Lugarawa SHPP

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(COOPERAZIONE RURALE IN AFRICA E AMERICA LATINA)
c/o Nazareth Center
P.O. Box 807, Njombe
Tel: +255 (0) 766752372
E-mail: davideceretti@acra.it
www.acra.it
Submitted to: The National Environment Management Council (NEMC)
Regent Estate, Plot No. 29/30
P.O Box 63154, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: +255 (022)2774889 or +255(022)2774852
Fax: +255 22 2774901
Email: secretarydg@nemc.or.tz; dg@nemc.or.tz
Prepared by: Julius M.S. Shilungushela
P.O Box 8295, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: +255 787 585854/ +255 713 482583
Email: shilungushela_j@yahoo.com/majiardhi@gmail.com
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) REPORT
FOR THE PROPOSED LUGARAWA SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT (1.7MW)
ON MADOPE RIVER, IN LUGARAWA VILLAGE AND TRANSMISION LINES PROJECT
WITHIN 20 VILLAGES OF LUDEWA DISTRICT, NJOMBE REGION, TANZANIA
SUBMITED: 6th April, 2016

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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACRACCS management, the proponent, wishes to thank Mr. Julius M. S Shilungushela
(Consultant) and his team who conducted the ESIA Study and provided all required support and
assistance. Also, the company management team would like to extend their sincere gratitude to
NEMC staff for providing the technical guidance which enabled the Consultant to address all
pertinent issues related to this study.
Furthermore, the company management team would like to appreciate the support provided
by the leaders, experts and other stakeholders at all levels in the project area, particularly for
sparing their time for discussions with our field study team and providing very useful comments
on the project; i.e., the Ludewa District Council Executive Director and experts; the District
Administrative Secretary; Ludewa District TANESCO Management and experts; Village Chair
Persons, WEOs and VEOs; and the villagers from all the twenty Villages in the project area.
Lastly but not least, the company management appreciates the assistance of several other
individuals who provided support in field data collection, analysis and technical report writing;
namely Mr. David Alloys, Mr. Modest Zachariah and Ms. Zainabu Kisina.

Lugarawa SHPP ESIA Report
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STUDY TEAM
S/No Name of the Expert Position/area of expertise Signature
1 Julius M.S Shilungushela EIA Team Leader (Registered EIA
Expert)
2 Robert O.J. Kibongolo Environmental Scientist

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ABBREVITIONS
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
BWO Basin Water Office
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CRB Contractors Registration Board
DOE Division of Environment
E&ECN Education and Enterprises College of Njombe
EEP Energy and Environment Partnership
EIA Environnemental Impact Assesment
EMA Environmental Management Act
ESMP Environnemental and Social Monitoring Plan
ERB Engineers Registration Board
EUE Energy User Entity
EWURA Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority
GPS Geographic Positioning System
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HSE Health Safety and Environment
JUWALU Jumuiya ya Watumiaji Umeme wa Lugarawa
kW Kilowatt
LNBWO Lake Nyasa Basin Water Office
MCHPCL MADOPE Community Hydro Power Company Ltd
MKUKUTA Mpango wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kuondoa Umaskini Tanzania
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MW Megawatt
NDO Njombe Development Organization
NEMC National Environmental Management Council
NGO Non-Government Organization
NIPP National Investment Promotion Policy
NSGPR National Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction
OSHA Occupational Safety Health Authority
PAP Project Affected Person
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
REA Rural Energy Agency
SHPP Small Hydropower Project
STDs Sexual Transmitted Diseases

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TANESCO Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
ToR Terms of Reference
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
URT United Republic of Tanzania
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
VEO Village Executive Officer
VPO Vice President Office
WEO Ward Executive Officer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
AKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................................................................i
STUDY TEAM ................................................................................................................................................. ii
ABBREVITIONS ............................................................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................... v
LIST OF FIGURE............................................................................................................................................xiii
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................................xiv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................ xv
CHAPTER ONE ...............................................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Project Background.................................................................................................................................1
1.2: Project Rationale....................................................................................................................................4
1.3: Scope of Work........................................................................................................................................6
1.4: Methodology of the Study.....................................................................................................................7
1.4.1 Literature review..................................................................................................................................7
1.4.2 Field site visit........................................................................................................................................7
1.4.3 Public consultation...............................................................................................................................7
1.4.4 Project Impact Assessment..................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................................10
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ..........................................................................................10
2.1: Project Location and Accessibility........................................................................................................10
2.2: Land acquisition...................................................................................................................................11
2.3: Project Components ............................................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Intake structures................................................................................................................................12
2.3.2 Plant head ..........................................................................................................................................13
2.3.3 Power Station.....................................................................................................................................14
2.3.4 Transmission and Distribution System...............................................................................................15
2.3.5 Access Roads......................................................................................................................................16
2.3.6 Construction Camp ............................................................................................................................17
2.3.7: Electromechanical Equipment..........................................................................................................17

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2.4 Capacity and Expected Energy Production and Demand......................................................................18
2.4.1 Capacity and expected energy production........................................................................................18
2.4.2 Energy demand..................................................................................................................................19
2.5 Environmental release and available flow for power generation ........................................................20
2.6 Project activities, management and services........................................................................................21
2.6.1 Project Activities ................................................................................................................................21
2.6.1.1: Mobilization & Designing Phase ....................................................................................................21
2.6.1.2: Construction Phase........................................................................................................................22
2.6.1.3: Operation Phase ............................................................................................................................22
2.6.1.4: Decommissioning Phase ................................................................................................................23
2.6.2 Project management and supporting service....................................................................................23
2.6.2.1 Water Supply...................................................................................................................................23
2.6.2.2 Energy supply..................................................................................................................................23
2.6.2.3 Waste management........................................................................................................................24
2.6.2.4 Staff.................................................................................................................................................25
2.6.2.5 Health and safety issues .................................................................................................................25
CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................................................26
3.0: POLICY, ADMINSTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK...........................................................................26
3.1 Overview of Legislation.........................................................................................................................26
3.2 National Policies and guidelines ...........................................................................................................26
3.2.1 The National Environmental Policy, 1997..........................................................................................26
3.2.2 The Energy Policy, 2003.....................................................................................................................27
3.2.3 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000 .................................................................28
3.2.4 National Land Policy of 1995 .............................................................................................................29
3.2.5 The National Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction II, 2010...................................................29
3.2.6 Rural Development Strategy, 2001....................................................................................................31
3.2.7 Tanzania Development Vision 2025...................................................................................................31
3.2.8 National Economic Empowerment Policy, 2004................................................................................31
3.2.9 National Policy on HIV/AIDS, 2001 ....................................................................................................32
3.2.10 National Water Policy, 2002 ............................................................................................................33

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3.1.11 Wildlife Policy, 1998.........................................................................................................................33
3.2.12 National Sustainable Industrial Development Policy, 1996.............................................................33
3.2.13 National Investment Promotion Policy, 1996..................................................................................34
3.2.14 National Employment Policy, 1997..................................................................................................34
3.2.15National Gender Policy, 2002 ...........................................................................................................34
3.2.16 National Forest Policy, 2000 ............................................................................................................34
3.2.17 Construction Industry Policy, 2003..................................................................................................35
3.2.18 National Agriculture Policy, 2013 ....................................................................................................35
3.3: Relevant Legal and Regulatory Framework.........................................................................................35
3.3.1: The Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004, Cap. 191 ......................................................35
3.3.2: Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Act Cap 414, 2001...............................................36
3.3.3: The Environment Impact Assessment & Audit Regulations G.N. No. 349 of 2005...........................37
3.3.4: Occupation Health and Safety Authority Act No.5, 2003 .................................................................37
3.3.5: Tanzania Investment Act Cap 38 of 2002 .........................................................................................37
3.3.6: Employment and Labor Relations Act No. 6 of 2004........................................................................37
3.3.7: The HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act of 2008..................................................................38
3.3.8: The Local Government Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act No. 4 (2000).................................38
3.3.9: National Land Use Planning Commission Act No. 2 of 2007.............................................................38
3.3.10 Land Act Cap 113, (No. 4 of 1999) ...................................................................................................39
3.3.11: Village Land Act Cap 114 R.E, 2002.................................................................................................39
3.3.12: The Forest Act, 2002.......................................................................................................................39
3.3.13: Water Resources Management Act, 2009......................................................................................40
3.3.14: The Standards Act No. 2, 2009........................................................................................................41
3.3.15: The Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 12 of 2009 ...................................................................41
3.3.16: The Contractors Registration Act Cap 25 R.E, 2002........................................................................42
3.3.17: The Electricity Act, 2008 .................................................................................................................42
3.3.18: The Rural Energy Act, 2005.............................................................................................................43
3.4 International obligations, Conventions and other Specific Programmes.............................................43
3.4.1: Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, May 1992.........................................................43
3.4.2: World Bank Safeguard Policies and Guidelines ................................................................................44

