This document provides information about migration presented by Rizwan Mahbub Khan to Ms. Shabnam Jahan's law and justice department. It defines different types of migration such as forced migration, family migration, return migration, legal and illegal migration, irregular migration, refugees, and labor migration. It also discusses push and pull factors, characteristics of migrants, reasons for migrating including economic, social, political and environmental reasons, impacts of migration on rural and urban areas, and challenges to migration.

2. .Our Presentation Topic

3.  Migration Migration
Presented by -
TANGENT
Presented to -
Ms. Shabnam Jahan
Department of Law and justice

4.  Submitted By:
 Rizwan mahbub khan
 ID: 12132101051
 Intake: 30st
 Program: BBA
 Department of Marketing


5.  Migration – the temporary or permanent
movement of people from one place to another

8.  Forced migration includes refugees, asylum
seekers and people forced to move due to
external factors
 Family members - people sharing family ties
joining people who have already entered an
immigration country
 Return migrants - people who return to their
countries of origin after a period in another
country

9.  Legal migrants
 Illegal migrants
 Irregular migrants
 Refugees
 Labour migration

10.  Legal Migrants -
migrants that legally
enter into the
country, have a valid
immigrant visa and
proper documentation
 Illegal migrant – a
person who, owing to
illegal entry or the
expiry of his or her
visa, lacks legal status
in a transit or host
country. The term
applies to migrants
who infringe a
country’s admission
rules and any other
person not authorized
to remain in the host
country

11.  The people who enter or remain in a country
of which they are not a citizen in breach of
national laws.
 The IMO estimates that irregular immigrants
account for one-third to one-half of new
entrants into developed countries, marking
an increase of 20 per cent over the past ten
years

12.  An international migrant worker is defined
by the 1990 United Nations (UN)
International Convention on the Protection
of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and
Members of their Families as “a person who
is to be engaged, is engaged or has been
engaged in remunerated activity in a State
of which he or she is not a national.

13.  Temporary labour migrants (also known as
guest workers or overseas contract workers):
People who migrate for a limited period of time
in order to take up employment and send money
home.
 Highly skilled and business migrants: People
with qualifications as managers, executives,
professionals, technicians or similar, who move
within the internal labour markets of trans-
national corporations and international
organizations, or who seek employment through
international labour markets for scarce skills.
Many countries welcome such migrants and have
special 'skilled and business migration' programs
to encourage them to come.

14.  Labour:
 A voluntary form of migration. Eg skilled
international migration to global cities like
London or Dubai.

15.  Rural –Urban:
 Both forced and voluntary migration
predominantly in developing nations. But
also in developed nations with drought in
Australia.
 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/02/0802
21-nomad-video-vin.html Nomads forced to the
cities

16.  Voluntary:
 Historically occurred as territorial expansion
(colonisers). Now occurs for economic
(employment)/social (to join family or
communities)/better climate.

17.  Involuntary:
 All forms of push factors resulting in
refugees.
Asylum Seeker:
A person who has a right to work and live in a
country for a short time.
Refugee:
A person who has left their home in a country
where they feel unsafe because of persecution or
war, and has applied to stay in another country
where they feel safe. If they are allowed to stay
they become a refugee.

18.  Internal:
 Simply refers to rural urban migration/ push
and pull factors at work within a nation.

19. This is migration within a country.
explain what the following types of
internal migration are.
 Rural to Urban
 Urban to Rural
 Inter-urban
 Intra-urban
 Transmigration

20.  External:
 Refers to international migration such as refugees
and labour migration.

21. International migration is the relatively
long distance movement between
people.
Emigration is the departure of a person
from one country to live permanently in
another.
Immigration is the entrance into a
country of a person with the aim of
living there permanently.
International migration can be
VOLUNTARY or FORCED.

23. TASK 3: These three
people have migrated to
the UK to live and work.
What type of migrants are
they?

25.  Emigration is when someone leaves a
country.
 Immigration is when someone enters a
country.
 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/35271
23.stm Excellent BBC Migration Glossary

26. ? ?

