2. Caught in the Network
A research on the effects of the contemporary economic centrality in Am-
sterdam North on its adjacent residential neighbourhoods
Robin Boelsums
1275267
4 Nov 2011
P1 - Complex Cities
Sources: Butler, 2010 Mentor: R.Rocco
3. Sections
Global
Trends
Local
Global vs. Local
Examples
Project location
Location
Future plans
main problems
Problem Statement
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim
Aim + RQ
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methodology
Methodology
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
Next steps
First steps
4. Global
Trends
Local
Global vs. Local
In practice
Project location
Location
Future plans
main problems
Problem Statement
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim
Aim + RQ
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methodology
Methodology
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
Next steps
First steps
5. Trends Global
Global businesses Network society/city Local
Globalisation
cluster in nodes in Global & regional disconnectedness
+ Neoliberalism
metropolitan areas connections
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Source: Globe 2008 Source: Wikipedia 2008 Source: author 2011 Source: author 2011
6. Trends Local
Deprived areas
500 deprived social housing estates
18 criteria (NL)
1. Income
2. Job
Social Segregation Spatial 3. Education
4. Small dwellings
inequality inequality 5. Old dwellings
6. Cheap dwellings
7. Vandalism
8. Vandalism
9. Social nuisance
Exclusion Concentration Exclusion 10. Social nuisance
of people of poverty of places 11. Unsafety
12. Satisfaction dwelling
13. Satisfaction neigh-
bourhood
14. Moving tendency
Less attractive for investments Economic problems for estate owners 15. Sound nuisance
Less attractive for house hunters Social stigmatisation 16. Waste
Reduces private and public services Insecurity 17. Traffic
Decline of physical environment Increases social expenses for local 18. Safety
Increases crime authorities
Source: Skifter Andersen 2004 Source: Rijksoverheid 2007
7. Trends Global vs. Local
Globalisation
Establishment of Strong regional
economic cen- infrastructural net-
tralities work
Social Spatial
Segregation
inequality inequality
Exclusion Concentration Exclusion
of people of poverty of places
Source: Skifter Andersen 2004
8. Trends In practice
Canary Wharf, London
Bird’s eye view Deprived areas + Canary Wharf
Source: www.som.com Source: Mapstube
9. Trends In practice
Zuidas Amsterdam
Segregation Inequality
Source: Google maps 2008 Source: Google maps 2008
10. Global
Trends
Local
Global vs. Local
In practice
Project location
Location
Future plans
main problems
Problem Statement
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim
Aim + RQ
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methodology
Methodology
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
Next steps
First steps
13. Location Centralities
Ideas 1960s Critique
Industry and offices Slowly becomes
multifunctional
Monofunctional
Still excluded from
Seperated from adjacent problem
residential neigh- area
bourhoods by train
tracks Together with
Schiphol and Zui-
das it forms the
‘economic motor’ of
Amsterdam
1960s - Amsterdam ArenA
Utrecht
Source: Bruijne et al 2010
14. Zaanstad
Beverwijk
Location Centralities
IJmuiden Monnickendam
Ideas 1982 Zaandam Critique
Large, attractive Not many invest-
business district ments
Bloemendaal
Bank offices District remained
small
Haarlem Good connections,
potential for devel- Almer
opment
Diemen
Hoofddorp Schiphol Amstelveen Weesp Naarden
Hillegom
Bussum
Nieuw-Vennep 1982 - Sloterdijk Teleport
e
Uithoorn Utrecht
Sources: Jolles et al 2003
15. Zaanstad
Beverwijk
Location Centralities
IJmuiden Monnickendam
Ideas 1998 Zaandam Critique
Demand from mar- Inflexible
ket (ABN Amro)
Bloemendaal
Too long time hori-
Highrise zon
International attrac- Too monofunctional
Haarlem
tion
Programme: Almer
Multifunctional 1,100,000 m2 offices
9000 dwellings
Programme: Diemen
650,000 m2 offices
1450 dwellings
(400 in 2010)
Hoofddorp Schiphol Amstelveen Weesp Naarden
Hillegom
Bussum
Nieuw-Vennep 1998 - Zuidas
e
Uithoorn Utrecht
Sources: Salet, Majoor 2005