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3.5: Administrative Framework ..................................................................................................................48
CHAPTER FOUR ...........................................................................................................................................49
4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS.......................................................................49
4.1 Physical condition .................................................................................................................................49
4.1.1 Climate and Topography....................................................................................................................49
Table 4.1 Monthly and Mean Annual Rainfall ............................................................................................49
4.1.2 Geology and Soils...............................................................................................................................50
4.1.3 Land use/ Land cover.........................................................................................................................51
4.1.4 Hydrology...........................................................................................................................................51
4.1.4.1 Basin context...................................................................................................................................51
4.1.4.2 Hydrology of Madope River............................................................................................................53
4.2 Biological and ecological environment .................................................................................................59
4.2.1 Flora ...................................................................................................................................................59
4.2.2 Fauna..................................................................................................................................................60
4.3 Socio-economic environment...............................................................................................................61
4.3.1 Population characteristics and ethnicity............................................................................................61
4.3.2 Income and Economic activities.........................................................................................................61
4.3.3 Social services and facilities...............................................................................................................63
4.3.3.1 Education facilities..........................................................................................................................63
4.3.3.2 Water and environmental sanitation..............................................................................................63
4.3.3.3 Health services................................................................................................................................63
4.3.3.4 Energy sources................................................................................................................................64
4.3.3.4 Transport and communication .......................................................................................................64
CHAPTER FIVE .............................................................................................................................................65
5.0 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT.............................................................65
5.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................65
5.2 Stakeholders’ Identification and consultation......................................................................................65
5.3 Results of Public Consultations.............................................................................................................65
5.5 Addressing stakeholders’ concerns. .....................................................................................................72
CHAPTER SIX................................................................................................................................................74

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6.0: IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES........................................................74
6.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................74
6.2 Identification of Potential Impacts .......................................................................................................74
6.2.1 Mobilization/ Construction phase .....................................................................................................74
6.2.1.1 Loss of vegetation, existing land use patterns and property..........................................................74
6.2.1.2 Air pollution due to dust and gaseous emission from machinery and vehicles .............................74
6.2.1.3 Noise pollution from construction machinery and vehicles...........................................................74
6.2.1.4 Increased waste generation and haphazard disposal.....................................................................75
6.2.1.5 Increased soil erosion and potential landslide ...............................................................................75
6.2.1.6 Increased turbidity in the downstream due to construction activities ..........................................75
6.2.1.7 Increased sediments in the river bed that might reduce the water flow rate ...............................76
6.2.1.8 Increase of traffic accidents............................................................................................................76
6.2.1.9 Intensification of HIV/AIDs, STDs and other communicable diseases............................................76
6.2.1.10 Occupational health and safety risks............................................................................................76
6.2.1.11 Widespread of chemicals and oil spillage from vehicle and machinery refueling .......................76
6.2.1.12 Increase of soil and water pollution .............................................................................................77
6.2.1.13 Impacts on aquatic life and downstream water users due to impacted water quality................77
6.2.1.14 Impairment of aesthetic and scenic qualities...............................................................................77
6.2.1.15 Increased employment opportunity and other economic activities ............................................78
6.2.1.16 Earnings of Government revenue.................................................................................................78
6.2.2 Operation phase ................................................................................................................................78
6.2.2.1 Noise pollution from the operation of turbines and other related equipments............................78
6.2.2.2 Reduced stream flow and water level with possible impacts of aquatic life .................................78
6.2.2.3 Impacts on aquatic life and downstream water users due to impaired water quality ..................79
6.2.2.4 Health and safety risks due to electric hazards ..............................................................................79
6.2.2.5 Bushfire outbreak impacts..............................................................................................................79
6.2.2.6 Increased waste generation from the project site. ........................................................................80
6.2.2.7 Widespread of oil spills from oil refueling, workshop and power house.......................................80
6.2.2.8 Intensification of HIV/AIDS, STDs and other communicable diseases............................................80
6.2.2.9 Impairment of aesthetic and scenic quality....................................................................................80

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6.2.2.10 Increased social conflicts and crimes............................................................................................81
6.2.2.11 Improved Environmental Management of Madope River Ecosystem..........................................81
6.2.2.12 Benefits to Community resulting from employment and access to electricity ............................81
6.2.2.13 Increase of government revenue..................................................................................................82
6.3.1 Approaches for assessment of significance.......................................................................................82
6.3.2 Criterion used during evaluation .......................................................................................................83
6.4 Project Alternatives...............................................................................................................................88
6.4.1 No project alternative........................................................................................................................88
6.4.2 Alternative Site...................................................................................................................................88
6.4.3 Alternative Energy Source .................................................................................................................88
6.4.4 Building a reservoir ............................................................................................................................88
CHAPTER SEVEN..........................................................................................................................................90
7.0 MITIGATION/ ENHANCEMENT MEASURES...........................................................................................90
7.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................90
7.2.1 Loss of vegetation, existing land use pattern and property ..............................................................90
7.2.2 Air pollution due to dust and gaseous emission from machinery and vehicles ................................91
7.2.3 Noise pollution from construction machinery and vehicles..............................................................91
7.2.4 Increased waste generation...............................................................................................................91
7.2.5 Increased soil erosion and potential landslide ..................................................................................92
7.2.6 Increased turbidity in the downstream due to construction activities .............................................92
7.2.7 Increased sediments in the river bed that might reduce the water flow rate ..................................92
7.2.8 Increase of accidents due to increased traffic...................................................................................93
7.2.9 Intensification of HIV/AIDs, STDs and other Communicable diseases ..............................................93
7.2.10 Occupational health and safety risks...............................................................................................93
7.2.11 Widespread of chemicals and oil spillage from vehicle and machinery refueling...........................94
7.2.12 Increased soil and water pollution...................................................................................................94
7.2.13 Impacts on aquatic life and downstream water users due to impacted water quality...................95
7.2.14 Impairment of aesthetic and scenic qualities..................................................................................95
7.2.15 Increased employment opportunity and other economic activities ...............................................95
7.2.16 Earnings of Government revenue....................................................................................................95

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7.3 Operation Phase....................................................................................................................................96
7.3.1 Noise pollution from the operation of turbines and other related equipments...............................96
7.3.2 Reduced river flow and water level with possible impacts of aquatic life ........................................96
7.3.3 Impacts on aquatic life and downstream water users due to impacted water quality.....................96
7.3.4 Health and safety risks due to electric hazards .................................................................................96
7.3.5 Bushfire outbreak impacts.................................................................................................................97
7.3.6 Increased waste generation from the project site. ...........................................................................97
7.3.7 Widespread of oil spills from oil refueling, workshop and power house..........................................97
7.3.8 Intensification of HIV/AIDS, STDs and other communicable diseases...............................................97
7.3.9 Increased social conflicts and crimes.................................................................................................98
7.3.10 Improved Environmental Management of Madope River ecosystem ............................................98
7.3.11 Community benefits resulted from employment opportunities and access to electricity. ............98
7.3.12 Increase of government revenue.....................................................................................................99
CHAPTER EIGHT.........................................................................................................................................100
8.0: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................................100
8.1: Impact Management plan..................................................................................................................100
8.2: Implementation of the Management Plan ........................................................................................100
CHAPTER NINE ..........................................................................................................................................113
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN..........................................................................113
9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................113
9.2 Objectives of a Monitoring Program...................................................................................................113
9.3 Context of a Monitoring Program.......................................................................................................113
CHAPTER TEN............................................................................................................................................122
10.0 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT........................................................................................122
10.1: Introduction.....................................................................................................................................122
10.2 The estimated investment costs.......................................................................................................122
10.3 Operational Expenditures and Management (O&M) .......................................................................122
10.4 Economic assessment.......................................................................................................................124
10.5 Benefits related to the project..........................................................................................................125
CHAPTER ELEVEN......................................................................................................................................126

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11.0: DECOMMISSIONING ........................................................................................................................126
CHAPTER TWELVE .....................................................................................................................................128
12.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSSION ........................................................................................................128
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................129
APPENDICES..............................................................................................................................................131

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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1: Lugarawa SHPP area location map ...........................................................................................11
Figure 2.2: An illustrative diagram depicting run-of-river hydropower......................................................14
Figure 4.1 Madope River Catchment Basin at the proposed intake site for Lugarawa SHPP.....................52
Figure 4.2 Graphic of the estimated monthly mean flow discharge for Madope River at the proposed
intake site for the proposed Lugarawa SHPP..............................................................................................56
Figure 4.3 Discharge measurement (Source: Study team, August, 2015)..................................................57
Figure 4.4 Surface water sampling (Source: EIA Study team, August, 2015) .............................................59
Figure 4.5: Identified flora species in the project area, (Source: Field study team, Aug, 2015).................60
Figure 4.6: PVC Pipes that are used for small scale irrigation purposes along Madope River ...................63
Figure 5.1 Consultation meeting with stakeholders at Masimbwe and Itundu Villages respectively........72

