This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes. It notes that NCDs are the leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 63% of all annual deaths. Four main NCDs - cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes - account for 82% of NCD deaths. The global burden of NCDs is growing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Risk factors include behaviors like tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity, as well as physiological factors like high blood pressure. The document discusses NCD burdens and risks in South and Southeast Asia specifically, including Bangladesh and Thailand. It emphasizes

1. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
(NCD)
ASSIGNMENT 2
SEMINAR 1
DR. RISHAD CHOUDHURY ROBIN
ID: 59031975
DR.PH. STUDENT, FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH, NU

2. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE (NCD)
 Non communicable diseases are diseases of long duration and generally slow progression.
(WHO)
 Main NCDs are
 Cardiovascular Disease
 Cancer
 Cornice Respiratory Disease
 Diabetes

3. NCD CHARACTERISTICS
Long term
treatment
Limit productivity
Acute care for
complications
More then one
drug
Can be
debilitating and
disabling
Involvement of
family and
friends for holistic
health care
Preventable,
avoidable and
manageable
Finical burden
More then one
health care
provider

4. GLOBAL BURDEN OF NCD
 NCDs, are leading cause of death in the world.
 NCDs representing 63% of all annual deaths.
 NCDs kill more than 38 million people each year.
 More then 9 million NCD deaths occur before the age of 60.
 Some 80% of all NCD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

5. NCD DEATH BY WHO
17.5
8.2
4
1.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
CVD
Cancer
RD
Dm
Million
CVD
Cancer
RD
Dm

6. GLOBAL BURDEN OF NCD (CONT.)

7. GLOBAL BURDEN OF NCD (CONT.)
 Number of NCD deaths annually (WHO)
 Cardiovascular diseases:17.5 million
 Cancers: 8.2 million
 Respiratory diseases: 4 million
 Diabetes: 1.5 million
 These 4 groups of diseases account for 82% of all NCD deaths.
 By 2030, low-income countries will have 8 times more deaths attributed to NCDs than high-
income countries.

8. GLOBAL ACTION PLAN FOR NCD BY WHO (OBJECTIVES )
 To raise the priority accorded to the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in
global, regional and national agendas and internationally agreed development goals, through
strengthened international cooperation and advocacy.
 To strengthen national capacity, leadership, governance, multisectoral action and partnerships
to accelerate country response for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases.
 To reduce modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and underlying social
determinants through creation of health-promoting environments.
 To strengthen and orient health systems to address the prevention and control of
noncommunicable diseases and the underlying social determinants through people-centred
primary health care and universal health coverage.
 To promote and support national capacity for high-quality research and development for the
prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases.
 To monitor the trends and determinants of noncommunicable diseases and evaluate progress
in their prevention and control.

9. GLOBAL NCD TARGETS BY WHO (2025 GOAL)
 25% reduction of premature mortality
 30% reduction of tobacco use
 25% reduction of high blood pressure
 10% reduction of harmful use of alcohol
 10% reduction of physical inactivity
 30% reduction of salt intake
 0% increase of Diabetics
 80% availability of essential medicine and treatment
 50% availability of drugs
25
30
25
10
10
Reduction (%)
premature
mortality
tobacco use
high blood
pressure
harmful use of
alcohol
physical inactivity
salt intake

10. RISK FACTORS OF NCD
 Behavioural risk factors:
 Tobacco use
 Physical inactivity
 Unhealthy diet
 Harmful use of alcohol

11. RISK FACTORS OF NCD (CONT.)
 Physiological and metabolic risk factors:
 Raised blood pressure
 Overweight/ obesity
 Raised blood glucose
 Raised cholesterol

12. RISK FACTORS OF NCD (CONT.)
 Social determinants:
 Educational level
 Household income
 Access to health care

13. NCD IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION
 NCDs are top killers in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR), causing 7.9 million deaths
annually.
 NCDs kill people at a relatively younger age in SEAR compared to the rest of the world; one-
third 34% of deaths in SEAR occur in those below the age of 60 years compared to 23% in
the rest of the world.
 Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes account for the
majority of NCD.

