wire less communication

1. PRESENT STATUS OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
4G ( WIRELESS COMMUNICATION) : Also known as “Beyond 3G”, 4G refers to the
fourth generation of wireless communications. The deployment of 4G networks should be in the
2010-2015 timeframe and will enable another leap in wireless data-rate and spectral efficiency.
ITU has specified IMT-A (IMT-Advanced) for 4G standards.
4G is an all IP-based integrated system is capable to provide 100 Mbps for high mobility and 1
Gbps for low mobility , with end-to-end QoS and high security.
Key Components & Technologies in 4G:
MIMO : MIMO, in contrast to traditional communication systems, takes advantage of multipath
propagation to increase throughput, range/coverage, and reliability. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple
Output) systems use spatial multiplexing, wherein multiple transmitting antennas and multiple
receiving antennas are used.
OFDM : In OFDM, digital signal itself is split into different narrowband frequencies, modulated by
data and then re-multiplexed to create the OFDM carrier. The main benefit of OFDM is high
spectral efficiency, high immunity to RF interference, and lower multi-path distortion. Another key
advantage of OFDM is that it dramatically reduces equalization complexity by enabling
equalization in the frequency domain.

2. UPCOMING WIRELESS NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES
5G (2025) : As compared to previous generations of networks, this new generation of wireless tech
is expected to offer more speed, lower latency and the ability to connect more devices, such as IoT
devices. Speeds of one Gigabit per second (Gbps) are expected to be typical, but it could potentially get
as fast as 10 Gbps.
5G will run on two different kinds of frequencies. Low-frequency 5G will use existing Wi-Fi and cellular
bands and get its speed from more flexible encoding and larger channel sizes. Other types of 5G will
run at frequencies as high as 28 to 39 Gigahertz (GHz), which aren’t currently heavily used.
6G (2028/2030) : The 6G network, ComSenTer says, will operate at frequencies of 100 GHz to 1
terahertz (THz) and offer speeds of up to 100 Gbps with very low latency. According to the researchers,
6G will be able to handle hundreds or even thousands of simultaneous connections. Overall, the system
should be able to offer more capacity with lower power requirements.
MASSIVE MIMO ANTENNAS (2030) : Massive multiple input, multiple output (MIMO)
antennas will be an important technology for enabling 5G and eventually 6G networks. Instead of
having just a few antennas at each end of a link, a Massive MIMO system has a much larger
number of antennas. This enables multiple signals to travel over the same radio channel at the
same time, meaning that the capacity of the system is much higher.

3. Li-Fi (2032): Another exciting future wireless technology is Li-Fi, which is similar to Wi-Fi but
uses visible light waves instead of radio waves to send data.
Using Li-Fi would be advantageous for many reasons. It offers increased sped and improved
security. In lab tests, it has reached speeds of 224 Gbps. In the field test in Estonia, it hit 1
Gigabyte per second (GBps).
Wireless Charging (2035) : Our world is also becoming wireless in ways that go beyond
communications. Wireless charging has now become available, and the technology is quickly
improving. Current wireless charging isn’t truly wireless, as it requires plugging the charger into
the wall. You can then lay your device on the charging mat or plate without having to use wires to
connect it to the charger. The devices still need to be in contact with the charger though.
WHAT WILL THESE NEW TECHNOLOGIES ENABLE?
These upcoming wireless technologies will power our future. Communications technologies play
a significant role in our current lives, and these new technologies will bring new and improved
capabilities, which will likely make them even more of a staple in our daily routines. Individuals,
businesses, not-for-profits, governments and other organizations will all benefit from these
innovations. They will help both those in developing and developed countries to improve their
economies and standards of living.