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Location of the intake and powerhouse sites.............................................................................10
Table 2.2 Technical design data for the Proposed Lugarawa SHPP............................................................16
Table 2.3: The annual expected energy production. ..................................................................................19
Table 2.4 Projection of Total Consumption in MWh ..................................................................................19
Table 2.5 Monthly Mean available flows for the proposed power production (m3
/s)...............................21
Table 3.1: World Bank Safeguard Policies...................................................................................................45
Table 3.2: Social and Environmental Safeguards commonly activated in hydropower projects ...............46
Table 4.1 Monthly and Mean Annual Rainfall ............................................................................................49
Table 4.2 Monthly mean flow rates of Ruhuhu River in m3
/s.....................................................................54
Table 4.3 Monthly Mean Flow Discharges for Madope River at the proposed intake site and Ruhuhu
River at Kikonge St. No. IRB3 - (m3/sec) forthe Period 1971-2002 ............................................................55
Table 4.4 Population characteristics in Ludewa District.............................................................................61
Table 5.1 Issues and Concerns raised from Stakeholders consulted with regard to the proposed
construction of Lugarawa SHPP..................................................................................................................66
Table 5.2 EIA Recommendations for issued by Stakeholders.....................................................................72
Table 6.1: First step assessment criteria for evaluation of impacts ...........................................................83
Table 6.2 Summary of the Impacts associated with the Lugarawa SHPP...................................................84
Table 6.3: Impact Correlation Matrix for the Proposed Lugarawa Small Hydropower Project..................86
Table 8.1: Environmental and social management plan...........................................................................101
Table 9.1: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan..............................................................................114
Table 10.1: The proposed project costs....................................................................................................122
Table 10.2A: Annual maintenance costs from 2018.................................................................................123
Table 10.2B: Annual Operation costs from 2018.....................................................................................123
Table 10.3: New Users .............................................................................................................................123
Table 10.4: Estimated Lugarawa Small Hydropower Project Economic Indicators..................................124
Table 10.5: Key Assumptions used to calculate the IRR and the NPV: ....................................................125

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
The proposed Lugarawa Small Hydro Electric Power Plant (1.7 MW) will be established on a
manmade water course of Madope River which now has a very significant water fall in
Lugarawa Village, Lugarawa Ward, Ludewa District, Njombe Region. The project mobilization
and construction will be financed and undertaken by ACRA CCS, an International NGO based in
Italy with an office in Njombe Municipality, in association with partners; NDO and Studio Frosio,
with funds from European Union, UNIDO and EEP.ACRA CCS has been certified on 27th
February
2014 with registration number I-NGO/ 00006981 as shown in appendix 4.Then, after the
completion of the construction works of the proposed project which is foreseen to be by mid-
2018 (i.e., when all infrastructures will be in place, both for production and for distribution) will
hand over the power plant, the lines, and all others assets to MADOPE Community Hydro
Power Company Ltd, (P.O. Box 54, Njombe) which was established and registered in 2014.This
Company will be responsible for the generation and distribution of the hydroelectric energy to
more than 50,000 people living in 20 villages in Tanzania’s Njombe region. As said earlier, after
the handover from ACRA and his partners, foreseen at the end of the construction activities,
MADOPE will be the owner the project and will have the following shareholders: Lugarawa
Hospital (55 %); Education and Enterprises College of Njombe (E&ECN) (5%); and Jumuiya ya
Watumiaji Umeme wa Lugarawa (JUWALU) (40%).
At the proposed site on Madope River for power production for the proposed project, the
recorded maximum and minimum flow discharges are 0.7m3
/sec and 0.182m3
/sec respectively.
The waterfall’s head is 460 m. By utilizing the head, amount of water required for power
generation at any time will be diverted through a penstock to the power house in which a
Pelton turbine will be installed for the power generation.
The proposed project is expected to generate about 8,100MWh annually. The total energy that
will supplied to the twenty (20) surrounding villages from 2018 to 2038 is expected to be
84,473MWh and the total surplus that will sold to the National Grid from 2018 to 2038 will be
85,627MWh . The villages that will benefit from the proposed project are Lugarawa, Mkiu,
Mlangali, Itundu, Lufumbu, Ligumbiro, Utilili, Lupanga, Lusala, Masimbwe, Luvuyo, Madope,
Mangalanyene, Manga, Madilu, Ilawa, Mfarasi, Mdilidili, Ilininda and Kiyombo. The
socioeconomic survey conducted by ACRACCS and NDO shows that these villages have a
potential market for the proposed project because there are about 51,180 beneficiaries,
including institutions such as the Lugarawa hospital, Lugarawa Nursing School, Lugarawa
Vocational Education and Training Authority, 19 dispensaries/health centres, 32 primary and

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secondary schools, government offices, and business infrastructures such as milling machines,
motor vehicle garages, 38 mechanical and carpentry workshops, 510 small shops and bars, etc.
According to the Tanzania Legislation; particularly the Environmental Management Act (EMA)
of 2004 under section 81 (i) and (ii), project developers are obliged to carry out an
Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) prior to project implementation. In that context, the
project developer, commissioned Mr. Julius Shilungushela of Water and Land Centre Consult
Co. LTD (Registered EIA Expert) to conduct the EIA study. The EIA study Team comprised of the
following principal experts: Mr. Julius Shilungushela, Hydrologist as EIA study team leader and
Mr. Robert Kibongolo; an Environmental Scientist.
The EIA study Team initiated the process by preparing the Project Brief of the proposed
Lugarawa Small Hydropower Project (LSHPP) and filling in the EIA Forms; these documents
were then submitted to the National Environment Management Council (NEMC) for screening
purposes. The decision of the Council was that for the proposed project to obtain certification a
full study should be conducted. Following that decision the EIA study team was directed by the
Council to prepare Scoping Report and Draft ToR for the proposed project and submit the
documents to NEMC for review. After implementing that directive, the team was allowed to
proceed with the EIA study vide the letter shown in appendix 1.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Lugarawa SHPP is taken up with the objective of exploiting the hydro power potential of
Madope River which is one of the tributaries of Ruhuhu River system in Lake Nyasa Drainage
Basin. The proposed power plant is of a nominal installed capacity of 1.7 MW at the existing
artificial waterfalls on Madope River, developed by the maximum discharge of 0.619m3
/sec and
minimum discharge of 0.180m3
/sec operating at the rated head of 460m. Power output will
vary with the seasonal flow variation, as in general terms a particular headwater/tail water
condition will correspond to a particular river flow, thus a particular power output.
The design of the proposed Lugarawa SHPP as contained in the Feasibility Study Report
constitutes the following components;
The major infrastructures of the proposed project include the intake structures which will be
located at Eastings 0683346 and Nothings 8920264 where the river channel level is at an
elevation of 2139m a.s.l. At the intake, the diversion weir around 1.5 m high and 25 m (cross
section of the river) will conveys water through a culvert concrete tunnel, around 540 m long
and with a diameter of 60 cm, with a bed slope of 0.35%. The culvert joins an open flow canal
with concrete walls, some 200 m long, with a steep slope. Water from the intake will pass

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through the culvert to a storage pool forebay with an accumulation capacity of at least 5,000
m3
, very useful to cover the peaks of the electricity request. In order to increase the maximum
flow to 500 l/s, the existing culvert must be substituted by a new one, made by a PVC pipe of
700 mm of diameter. The crest level of the spillway, which determines the plant head, will have
the elevation of the culvert axis in the final downstream section and a length of 10 m, which
allows discharging the maximum flow of 500 l/s with a 10 cm rising of the water level. The
penstock will be a steel pipe, covering all its length (1,226m) and running above ground level
with a steep slope down to the powerhouse. The power house is located at Eastings
0684668and Northings 8919644 where the natural ground elevation is 1682m a.m.s.l. The
installation capacity of 1.7 MW will achieve energy generation of 8,100MWh/year in an
efficiency of 82%.
The generating plant will comprise the turbine which will be a two jets Pelton. Other
components such as switch gear, silting basin, head race canal, diversion weir, flood control,
power station, generators, will also be constructed. Appendix 12 contains the site layout plan
and the engineering drawings for the proposed project components.
The Power that will be generated will then be taken for transmission and distribution system
(TDS)as shown in appendix 13 through conductors (cables) supported with wooden poles and
transformers elaborated as follows;
 The produced power will be supplied to twenty (20) villages namely: Lugarawa, Mkiu,
Mlangali, Itundu, Lufumbu, Ligumbiro, Utilili, Lupanga, Lusala, Masimbwe, Luvuyo,
Madope, Mangalanyene, Manga, Madilu, Ilawa, Mfarasi, Mdilidili, Ilininda and
Kiyombo.The tariffs to be used for the electricity that will be sold directly to customers
of the project will be at a cost recovery price which will be set by EWURA.
 The excess power which will be connected to National Grid located at Luponde area.
The tariffs to be used for the electricity that shall be generated and sold to TANESCO
will be at the TANESCO rate standard.
A gravel access road of about 2 Km from Lugarawa Village to the proposed power plant will be
constructed during the implementation of the proposed Lugarawa SHPP
The proponent will establish the power plant within the land which is currently occupied by
their partner Diocese of Njombe which forms the catchment of the Madope River. The
occupied land has a title deed: LO. No. 502993 with total area of 39.31 ha in the Lugarawa
Ward as shown in appendix 10.Also the proponent through his partner Diocese of Njombe
holds a Provisional grant of Water Permit from the Ministry of Water offered through the Lake