14. NCD IN SOUTH ASIA
 Almost half of the adult disease burden in South Asia is attributable to non-communicable
diseases.
 Environmental factors are the major determinants of almost all non-communicable diseases.
 Obstacles to managing the non-communicable diseases epidemic in South Asia include
 Sedentary lifestyles
 Extreme poverty
 Inadequate health systems

15. NCD IN BANGLADESH
 NCDs now impose the largest health burden in Bangladesh. In terms of the number of lives
lost due to ill health, disability, and early death , NCDs (inclusive of injuries) accounts for 61 %
of the total disease burden.
 NCDs are estimated to account for 59% of total deaths.
 Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), injuries, mental health, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases,
and diabetes are the major NCDs in Bangladesh.
 The proportion of the population 65 years and older will move from 4.5 percent, in 2000, to
6.6 percent, in 2025. Older populations are more likely to be affected by NCDs.

16. NCD IN BANGLADESH (CONT.)
32
9
17
10
11
3
18
Communicable, maternal, perinatal
and nutritional conditions
Injuries
Cardiovascular diseases
Cancers
Chronic respiratory diseases
Diabetes
Other NCDs
PROPORTIONAL MORTALITY (% OF TOTAL DEATHS, ALL AGES, BOTH SEXES)

17. NCD IN BANGLADESH (CONT.)
 Adult risk factors Males Females
 Current tobacco smoking (2011) 48% 25%
 Total alcohol per capita consumption, in litres of pure alcohol (2010) 0.3% 0.2%
 Raised blood pressure (2008) 24.0% 23.8%
 Obesity (2008) 0.9% 1.1%
(Ref: World Health Organization - Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) Country Profiles, 2014)

18. NCD IN THAILAND
 Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes are among the
most significant emerging health concerns in Thailand,
 73% of deaths in Thailand as a result of NCDs (higher than the global average).
 Hospitalization data on morbidity (excluding Bangkok) from NCDs steadily rising from 1032
per 100 000 population in 2001, to 1674 per 100 000 population in 2004 (Bureau of Policy
and Strategy, 2009b).
 In 2002, cardiovascular diseases were the single largest contributor to mortality in Thailand,
estimated by the WHO to represent 20% of all death (WHO, 2009a).

19. NCD IN THAILAND
24
7.1
22.3
8.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Current tobacco
smoking (2011)
Total alcohol
per capita
consumption, in
litres of pure
alcohol (2010)
Raised blood
pressure (2008)
Obesity (2008)
Prevalence (%) of NCD
Current tobacco smoking (2011)
Total alcohol per capita
consumption, in litres of pure
alcohol (2010)
Raised blood pressure (2008)
Obesity (2008)

20. 18
11
29
17
9
4
12
Proportional mortality (% of total deaths, all ages, both sexes)
Communicable, maternal, perinatal
and nutritional conditions
Injuries
Cardiovascular diseases
Cancers
Chronic respiratory diseases
Diabetes
Other NCDs

21. NCD PREVENTION
 More than half of the NCD burden could be avoided through health promotion and prevention
initiatives. (World bank).
 The world now has the largest cohort of young people in history—1.8 billion and 1.5 billion of
these youth live in developing countries.
 WHO identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs
after childhood and before adulthood, from ages 10 to19.
 It represents one of the critical transitions in the life span and is characterized by a
tremendous pace in growth and change that is second only to that of infancy.
 Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social
and economic independence, and development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to
carry out adult relationships and roles, and the capacity for abstract reasoning.

22. NCD PREVENTION (CONT.)
 Adolescence is arguably the last best chance to build positive health habits and limit damaging ones
 Risk factors for NCDs—especially the use of tobacco and alcohol—are often established during
adolescence.
 Insufficient physical activity and unhealthy diet can also lead to an array of negative physical changes in
adolescence such as high blood pressure and overweight/obesity.
 University teachers can be act an ambassador of NCD prevention by transferring their knowledge of
NCD burden to the undergraduate student who are adolescence.
 A fresher's of an university has different dimension of thinking.
 By giving NCD burden and effect through different media can reduce the burden of NCD.

23. OBJECTIVE
 To understand the level of knowledge , awareness, attitudes and behaviors of undergraduate
university teachers about NCD.
 To promote NCD prevention by University Teachers.

24. Thank you