16. Zaanstad
Beverwijk
Location Centralities
IJmuiden Monnickendam
Ideas 2005 Zaandam Critique
Multifunctional That’s the question
working, living
Bloemendaal
High rise office buil-
gins
Haarlem housing 20 %
Social
Almer
Development of IJ
banks
Diemen
Programme:
2200 dwellings
Work 60,000m2
Facilities Hoofddorp
20,000m2 Schiphol Amstelveen Weesp Naarden
Hillegom
Bussum
Nieuw-Vennep 2005 - Amsterdam North
e
Uithoorn Utrecht
Sources: Gemeente Amsterdam
17. Location Project location
Volewijck
Prewar garden village
Deprived neighbourhood
- high unsafety rate
- high % low income
- 73% social housing
Source: TU Delft maps 2011 Source: author 2011
18. Location Project location
Overhoeks
Economic centrality
Since 2005
Programme:
- 2200 dwellings
- facilities 20,000 m2
- work 80,000 m2
Source: TU Delft maps 2011 Source: author 2011
20. Location Future plans
Noord-Zuidlijn
Source: TU Delft maps 2011; Gemeente Amsterdam 2011
Source: Gemeente Amsterdam 2011
21. Global
Trends
Local
Global vs. Local
In practice
Project location
Location
Future plans
main problems
Problem Statement
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim
Aim + RQ
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methodology
Methodology
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
Next steps
First steps
22. Problem statement Main problems
Spatial
Inequality
disconnectedness
€€ Social Segregation
Spatial
inequality inequality
€€
€ €€ Exclusion Concentration Exclusion
of people of poverty of places
€
€€ Segregation scheme (Skifter Andersen, 2004)
€€€
€€
Local segregation (author, 2011)
23. Problem Statement Main problems
Lack of
opportunities
“There is no straitforward link between
city and neighbourhood fortunes”
(Mumford, Lupton 1999:30)
Weakness: neighbourhood cannot benefit
from adjacent opportunities
Threat: this may increase inequality
Visible in segregation, but also in pro-
gramme.
Source: Author 2011
24. Problem Statement Main problems
Lack of
opportunities
Source: Author 2011
30. Problem statement Segregation
Economic inequality
Work sectors
Q gezondheids- en welzijnszorg
P onderwijs
O overheid
OVERHOEKS N overige zakelijke dienstverlening
M advisering en onderzoek
L handel, verhuur onroerend goed
K financiële instellingen
J informatie en communicatie Amsterdam
I horeca Noord
H transport en logistiek
Workers in own district or elsewhere G handel
F bouwnijverheid
E waterwinning en afvalverwerking
D energiebedrijven
C industrie
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0
High % construction workers &
industry
20% social housing 73% social housing
80% rent + owner occupied 4% rent
23% owner occupied
Source: Dienst Onderzoek en Statistiek 2011 VOLEWIJCK
31. Problem statement Segregation
Economic inequality
Income 2007
Rent prices:
€900-2400/month
OVERHOEKS
Economic activities concentrated in Overhoeks
Source: Dienst Onderzoek en Statistiek 2007
Source: Palmbout 2005 VOLEWIJCK
32. Problem statement Segregation
Social inequality
Unsafety
OVERHOEKS
Safety
Source: Dienst Onderzoek en Statistiek (2011)
Source: Palmbout 2005 VOLEWIJCK
34. Problem Statement Segregation
Spatial disconnectedness
Source: author 2011; gemeente Amsterdam 2011 Source: TU Delft maps 2011
35. Problem statement Lack of opportunities
Focus on other centralities and cities in the region
Volendam
Purmerend
Zaanstad
Beverwijk
IJmuiden Monnickendam
Zaandam
Bloemendaal
Haarlem
Almere
Diemen
Hoofddorp Schiphol Amstelveen Weesp Naarden
Hillegom
Bussum
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Uithoorn Utrecht Laren
Source: author 2011
36. Global
Trends
Local
Global vs. Local
In practice
Project location
Location
Future plans
main problems
Problem Statement
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim
Aim + RQ
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methodology
Methodology
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
Next steps
First steps
37. Aim Aim
Volewijck
Social Spatial
Segregation
inequality inequality Create an economic sustain-
able residential neighbour-
hood that benefits from the
adjacent economic develop-
Exclusion Concentration Exclusion ment; prevent it from being
of people of poverty of places gentrified.