xviii
Nyasa Basin Water Office in March, 2016 as required by the Law to divert and abstract 12,960
m3
of water per day for hydropower use. See appendix 8.
Furthermore, the proposed project will require about120 ha of land for transmission lines use.
The transmission lines will traverse through different types of environments such forested
lands, grassland, and individual’s property lands. According to the Tanzania Legislation and
International Legal instruments, all persons who will be affected in anyway by the proposed
project through their properties and land uses such as farming and settlement shall have to be
compensated. However, the villagers have agreed freely to provide their land parcels for the
proposed project use. However, they will continue using their land parcel for uses that do not
affect the activities of the intended project such as growing seasonal/short crops. To minimize
disturbance to the people housing properties shall be avoided.
POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Relevant National Policies, Legislation, Administrative structures, International treaties and
Conventions relevant to the proposed project were reviewed so that the implementation of the
proposed Lugarawa SHPP meets and abides to the existing conditions. The guidelines, national
policies and national legal instruments which were reviewed are as follows:
 Guidelines: The World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguards Policies and
Guidelines and the Tanzania Development Vision 2025.
 National policies: The National Land Policy of 1996, The National Energy Policy of 2003,
The National Water Policy of 2004, etc.
 National legal instruments: The Land Act No. 4 of 1999, The Village Land Act Cap114 R.E
2002, The Local Government (District Authorities) of 1982, The Environmental
Management Act of 2004, and Environmental Impact Assessment & Audit Regulations
of 2005, etc.
Administratively, the institutional and legal framework for environmental management is
comprised of the National Environmental Advisory Committee, the Minister for Environment,
the Director of Environment, the National Environmental Management Council, Sector
Ministries, Regional Secretariat and Local Government Authorities.
BASELINE CONDITION OF PROJECT AREA
The power generation site for the proposed Lugarawa Small Hydro Power Project is located in
Lugarawa Village, Lugarawa Ward, Mlangali Division, Ludewa District, Njombe Region, see
figure 2.1.It is along Madope River which is located about 3.5km from the Lugarawa Village
Centre. The project area is connected with an earth road network. Lugarawa Village can be

xix
accessed through the Njombe –Ludewa earth trunk road to Mkiu, and then from Mkiu through
the Mkiu – Lugarawa earth to Lugarawa Village, the village in which the project infrastructures
will be installed. The roads in the project area are easily accessed during the dry season but
they are in bad conditions during the wet season. Also, many roads are narrow such that big
trucks cannot easily traverse on them. The Ludewa District has 5 Divisions, 25 Wards and 76
Villages, with a total population of 133,218 people with 0.36 % annual increase rate (according
to the 2012 National Census). Therefore, the current population of the District is estimated to
be 134, 662 people. The Survey conducted by ACRACCS and NDO in 2014 shows that about
51,188 people living within twenty (20) Villages will benefit from the proposed Lugarawa SHPP.
Furthermore, the project area has 9,967 households. The dominant ethnic groups in the project
area and Ludewa District in general are the Pangwa, Kisi and Manda. Also, there are smaller
ethnic groupings which include the Hehe, Bena, and Kinga.
The climate of the project area and the Ludewa District as whole is generally tropical with
seasonal and altitudinal temperature variations and distinctly defined two seasons; dry and
rainy seasons. The average annual temperature ranges between 100
Cand 200
C, which is humid.
The annual rainfall is ranges between 1000 to 1600mm, falling in a single season, usually from
November to May. The dry and cold season occurs after the rain season, particularly from June
to October. The project area is situated in a mountainous zone with undulating hills and valleys
with several natural waterfalls. The altitude in the project area ranges between 1200 and
2700m above mean sea level. The Madope River has a gentle slope below the identified
waterfall for the proposed power production, and considerable distances have been covered to
gain a small additional head. The available head between the proposed intake site and
powerhouse site is 460m which has a potential for the proposed power generation.
The study area is characterized by the presence of the crystalline, pre-cambric basement
displaced by tectonic lines mostly WNW-ESE oriented. The faults are related to the regional
tectonic that formed the big trench of the Lake Nyasa and the adjacent mountain ranges edging
in a SSW direction the Tanzanian plateau. The geology of the hydrological basin, upstream of
the intake, is mainly characterized by the presence of the phylliticschists, which do not outcrop
in the lower section of the basin, because of the thick coverage of eluvial-colluvial deposits. On
the valley bottoms there are scattered migmatites blocks, so that the presence of this rock type
can be supposed at shallow depth. In the NE corner some granite outcrops have been verified
and constitute the hills top. The high altitudes of the project area is composed of yellow, with
well drained and highly weathered and leached soils while in the low lands there are
intermediate clay soils which are characterized by being moderately drained and leached.

xx
According to the interview conducted to the villagers within the proposed project area during
this ESIA study, per capital income in all the twenty (20) villages is about TSh. 1,500,000/= per
year, which signifies that the villagers will be able to pay the electricity expenses. The villagers
are mainly involved in peasantry farming on the mountain side and working in the tea
plantations on daily basis depending the agreement. They grow both food and cash crops such
as such as maize, paddy, wheat, bananas, ground nuts, Irish potatoes, sunflower, coffee,
pyrethrum and sunflower. They also practice in horticulture by growing peaches, avocado,
passion fruits, mangoes and macadamia nuts. A few of households in Ludewa District are also
involved in livestock. The livestock include cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and chicken. Most cattle
owned are traditionally part of the mixed farming system; they provide supplementary income
(milk, meat and hides) and organic manure. Other economic activities include timber harvesting
using local methods and electric saws. Agro processing small scale industries is largely remains
unexploited because of lack power. Thus, the proposed Lugarawa SHPP once developed will
make a significant developmental contribution in the area.
The field survey for the ecological studies has been conducted on both banks of the Madope
River, including areas of inundation due to proposed power plant, intake structures and along
the proposed transmission routes. The valleys within the project area have well - drained soils.
Furthermore, the area is composed of species of shrubs, thickets, ferns and woodlots of Pinus
spp, Mikuyu (Ficus spp), Midobole (Hagenia abyssinica), bamboo trees (Bambusa spp), Mivengi
(Syzygium cordatum), Msambalawe (Vangueriopsis lanciflora), etc. However, the villagers
reported that there are no wild mammals within the project area and in the near vicinity of the
project area. Only small creatures are found in the project area particularly amphibians (frogs,
toads, etc.); reptiles (lizards, snakes, etc.) and insects including grass hoppers, mantis, house
flies, and species of ants, and butterfly. Also, they reported that the river does not have any fish
species.
In the project area there are numerous socio-economic facilities such as health centers, 32
primary and secondary schools, Vocational Training Institutes, shops, religious institutions and
workshops for various trades including carpentry and metal works.
According to the information provided by the villagers, some areas have poor mobile phones
networks. Therefore, the proposed project will attract investors in particular
telecommunication companies such as TIGO, Airtel, Vodacom, etc
Among the 76 villages of Ludewa District only four (4) are connected to electricity supply
provided by TANESCO. Furthermore, at present only 4% of the population in the project area

