Tobacco cultivation has a history of over 8,000 years. It was introduced in India by Portuguese traders in 1600 and became a valuable commodity. Over time, tobacco was assimilated into Indian culture due to its perceived medicinal properties and addictiveness. India is now the world's second largest producer and consumer of tobacco. Tobacco plays a significant economic role but also has high social costs due to health issues associated with consumption.

1. Robin Christian
11PGDM003

2.  Tobacco cultivation has a history of about 8000 years.
 Portuguese traders introduced tobacco in India during
1600. Tobacco became a valuable commodity in barter
trade and its use spread rapidly.
 Gradually tobacco got assimilated into the cultural rituals
and social fabric due to presumed medicinal and actually
addictive properties attributed to it.

3.  It was to discover a sea route to this fabled
land, reputed for its spices, silk and gems,
that Christopher Columbus set sail in 1492.

4.  A cigarette is a product consumed
through smoking and manufactured out
of cured and finely cut tobacco leaves and
reconstituted tobacco, often combined with
other additives, then rolled or stuffed into a
paper-wrapped cylinder (generally less than
120 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter). The
cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to
smoulder for the purpose of inhalation of its
smoke from the other (usually filtered) end,
which is inserted in the mouth.

5.  Tobacco cultivation has sustained despite social
disapproval because of domestic demand (beedi
tobacco) and the international market (flue-cured Virginia
tobacco).
 Tobacco plays a significant role in the Indian economy
as it contributes substantially in terms of excise revenue,
export revenue and employment.
 India is the world’s second largest producer of tobacco
and also the second largest consumer of
unmanufactured tobacco. It is a major exporter of
unmanufactured tobacco.
 The total social costs of tobacco products exceed the
direct outlay on them, owing to morbidity, mortality and
negative externalities associated with the consumption
of tobacco products.

8. 1. European Union ... 18.1% of world total
2. Brazil ... 16.6%
3. United States ... 9.9%
4. Zimbabwe ... 9.1%
5. Turkey ... 6.5%
6. China ... 5.6%
7. India ... 5.5%
8. Malawi ... 5.3%
9. Russia ... 3.9%
10. Other European countries ... 2.0%

9. 1. China ... 2.66 million tonnes (38% of world total
7 million tonnes)
2. European Union ... 0.71 million tonnes (10.2%)
3. India ... 0.52 million tonnes (7.4%)
4. Russia ... 0.44 million tonnes (6.4%)
5. United States ... 0.43 million tonnes (6.2%)
6. Brazil ... 0.23 million tonnes (3.3%)
7. Japan ... 0.18 million tonnes (2.6%)
8. Indonesia ... 0.17 million tonnes (2.4%)
9. Turkey ... 0.14 million tonnes (2%)
10. Pakistan ... 0.10 million tonnes (1.4%)

10.  India is the second largest producer of tobacco in
the world. China and the USA rank first and third,
respectively, in terms of tobacco cultivation.
 In 2000–2001, the contribution of tobacco to the
Indian economy was to the extent of Rs 81,820
million, which accounted for about 12% of the total
excise collections. Foreign exchange earnings
during the same period were Rs 9030 million,
accounting for 4% of India’s total agricultural
exports.

11.  Even the growing awareness of health risks
isn't stopping global tobacco consumption,
particularly in the fast-growing BRIC nations
(Brazil, Russia, India & China). In addition to
leading the world in tobacco consumption as
shown below, China is also the world's
foremost cigarette-consuming country.

12.  Globally, tobacco output rose from 4.2
million tonnes in 1971 to an annual average
of 6.9 million tonnes in 1998-2000.
 The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
of the United Nations projects that world
tobacco leaf production will reach 7.1 million
tonnes by 2010, although tobacco leaf
production in developed nations including the
U.S. will fall.

13.  The government receives a huge amount of
taxes from cigarettes companies and it
actually uses the money to help fund the
welfare program, which a lot of people can
benefit from.
 When we think of tobacco, the first things
that come to mind are cigarettes, second-
hand smoke, lung cancer and early death.
 The benefits of tobacco are evident to
farmers who use their land for growing the
cash crop.

14.  Decreased lung capacity
 Increased risk of many health conditions just to name a
few big ones
◦ Heart disease
◦ Coronary Artery Disease
◦ Lung Cancer
◦ Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
◦ Emphysema
◦ Spending money
◦ Trouble breathing, shortness of breath
◦ Decreased immune system response
◦ Decreased oxygen to tissues throughout the body

15.  cigarette smoking is a dependence, which causes
an addiction that is difficult to break.
 The long-term affects result in tobacco related
diseases, which negatively affects the cigarette
smoker.
 However everyone who is exposed to 2nd hand
cigarette smoke also becomes a passive smoker
by default.
 More than 47,000 Canadians will die prematurely
each year due to tobacco use. Almost 8,000 non-
smokers die each year from exposure to second-
hand smoke.