27.  People migrate due to PUSH and PULL
factors
 PUSH factors are those that cause people to
leave an area
 PULL factors are those that encourage
people to move to an area
List push and pull factors that you can think of.

28. Push factors Pull factors
High population pressure
Economic hardship
Poor quality of life
Persecution
Forced out – ethnic cleansing
No jobs
Starvation and disasters
Marriage
Harsh environment
Able to support population
More opportunities
Higher standard of living
Receptive society
Accepts refugees and asylum
seekers
City life – bright lights
Partner works there

31.  People migrate for many different reasons.
These reasons can be classified as either
economic, social, political or
environmental:
 http://www.ancestry.com/learn/library/arti
cle.aspx?article=1436 13 reasons our
ancestors migrated

32.  Migration is a selective process- affects individuals
with certain economic, social, educational and
demographic characteristics
 Social- desire of migrants to break away from
tradition
 Physical- migration sometimes forced by
environmental conditions or catastrophic events
(floods, drought, typhoons)
 Demographic- high rates of rural growth producing
landlessness
 Cultural- security of extended family in destination
 Communications and Transport- growing ease of
learning about and moving to a destination

33.  But the major reason, by general consensus,
is ECONOMIC
 Push from subsistence agriculture to higher
wages
 Potential reverse migration toward rural
areas as result of high unemployment
brought about by lack of employment

34.  Demographic- young men and women between ages 15-
24
 Recently proportion of young women has increased as
educational opportunities have improved- especially in
Latin America and Southeast Asia
 Female migration of two types: ‘associational’ migration
following ‘primary’ male migrant and ‘unattached
females’
 Education- clear association between migration and
educational attainment: more education > greater
propensity to migrate
 But poorly educated also move in search of better life

35. Why do people move?
TASK 5: Write a sub-heading ‘Why do People Move?’ Make a list of all of the
reasons that might make people migrate.
TASK 6: Now label your reasons PUSH FACTORS (things that push people away from
a place) and PULL FACTORS (things that pull people towards a place).
Environmental Strain in Chad

36. TYPES OF
MIGRATION
Internal International
Rural-Urban
Seasonal
Planned
Voluntary
Involuntary
Reasons Consequences

37. MALE Able-bodied
Age 20s – 30s

38. IMPACT
RURAL AREA?
URBAN AREA?
•Depopulation
•Women take on
greater share of
farm work
•Declining farm
productivity
•Social problems,
single-parent family
•Widespread
unemployment
•Rise of squatter
settlements
•Overcrowding,
unhygienic living
conditions
•Strain on urban
facilities
•Rising crime rates
A UN forecast released in 2008 reports that half of all humans will live in urban areas by
the end of the year—and 70 percent
by 2050—even though cities occupy only about 3 percent of Earth's land surface.

40.  The impact of labour migration varies from country to
country. Economic migration can have different effects
resulting from the volume, composition, and
characteristics of the migratory flows as well as the
context in which the flows take place.
 For countries of origin, in addition to the possibility of
providing some relief from unemployment and absorbing
an increase in the labour force, it can provide a form of
developmental support, especially through remittances,
transfer of know-how, and creation of business and trade
networks
 For receiving countries facing labour shortages,
immigration can alleviate labour scarcity, facilitate
occupational mobility, and add to the human capital stock
of the receiving countries

41. Causes
 uneven population
distribution
 plans to develop
undeveloped areas
Effects
 overcome landless
problem & food shortage
 raise std of living eg
introduce cash cropping
 cultural clash between
migrants and locals
 disrupt local way of life
 widespread deforestation
and soil erosion

44. Living conditions in refugee camps are at best subsistence
and nothing more. They can become permanent features.

45.  physical barriers
 immigration policies
 Lack of capital
 Travel costs
 Illiteracy
 Military service
 Language
 Family pressures