xxi
has access to the electricity that is being produced by the old hydroelectric plant, built by the
Diocese of Njombe in order supply to power the Lugarawa Hospital.
The rural villages within the project area and Ludewa District in general are far away from
bigger urban centers and out of any connection to the national network. Therefore, a very high
percentage of the current utilized electrical energy is produced by diesel engine generators
which have a high running cost which is a significant obstacle to local development. The
commonly used source of energy for lighting during the night is the wick lamp and practically
majority of households use firewood for cooking. The main source of energy for cooking is fuel
wood. Fuel wood contributes about 95% of all energy need for cooking. Therefore, the
proposed project will cater for several energy demands in the project area.
PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION AND INVOLVEMENT
Adequate public consultations and participation was ensured throughout the EIA study.
Stakeholders were consulted to get their concerns and perceptions in regard to the envisaged
Lugarawa SHPP. Consulted stakeholders include government agencies, beneficiaries,
commercial companies, and all other formal and informal groups associated to the proposed
project. By names the consulted stakeholders are: Ludewa District Council experts and
administrators (i.e. District Administrative Secretary, District Executive Director, experts of the
Department of Natural Resources, Department of Lands and Environment, Department of
Water Supply and Sanitation, and Department of Agriculture); TANESCO- Ludewa District Office;
Lake Nyasa Basin Water Office (LNBWO) and Representatives from 20 Villages namely
Lugarawa, Mkiu, Mlangali, Itundu, Lufumbu, Ligumbiro, Utilili, Lupanga, Lusala, Masimbwe,
Luvuyo, Madope, Mangalanyene, , Manga, Madilu, Ilawa, Mfarasi, Mdilidili, Ilininda and
Kiyombo, together with the proponent. Consultations with communities were conducted
through meetings and focus group discussions. Despite of the negative issues that were raised
which however can be mitigated, most of the stakeholders had positive attitude towards the
project because it is their hope that the project will improve social services such as health,
education and stimulate socio-economic growth in the project area and the District as whole.
The individuals’ names and signatures of the consulted stakeholders are attached in appendix
5.
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
Development of the proposed Lugarawa SHPP in Lugarawa Village, Lugarawa Ward, Ludewa
District, Njombe Region will have a range of environmental and social consequences. The
impacts are of both positive and negative nature. A simple checklist and matrix methods were
used in impact identification and evaluation. The following are significant impacts identified;

xxii
Impacts associated with Mobilization and Construction Phase
 Loss of vegetation, existing land use pattern and property
 Air pollution due to dust and gaseous emission from machinery and vehicles
 Noise pollution from construction machinery and vehicles
 Increased construction wastes generation and food remains
 Increased soil erosion and potential landslide
 Increased turbidity in the downstream water due to construction activities
 Increased sediments in the river bed that might reduce the water flow rate
 Increase of accidents due to increased traffic
 Intensification of HIV/AIDs, STDs and other Communicable diseases
 Occupational Health and safety risks
 Widespread of chemicals and oil spillage from vehicle and machinery refueling
 Increase of soil and water pollution
 Impacts on aquatic life and downstream water users due to impacted water quality
 Impairment of aesthetic and scenic qualities
 Increased employment and other economic activities.
 Earnings of Government revenue
Impacts associated with Operation Phase
 Noise pollution from the operation of turbines and other related equipments
 Reduced flow and water level with possible impacts of life
 Impacts on aquatic life and downstream water users due to impaired water quality
 Health and safety risks due to electric hazards
 Bushfire outbreak impacts
 Increased waste generation from the project site.
 Widespread of oil spills from oil refueling, workshop and power house
 Intensification of HIV/AIDS, STDs and other communicable diseases
 Impairment of aesthetic and scenic quality
 Increased social conflicts and crimes
 Improved Environmental Management of Madope River Ecosystem
 Benefits to Community resulting from employment and access to electricity
 Increase of government revenue
Impacts associated with decommissioning Phase
 Loss of aesthetics due to haphazard disposal of demolished waste/abandoned
structures
 Loss of power with their associated drawbacks

xxiii
 Loss of employment
MITIGATION MEASURES, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
A management plan has been developed for ensuring appropriate implementation of all
mitigation measures recommended in the ESIA study. The plans are termed as Environmental
and Social Management Plan and Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan as illustrated in
Table 8.1 and 9.1 respectively.
The ESMMP describes the implementation schedule of the proposed mitigation measures as
well as planning for long-term monitoring activities. It defines roles and responsibility of
different actors of the plan. The indicative associated environmental costs amounts to about
Tshs 54,000,000/= for Environmental and Social Management Plan and about TShs
54,000,000/= for Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan.
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
The feasibility study report outlined the investment cost and economic characteristics of the
project. The estimated investment cost is 5,385,611 EUR (which is equivalent to TZS
1,298,470,812/=) for developing the proposed Lugarawa small hydro plant. This will involve
land topographical survey, clearing, demarcating, excavating, construction material
procurement, equipment installation, transmission lines and civil works during project
development. It will be implemented for a period of 24 months. The operation cost per year is
estimated to be 160,000 EUR (which is equivalent to TSh. 384,000,000) which will involve costs
related to management, purchase of spares, accounting and casual laborers. Several benefits
are associated with the proposed development both at local and national level in terms of
revenue generation and the multiplier effects associated with linkages with local and national
economy. The project will provide access to affordable energy services to 35% of the population in
the Ludewa District (total population of the Ludewa District is approx. 146,000). Also the project will
generate employment opportunities during construction and operation phases, social economic
impacts will benefit the villagers to receive electricity power by reducing the household living
expenses in terms of flour grinding and other food staffs from Tsh4, 000/= to 60% per 20 litre tin.
The power will have tangible effects on health services. The Saint John Hospital will receive cheap
and reliable energy supply. This will enable the Hospital to use with effectiveness its electric equipment
and be operational 24 hours a day. In addition, with the support received through the Development
Funds, it will be able to invest in its structures and services and, if possible, supply patients with free
medicines. Health centres will be able to use refrigerators, and therefore offer vaccination services in
addition to other useful health therapies. Women, children and elders will greatly benefit from this
result. It will empower people by engaging themselves in small scale business. It will provide clean
and environmentally friend energy to the local residences. This will enable families to stop the use of

xxiv
polluting and dangerous kerosene lamps. Economic activities, dispensaries and public offices will be able
to stop using expensive and polluting generators. TANESCO will receive a good share of clean energy to
be distributed. Also, the generated power will be supplied to academic institutions including primary
and secondary schools within the project area. Thus, students will have adequate electric power
to conduct workshops and laboratory studies and will be able to appropriately study and do
homework at night.
DECOMMISSIONING
It is anticipated that the proposed project planning life span is more than 20 years based on the
plant design life. Furthermore, the plant operation may end when there is no economic or
financial benefit of continuing using the power plant.
There will be loss of jobs, particularly those working in the power plant, businesses supplying
commodities to the power plant such as spares, fuel, lubricants, papers and other consumables
will go out of business, haphazard disposal of demolished waste/abandoned structures
resulting into loss of aesthetic value as well as loss of power with their drawbacks.
Equipments and machinery will have to be disposed-off or removed from the site and buildings
converted to something useful or demolished. All wastes will be collected and right disposed.
The developer will prepare a decommissioning plan to ensure that environmental and social
impacts due to decommissioning of the project are minimized in order to comply with
environmental legislations and policies requirements.
The developer will fund and implement all aspects of project decommissioning, including but
not limited to, all engineering, environmental monitoring, permitting, construction and
mitigation activities associated with this plan.
CONCLUSION
The proposed Lugarawa Small Hydro Power Project will cause low and under threshold adverse
impacts if the recommended mitigation measures will adequately and timely be implemented.
The identified impacts will be managed through the proposed mitigation measures and their
implementation regime has been laid down in this ESIA study report. ACRACCS is fully
committed to implement all the recommendations given in this ESIA and in carrying out
environmental auditing and monitoring schedules.

1
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
The proposed Lugarawa Small Hydro Electric Power Plant (1.7 MW) will be established on a
manmade waterfall of Madope River which now has a very significant water fall in Lugarawa
Village, Lugarawa Ward, Ludewa District, Njombe Region. The project mobilization and
construction will be financed and undertaken by ACRA CCS, an International NGO based in Italy
with an office in Njombe Municipality, in association with partners; NDO and Studio Frosio, with
funds from European Union, UNIDO and EEP they are described as follows;
a) ACRA, that is the leader agency in the implementation of this project, is an Italian non-
governmental organization established in 1968 and recognized by the Italian Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and the European Union. ACRA works to support the culture and
reinforce the skills of individual communities, paying particular attention to rural
environment. ACRA works mainly in the following sectors: sustainable management of
natural resources, food security, sustainable economic development and education and
is actively working in 12 countries around the world with 68 projects. ACRA is registered
in Tanzania as an international NGO from 2006 with number I-NGO/00006981. See
appendix 4.
b) “NJOMBE DEVELOPMENT OFFICE”, for short “NDO” is a Tanzanian Non-government
organization. It is entirely non- profit making organization, hence no profit sharing
among its members and it is registered under the Societies Ordinance (registration
number SO. NO. 12574). The organization’s primary mission is to promote, support,
sustain socio-economic programs, and address emergency as well as relief within and
outside NDO area of operation. NDO has extensive experience in supporting and
supervising organizations to create and implement various water scheme projects, plays
a great role in monitoring and evaluation process such that reports are prepared as per
donor’s specifications. NDO prefer to use the participatory approach where
stakeholders meet and think in terms of problems and opportunities and shared their
understanding of “expected results” in order to strengthen needs assessment, planning,
monitoring and evaluation.
c) Studio Frosio has a highly specialized competence in designing and site supervision of
hydro-power plants and hydraulic works in both Europe and Developing countries. It

