart especially
the perforated sunscreen, which allows indoor airflow by keeping the
rain out.
• The cross ventilation strategy mainly done by wind force.
• In a tall building, since wind speeds are much amplified on the sky
garden, which enhance indoor airflow as well as air permeability is lack
in the Moulmein Rise tower.
Façade of the Tower
Façade of the Tower with
sun screen
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
• Natural ventilation strategy applied in the tower can be
highly reliable for the full year except certain time
especially during the afternoon and evening time of the
summer months.
• To get indoor thermal comfort, dehumidification might
help during high humidity period.
• Hence, minimizing the solar radiation and maximizing
the opening in the prevailing wind direction and
especially in the west and east facade might improve
the effectiveness of wind-induced ventilation in the
tower.
ROHIT SAXENA (196035), 3rd Year, NIT HAMIRPUR