38. Aim Aim
Overhoeks
Retain the economic vitality,
image and attraction.
Create an easy scale jump,
from the global to the re-
gional to the local scale.
On what aspects should
1
the areas be equal and in-
equal?
39. Aim Main RQ
How can the residential neighbourhoods benefit from the adjacent
contemporary economic centrality in ‘Overhoeks’ Amsterdam North?
40. Aim Main RQ
How can the residential neighbourhoods benefit from the adjacent
contemporary economic centrality in ‘Overhoeks’ Amsterdam North?
Volendam
Purmerend
Zaanstad
Beverwijk
IJmuiden Monnickendam
Zaandam
Bloemendaal
Haarlem
Almere
Diemen
Hoofddorp Schiphol Amstelveen Weesp Naarden
Hillegom
Bussum
Nieuw-Vennep
Lisse
Uithoorn Utrecht Laren
41. Global
Trends
Local
Global vs. Local
In practice
Project location
Location
Future plans
main problems
Problem Statement
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim
Aim + RQ
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methodology
Methodology
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
Next steps
First steps
42. Methodology
RESEARCH
Inequality between
Overhoeks and Volewijck
CONTEXT Inequality Amsterdam Exclusion of Volewijck
caused by Overhoeks
DESIGN
Relevance
Process of Overhoeks and
its e ects
Strategy
- general
Inequality between cent-
rality and neighbourhood
Problem Disconnected- Case studies Exclusion of neighbour- Vision
Statement ness hood by centrality
Process of centrality and
- Amsterdam North
its e ects
Research Causes and e ects of
Design
Questions inequality - Key location
Lack of Literature
Causes and e ects of
opportunities exclusion
Process of centrality
I II III
43. Methodology Methods
Research Questions Mp SO DR SS GIS RD Lit
How can the surrounding residential neighbourhoods benefit from the
contemporary economic centrality in ‘Overhoeks’ Amsterdam North?
What forms the inequality between the Volewijck and Overhoeks?
Amsterdam
What causes the disconnectedness between the Volewijck and the
centrality?
What opportunities could residents have in the centrality and what
makes that they cannot benefit from it?
What effect does inequality have on residential areas adjacent to cen-
Case studies
tralities?
How can the contemporary economic centrality be spatially, socio-spa-
tially and economically connected to its residential neighbourhoods?
How can residential neighbourhoods benefit from an adjacent eco-
nomic centrality?
What effect does inequality have on the deprivation of residential ar-
eas?
Main method
Literature
What effect does disconnectedness have on the deprivation of resi-
dential areas?
How can residential neighbourhoods benefit from an adjacent eco-
nomic centrality? Submethod
CS = Case Studies DR = Data Research GIS = GIS Research RD = Research by Design
Mp = Maps SO = Site Observation SS = Space Syntax Lit = Literature
Source: author 2011
44. Global
Trends
Local
Global vs. Local
In practice
Project location
Location
Future plans
main problems
Problem Statement
Segregation
Lack of opportunities
Aim
Aim + RQ
Main research question
Sub research questions
Methodology
Methodology
Methods
Deliverables
Time schedule
Next steps
First steps
45. Next steps Time schedule
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Onderdeel Sep Oct P1 Nov Dec Jan P2 Feb Mar Apr P3 May P4 June P5
CONTEXT
Define context+structure
ANALYSIS+RESEARCH
Analysis A'dam
Research on location
LITERATURE
Literature study
Write paper
CASE STUDIES
Research+analysis
Draw conclusions
DELIVERABLES
Develop strategy
Develop vision
Develop design
Write thesis
Make presentation
Source: author 2011
46. Next steps First steps
Amsterdam Case studies Literature
Continue analysis Define cases studies Continue literature
based on criteria study
47. Thank you!
Questions?
Robin Boelsums
1275267
4 Nov 2011
P1 - Complex Cities
Mentor: R.Rocco