2
designs and site supervises works connected with the utilization of renewable sources,
mainly hydro-power plants and hydraulic works like dams, weirs, dykes, gates, valves,
fish ladders, penstocks, tunnels, canals, turbines, generators. Moreover, Studio Frosio
runs activities such as: surveys, geognostic surveys, flow gauging, environmental impact
assessments, bureaucratic activities in order to obtain all public authorizations. Studio
Frosio has worked since 1980 as private consultant in designing and site supervision of
hydro-power plants and hydraulic works with complete respect for the environment.
Then, after the completion of the project foreseen by the mid 2018 (when all the works will be
done, both for production and for distribution) will hand over the power plant the lines and all
others assets to MADOPE Community Hydro Power Company Ltd, (P.O. Box 54, Njombe) which
was established and registered in 2014 and it will be responsible for generation and distribution
of hydroelectric energy to more than 50,000 people living in 20 villages in Tanzania’s Njombe
region. As said, after the handover from ACRA and his partners, foreseen at the end of
activities, MADOPE will be the owner the project and will have the following shareholders:
Lugarawa Hospital (55%); Education and Enterprises College of Njombe (E&ECN) (5%); and
Jumuiya ya Watumiaji Umeme wa Lugarawa (JUWALU) (40%).
The only relevant infrastructure in the project area for supply of electric power at the moment
is a min hydropower plant built in 1970 to supply the Lugarawa Hospital. Also, this plant
currently supplies about 380 private users. The plant consists of an Ossberger turbine,
producing up to 165 Kw, with a maximum flow of 2.55cumecs and 9 m penstock fall. During the
dry season the water supply of the Lugarawa torrent sharply decreases and therefore the
energy production is highly inadequate to meet the demand. Thus, the private users can use
the energy only for a few hours a day, in the evening time, as priority during the day time is
given to the hospital. However, even in this way, during the dry season the power supply to the
hospital is insufficient, so a diesel generator is needed in order to keep some machineries of the
hospital running. To overcome the water shortage for power generation, in 1997 the Nyasa
Water Basin Authority authorized deviation of the Madope River into a dam reservoir in
Lugarawa Village for the purpose of increasing the water supply to the min hydropower plant.
Even with that modification, during the dry season the water supply is never greater than 200
l/s; thus the water shortage problem has not yet been resolved. Since the deviation of the
Madope River included creation of a manmade waterfall of about 460 metres, part of the
waterfall water, depending on the water requirement for power generation at any time will be
diverted into a penstock of the proposed Lugarawa Small Hydropower Project

3
At the proposed site on Madope River for power production for the proposed project, the
recorded maximum and minimum flow discharges are respectively 0.7m3
/sec and 0.182m3
/sec.
The waterfall’s head is 460 m. By utilizing the head, amount of 500l/s for maximum flow period
and 50l/s for minimum flows period of water will be required for power generation at any time
will be diverted through a penstock to the power house in which a Pelton turbine will be
installed for the power generation.
The proposed project is expected to generate about 8,100MWh annually. The total energy that
will supplied to twenty (20) surrounding villages from 2018 to 2038 is expected to be
84,473MWh and the total surplus that will sold to the National Grid from 2018 to 2038 will be
85,627MWh . The villages that will benefit from the proposed project are Lugarawa, Mkiu,
Mlangali, Itundu, Lufumbu, Ligumbiro, Utilili, Lupanga, Lusala, Masimbwe, Luvuyo, Madope,
Mangalanyene, Manga, Madilu, Ilawa, Mfarasi, Mdilidili, Ilininda and Kiyombo. The
socioeconomic survey conducted by ACRACCS and NDO reveals these villages have a potential
market for the proposed project because there are about 53,380 beneficiaries, including
institutions such as Lugarawa hospital, Lugarawa Nursing School, Lugarawa Vocational
Education and Training Authority, 19 dispensaries/health centres, 43primary and secondary
schools, government offices, and business infrastructures such as milling machines, motor
vehicle garages, 38 mechanical and carpentry workshops, 510 small shops and bars, etc.
According to the Tanzania Legislation; particularly the Environmental Management Act (EMA)
of 2004 under section 81 (i) and (ii), project developers are obliged to carry out an
Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) prior to project implementation. In that context, the
project developer, commissioned Mr. Julius Shilungushela of Water and Land Centre Consult
Co. LTD (Registered EIA Expert) to conduct the EIA study. The EIA study Team comprised of the
following principal experts: Mr Julius Shilungushela, Hydrologist as EIA study team leader and
Mr Robert Kibongolo; an Environmental Scientist.
The EIA study Team initiated the process by preparing the Project Brief of the proposed
Lugarawa Small Hydropower Project (LSHPP) and filling in the EIA Forms; these documents
were then submitted to the National Environment Management Council (NEMC) for screening
purposes. The decision of the Council was that for the proposed project to obtain certification a
full study should be conducted. Following that decision the EIA study team was directed by the
Council to prepare Scoping Report and Draft ToR for the proposed project and submit the
documents to NEMC for review. After implementing that directive, the team was allowed to
proceed with the EIA study by the letter shown in appendix 1.

4
1.2: Project Rationale
Basic reasons in supportive to Lugarawa Small Hydroelectric Power Project with respect to the
project area include presence of an assured market for the power that will generated,
availability of a potential water source with an ideal site for the intended power generation,
acceptance and assurance of the intended beneficiaries (the villagers) to ensure sustainable
existence of the intended establishment, particularly for ensuring that the water source is
strictly conserved for the purpose of sustainable power production for the proposed project,
acceptance of the District Leadership (District Commissioner’s Office and District Executive
Director’s Office) to continually support such establishments, because of its high potential for
hastening socio-economic development, and its support to the Millennium goals.
Currently one of the critical problems afflicting the communities in the villages of Lugarawa,
Mkiu, Mlangali, Itundu, Lufumbu, Ligumbiro, Utilili, Lupanga, Lusala, Masimbwe, Luvuyo,
Madope, Mangalanyene Manga, Madilu, Ilawa, Mfarasi, Mdilidili, Ilininda and Kiyombo is lack of
electricity. Although, In Lugarawa Village there is a small hydropower plant of 150 KW built
several years ago which supplies power to institutions including Lugarawa Hospital, Lugarawa
Nursing School, Lugarawa Vocational Education and Training Authority, administrative offices,
business centers, institutions workers’ houses and some very few villagers’ houses. The power
that is supplied by this plant is now very insufficient to meet power requirements of current
services which are now far beyond the initial intended services. Furthermore, during the dry
season when the flow of the river is at its minimum, the power production at this old plant is
even much less such that it affects severely Lugarawa hospital operations, an issue requiring
urgent remedial action. Also, the institutions centers; dispensaries, schools, and government
institutions in the project area require adequate power supply for proper operations to meet
national and international development obligations. Therefore, these 20 villages partied in 86
sub—villages with a total number of 51,188 beneficiaries, 9,967 households, 32 primary and
secondary schools with a total of about 16.000 students, 19 dispensaries / health centers, 511
small shops/ bars, 118 milling machines, 38 mechanical and carpentry workshops will have
guaranteed accessibility of the hydroelectric power produced by the plant.
The existing socio-economic activities in the project area require availability of electricity for
proper, smooth and beneficial functioning. These activities are a ready market for the electricity
that will be generated by the intended Lugarawa Small hydroelectric project.
There are many flour milling machines in all the intended villages which certainly need the
power that will be generated by the proposed project. At the moment are using energy
produced from fossil products, i.e. diesel. Considering the long distance of the project area

5
from Dar es Salaam, the place where the diesel is ferried from by road, the price of the diesel in
the project area is quite high and will continue to rise. Furthermore, since the staple food for
the villagers in the project area is stiff porridge, the villagers spend substantial amount of
money for flour milling, which is a significant economic burden to their merge earnings. Thus,
the availability of power from the intended project will be the redeemer of the villagers from
that burden.
Also, the availability of electricity will trigger small scale industries that will add value to
agricultural products and hence increase individual incomes of the communities.
Despite of the presence of the above mentioned activities in the project area, the villagers have
high determination of using the electricity for lightning in their homes. Most houses in the
project area are built of burnt bricks and roofed with corrugated iron sheets, and therefore
significantly qualify for house/homes connections in the rural electrification purpose. Hence, in
regard to domestic electricity requirements there is also a ready market in the project area. It is
also hoped that the electricity that will be produced will activate more economic activities in
the project area which in turn will propel fast economic development for the communities in
the project area.
The proposed project will meet the growing power demand in rural areas especially in the
proposed twenty (20) villages. It will also raise the quality of life in respect to the National
Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction (NSGPR or MKUKUTA II as it is popularly known in
Kiswahili) thus achieve the vision 2025 plans and the Millennium Development Goals.
The proposed project will play a great role in the mitigation of climate change and also to cope
with the climatic variability. The project will provide clean and safe energy and hence it will
reduce the consumption of combustible fossils such as kerosene and diesel which is estimated
to be 48,500 tons during the lifetime of the project in the target area. Likewise, the excess
supply to TANESCO will promote the switch of part of TANESCO existing energy supply from
polluting energy sources to clean and renewable ones. Also the proponent has a long term
strategy of mitigating project impacts resulting from vegetation clearance, combating soil
erosion along the river and mitigates climate change impacts and protecting and preserving the
water catchment from excessive depletion and degradation by instituting the plantation of
water loving trees such as Midobole, etc. In addition to that the proposed project will adapt the
global climate change by considering the project design flows of 500l/s during maximum river
flow and 50l/s during the minimum flow as well as the environmental flow of about 0.063m3
/s.

6
Furthermore the direct and indirect benefits for the local communities and the nation resulting
from the proposed project include; General improvement of the access road to the project site,
Creation of employment opportunities for local people during construction and operation,
Improving livelihood in the project area, Facilitation of improvements to rural electrification,
health care and education facilities and Promotion of trade and services of small and medium
businesses.
The Lugarawa SHPP will not only contribute to the national growth and poverty eradication
strategy of the government it will also make a significant contribution to reduction of global
greenhouse gas production. Concerning experiences on hydroelectric power generation, there
is immerse knowledge because humankind has tapped the power of flowing rivers and streams
for thousands of years. It should be noted that the hydrological cycle is driven by sunlight,
making hydropower yet another form of indirect solar energy. Falling water, propelled by
gravity and replenished by rainfall, offers many environmental and socio-economic advantages.
It is renewable, creates no air pollution or thermal pollution, nd is relatively inexpensive.
Furthermore, the technology involved is well developed. The proposed Lugarawa Small
Hydropower Project will have minimal environmental concerns, particularly because there will
be no damming of the river flow to create a water reservoir, instead water required for power
generation at any time will be diverted through a penstock to the turbines in the power house.
Thus, there will be no sediment fills problems as involved in dam reservoirs. Small quantities of
suspended sediment in the water flow will be filtered and scooped in sediment filters to be
constructed at the intake structures just before the diverted water enters the penstock.
1.3: Scope of Work
This EIA study entailed the following:-
 Reviewing the country policies and laws which are relevant to the project
 Assessing the baseline environmental and social conditions to be affected by the
project
 Outlining potential impacts that would result from the planned activities;
 Recommending appropriate solution for mitigating and managing any undesirable
environmental and/or social effects resulting from the project
 Developing Environmental and Social Management Plan and Environmental and Social
Monitoring Plan for managing the impacts

7
1.4: Methodology of the Study
1.4.1 Literature review
Review of secondary information was carried out to supplement existing data obtained from
different sources. Documents and data records were reviewed to obtain existing secondary
data and information relevant and appropriate to the study. A major source of such information
included the socio-economic profile of Ludewa District and the National Bureau of Statistics
Reports. Other sources of secondary data were the various national policies and legislation,
previous reports, World Bank Policies, the NEMC guidelines and international agreements.
Major guiding documents involved include the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit
Regulations (2005), World Bank’s Operational Policies on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01),
Natural Habitats (OP 4.04), Forests (OP 4.36), Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) and Cultural
Property (OP 11.03).
1.4.2 Field site visit
Site visits were undertaken by the EIA study team in August 2015 for the purpose of fully
understanding the scope of the work. In addition to that, the EIA study team conducted
consultations the key stakeholders including Ludewa District Commissioner’s Office, Ludewa
District Executive Director’s Office, Nyasa Water Basin Office, and the twenty (20) villages in
which the project will be implemented. While in the field, among other things, information
related to the proposed project was collected from various sources including the Ludewa
District Executive Director sector offices. Other sources of information were Management
teams at Ward, and Village levels, and the Project Affected Persons (PAPs); the people living in
the project area. Parameters of the information and data collected during the field visits include
the vegetation, fauna, topography, land use, ecosystems and human habitat, rural production,
livestock, forestry, demography, hydrology, soil/geology and other information related to
environmental and socio-economic trends in the project area. Other information was appraised
through key informants interviews and experts’ observations.
1.4.3 Public consultation
Public participation is considered as an important element for adopting sustainable
development process. In this EIA study, various stakeholders participated in providing
information related to the development and implementation of the proposed project. Broad
consultations involving local communities and officials from Village, Ward and District levels
were carried out. During these consultations, the public had an opportunity to speak out their

8
views and concerns. Questionnaires were administered to obtain the reliable information.
Primary and secondary data was collected through checklist, focus group discussion and public
meetings with local leaders and representatives of the people as shown in figure 5.1. Careful
observations were done to triangulate other sources; People’s concerns as well as list of
attendees and their signatures were taken. The study therefore adopted more of qualitative
data collection techniques to get the required information. Meanwhile some quantitative
information in this study was obtained through review of secondary data. The key stakeholders
consulted include the following; Ludewa District Administrators and Technical Officers i.e. District
Administrative Secretary, District Executive Director, District Environment Office, District Forest
Officer, District Agricultural Officer, etc.; Ludewa TANESCO Office, Members of the committee
concerned with Environmental management and Electricity for all twenty (20) villages, project
affected persons and Lake Nyasa Drainage Basin Office. The concerns of each institution/group
have been addressed in this ESIA report.
1.4.4 Project Impact Assessment
This involved superimposing project elements onto the existing socioeconomic and
environmental conditions. This facilitated the identification of the potential environmental and
social impacts of the proposed project. The environmental impact matrix method has been
adopted in identifying impacts of major concerns. The environmental and social impacts have
been evaluated for various alternatives. Several project alternatives were considered including
that of not implementing the project (i.e. do-nothing alternative). In so doing, the fundamental
environmental protection strategy and environmental considerations influencing engineering
design were incorporated in the design.
1.5 Report Structure
This report is divided into eleven (12) chapters conforming to the requirements of the EIA and
Audit regulations 18(1) and (2) of the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulation,
2005 as follows:
 Introduction;
 Project Description;
 Relevant Policies, Legal and Institutional Framework;
 Baseline Environmental and Social Framework;
 Stakeholder Consultations and Public Participation;
 Impact Identification and Assessment of Alternatives;
 Mitigation and Enhancement Measures;

9
 Environmental and Social Management Plan;
 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan;
 Resource evaluation/ Cost Benefit Analysis;
 Decommissioning;
 Conclusions and Summary
 References; and
 Annexes.

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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
2.1: Project Location and Accessibility
The intended Lugarawa Small Hydro Power Project generation site is located in Lugarawa
Village, Lugarawa Ward, Mlangali Division, Ludewa District, Njombe Region. Geographically, the
coordinates of the locations proposed for powerhouse and intake construction were recorded
during this ESIA Study by using GPS are as shown in table 2.1below. The project site can be
accessed by the Njombe – Ludewa earth road which is always passable throughout the year, at
Mkiu there is a junction going to Lugarawa Village in which the proposed project is located. The
power generation site is located about 3.5Km North of Lugarawa Village Centre and is also can
be accessed by an earth road. See Figure 2.1 for project area location map.
Table 2.1 Location of the intake and powerhouse sites
Location Coordinates (UTM) Elevation (m)
Powerhouse 684668; 8919644 1682
Intake 0683346; 8920264 2139

11
Figure 2.1: Lugarawa SHPP area location map (Source: EIA Study team, Sept, 2015)
2.2: Land acquisition
The proponent will establish the power plant on the land which is currently occupied by their
partner Diocese of Njombe which forms the catchment of the Madope River. The occupied land

12
has title deed: LO.No.502993 with total area of 39.31ha in the Lugarawa Ward. See appendix
10. Also the proponent through his partner Diocese of Njombe holds a Provisional grant of
Water Permit from the Ministry of Water through the Lake Nyasa Basin Water Office of March,
2016 as required by the Law to divert and abstract 12,960 m3
of water per day for hydropower
use as shown in appendix 8.
Furthermore, the proposed project will require about 120 ha of land for power
distribution/transmission lines use. These distribution/transmission lines will certainly traverse
through different types of environments such forested lands, grassland, and individual’s
property lands. According to the Tanzania Legislation and International Legal instruments all
persons who will be affected in anyway by the proposed project through their properties and
land uses such as farming and settlement shall have to be compensated. However, the villagers
have agreed to provide their land parcels freely for the proposed project use. Also, according to
consensus with the proposed project, they will continue using their land parcel for uses that do
not affect the activities of the intended project such as growing seasonal/short crops. Housing
properties shall be absolutely avoided.
2.3: Project Components
The proposed Lugarawa Small Hydroelectric Power Project will consist of the following main
components: a weir, intake structure, de-silting bay, fore bay, penstock pipe, power house,
electromechanical equipment, protections, controls, step up and down transformers, and
distribution/transmission lines. Appendix 12 depicts the site layout plan and engineering
drawings of the proposed project components. A tee off medium voltage lines will facilitate
power supply to the intended villages. The facilities that will be implemented within the context
of the Lugarawa Small Hydropower Project include the following structures;
2.3.1Intake structures
The proposed Lugarawa SHPP main objective is to exploit the hydropower potential of Madope
River with a capacity of 1.7 MW in Lake Nyasa Drainage Basin. The maximum flow rate of the
scheme is stated in 500 l/s, which are available for 5 months, while the minimum technical flow
is the 10% of the maximum one, as the turbine will be a two jets Pelton. The project
construction includes the intake structures located at Eastings 0683346 and Northings 8920264
with an elevation of 2139m a.s.l. At present there is a diversion weir around 1.5 m high and 25
m (across the river) broad; the intake is also equipped with a flushing gate (leading to the river)
and it conveys water through a culvert concrete tunnel, around 540 m long and with a diameter
of 60 cm, with a bed slope of 0.35%. The culvert joins an open flow canal with concrete walls,

13
some 200 m long, with a steep slope. As to the conditions of the civil structures, the weir wall is
made of concrete and it is in good condition. Some upgrading is needed to improve their
reliability and usefulness: basically the works to make are:
 raising of the right abutment wall in order to prevent floods from damaging the supply
canal;
 demolition of the first 20 m of the culvert to obtain a desilting canal, provided with
flushing and interception gates;
 replacement of gates and frames, poor locally made;
 installation of a protecting screen at the inlet of the culvert;
 Some restoration work of the worn out parts and of small damages.
Also the terminal (downstream) part of the culvert will be demolished to leave place to a
storage pool forebay with an accumulation capacity of at least 5,000 m3
, very useful to cover
the peaks of the electricity request. In order to increase the maximum flow to 500 l/s, the
existing culvert must be substituted by a new one, made by a PVC pipe of 700 mm of diameter.
The crest level of the spillway, which determines the plant head, will have the elevation of the
culvert axis in the final downstream section and a length of 10 m, which allows discharging the
maximum flow of 500 l/s with a 10 cm raising of the water level.
The penstock will be a steel pipe, covering all its length (1.226m) and running aboveground
level with a steep slope down to the powerhouse.
2.3.2 Plant head
The water level downstream the power station is 1,680.00 m a.s.l., so the geodetic head from
the weir section to the turbine axis is: H= (2,105.00- 1,682.00) = 423 m.
The gross head from the forebay spillway crest is: Hg = (2,100.00 – 1,682.00) =418 m.
The head losses in the penstock are as follow.
Steel pipe
 Length = 1,226.24 m
 Diameter (average) = 500 mm
 Stickler factor = 90 s/m1/3
The total losses are:
 Concentrated losses factor 10 %
 DHmax (with Q = 500 l/s) 12.24 m
 DHmin (with Q = 150 l/s) 1.05 m
And the net head:
 Hmax (with Q = 500 l/s) 406 m

14
 Hmin (with Q = 150 l/s) 417 m
2.3.3 Power Station
At the end of penstock a small building will be used for accommodating the power generation
equipment; the electric panels and all the devices necessary for managing the plant in an
efficient and safe way. The building’s foundations will be constructed of reinforced concrete;
whereas the parts above ground level will be built according to the traditional local techniques.
The proposed powerhouse location is in Msanyo area at 8919644 North and 684668 East (UTM
Zone 36 South), at an elevation of 1682m a.s.l. Within the powerhouse or very close to it, the
cabin for the connection with the national grid will be installed, with one room dedicated
exclusively to TANESCO, one for the user and one (containing the metering equipment)
accessible for both. From the powerhouse a short tailrace of 100 m will be constructed, very
simply in the ground, for discharging the turbaned water back into the river system.
Figure 2.2: An illustrative diagram depicting run-of-river hydropower. Source: Edenhofer et
al.2011.

15
2.3.4 Transmission and Distribution System
A three-phase transmission line of 11KV or 33 kV is recommended to meet the country
standard (TANESCO standard). The design of the line will be an overhead line, aluminum
conductor, steel reinforced, bare conductor (ACSR 100 mm), and three conductor system with
earth (wish-bone type). Local made treated wooded poles of 12-10 meter high which are the
standard sizes will be used for the transmission lines. The step-up transformers 250 kVA, 11/33
– 0.4 kV, three phase open to sky, preferably locally manufactured in Arusha, are chosen for
this project. A total length of about 156 km of transmission line will be designed which will
reach Lugarawa Hospital centre and all the villages around at a spacing of 100 metres maximum
and 80 metres minimum between the poles. The distribution lines within the villages will be
designed in a manner that a proper distribution system is put in place for overcoming low
voltage and meeting the set distribution standards. The recommended conductor size is 50 mm
aluminum PCVC insulated conductors (AAC-PVC) for the main distribution lines and 25 mm
(AAC-PVC) for the service lines. Step-down transformers of three types will be involved to step
down from 11,000 V back to 400 V:
 Main transformer 11/0.4-200 kVA for the Lugarawa Hospital and big commercial and
production center;
 Transformer 11/0.4-100 kVA for the Lugarawa mission compound, and villages where
there are some commercial and production activities including the mills and
workshops.
 Transformers 11/0.4-50 kVA fort for the small center and secondary school;
The produced power will be supplied to twenty (20) villages namely Lugarawa, Mkiu, Mlangali,
Itundu, Lufumbu, Ligumbiro, Utilili, Lupanga, Lusala, Masimbwe, Luvuyo, Madope,
Mangalanyene, Manga, Madilu, Ilawa, Mfarasi, Mdilidili, Ilininda and Kiyombo. Also, the
connection for any excess power into the National Grid will be located at Luponde area. The
tariffs to be used for the electricity that will be sold directly to customers of the project will be
at a cost recovery price which will be set by EWURA, while the tariffs to be used for the
electricity that shall be generated and sold to TANESCO will be at the TANESCO rate standard.
The power transmission lines are as shown in appendix 13.

16
Table 2.2 Technical design data for the Proposed Lugarawa SHPP
Hydrological data Maximum flow discharge measured 619 l/s
Minimum flow discharge measured 180 l/s
Mean river flow at the intake 339 l/s
Designed discharges Max = 500l/s
Min = 50l/s
Intake Intake location 0683346; 8920264(UTM Zone 36
South)
Intake type Weir + Side Intake
Weir crest level 2,105m a.m.s.l
Headrace/penstock Headrace tunnel length 1320m
Diameter 700mm
Inclination 0.35%
Powerhouse Powerhouse location 684668; 8919644 (UTM Zone 36
South)
Axis level at the power station 1,682m a.m.s.l
Units and installed capacity 1.7 MW
Potable Turbine types Pelton
Rated speed 1,500 min-1
Rated generation capacity 1,792 kW
Transmission and
distribution lines
Type of grid Grid conected
Length of transmission line 125km
Length of distribution line 100km
Voltage 11kv to 33kv
Power and energy Gross head 418m
Mean annual output 8,100MWh
Nominal maximum power 1.7 MV
2.3.3 Access Roads
A gravel access road of about 2Km from Lugarawa Village to the proposed power plant will be
constructed during the implementation of the proposed Lugarawa SHPP.

17
2.3.5 Construction Camp
It is anticipated that a small temporary construction camp will be located on the project site,
i.e. within 39.31 ha of land acquired by the developer. This facility consist of the following
facilities; offices, accommodation, workshops, storage and holding areas so that just after
obtaining the environmental clearance certificate, the initial required equipment and materials
will immediately have to be transported to the Project site. There will be only limited storage
areas at the Project site, with rock crushing, concrete batching and basic workshops located at
or near the powerhouse. The proposed temporary campsite will cover approximately 10
percent of the total acquired land at the project site.
2.3.6: Electromechanical Equipment
As well as the three gates at the intake and the one of the forebay, there will be a valve at the
penstock inlet and one at its end, with the same diameter of the pipe, and an empting facility of
small diameter (100 mm) at the powerhouse. As to the generation machinery, the specific
speed can be computed, resulting:
Where:
 P = maximum capacity (flow rate = 500; l/s; η = 90%))
 H = head = 406 m
 n = generator rotation speed = 1,500 min-1
The Turbine
The turbine unit is the key long lead time equipment which converts kinetic energy to dynamic
energy. The characteristics of the turbine which will be used in the proposed project are as
follows;
 Type double jets Pelton
 Maximum flow rate 500 l/s
 Minimum flow rate 50 l/s
 Head (with Qmax) 460 m
 Rotation speed (preliminary) 1,500 min-1
 Efficiency at the maximum flow 90 %
 Efficiency at the maximum plant flow 87 %
 Maximum power (at the turbine shaft) 1,792 kW

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