B. Ed physical science

1. By
Rincy E

2. INTRODUCTION
• Discovery of learning was introduced by Jerome. S.
Bruner
• This method is Inquiry based instruction
• This popular theory encourage learners to build on
past experience and knowledge
• It helps to search new information and discover new
things

3. Discovery of learning
Bruner reasearch on the cognitive development of
children (1966).He proposed three modes of
representation

4. Discovery of learning
1.Enactive representation( action-based)
2.Iconic representation(image based)
3.Symbolic representation (language based)

5. Enactive(0-1year)
• This appears first
• It involves encoding action based on information and storing in our
memory
• The child represents past events through motor response
• It is difficult to describe in iconic or symbolic
• Through the movements child produce different sounds
• If we shake a rattle baby must remember the action of shaking a
rattle
1.Enactive(0-1year)
• This appears first
• It involves encoding action based information and storing it in our memory
• The child represents past events through motor response
• It is difficult to describe in iconc or symbolic
• If we shake a rattle baby remember the action of shaking a rattle

6. 2.Iconic(1-6years)
• This is were information is stored visually in the form of images
• This consious, others say they don’t experience it
• This may explain why, when we learn a new subject
• It is often helpful to have diagrams or illustrations to accompany verba
information
2.Iconic(1-6years)
• Information is stored in the gorm of images(a mental picture in
the minds eye
• This is conscious, others say don’t experience it
• This may explain why, when we are learning a new subject
• It is helpful to have diagrams or illustrations to accompany verbal
information

7. 3.Symbolic(7years onwards)
• This develops last
• In this stage information is stored in the form of
a code or symbol, such as language
• This is the most adaptable form of
representation

8. • The actions and images have fixed relation which they represent
• Dog is a symbolic representation of a single class
• Symbols are flexible

9. • Symbols can be manipulated, ordered,
classified...So the user can’t constrained by
actions or images
• In this stage knowledge is primarily stored as
symbols, words or in other symbol systems
• His constructive theory suggests it is more
effective when faced with new things to follow
progression from
1. Enactive to iconic
2. Iconic to symbolic

10. Importance of language
• Language is an important for the increased ability to deal with
abstract concepts
• Bruner argues language can code stimuli and free an individual
from the constraints
• Language provides more complex yet flexible cognition
• He sees infant as an intelligent and active problem solver from
birth, with intellectual abilities is similar to the mature adult

11. Bruner’s model of concept learning
• Bruner suggested a model on concept attainment
and structure in teaching
• He proposes economy in thinking & responding
• It is categories according to their common
attributes
• An attribute is a property or characteristic of an
object which differentiates it from the other

12. • Be categorised as objects having common
Characteristics into on group
• Teacher must identify the attributes
• Bruner suggests that science should not be taught as
a factorial subject but as a tool subject
• bruner studied the strategies people use in acquiring
concepts
• for this he used a set of cards.some cards have
borders others fo not

13. • Each card combines four attributes
• Figure shape, figure number, figure colour &
presence or absence of border
• Each attribute has three values

15. Four Strategies in Concept Attainment
1. Simultaneous Scanning strategy
2. Successive Scanning strategy
3. Conservative Focussing strategy
4. Focus Gambling strategy

16. 1. Simultaneous scanning strategy
Here the correct card is selected other cards
rejected.This technique is not very efficient it
places a great deal of strain in memory

17. 2.Successive scanning
• Subject makes an overall estimate of each
correct characteristics of each concept and
test it one by one.This technique is inefficient

18. 3.Conservative focussing
In this technique each attribute is tested by
selecting a card that is different from a focus
card only one attribute

19. 4.Focus Gambling
Subject focuses on a correct card but varies
more than one attribute at a time

20. Educationalimplications
• According to Bruner (1961) the purpose of education not to
impart knowledge
• Education facilitate a child‘s thinking and problem solving
skills
• Education develops symbolic thinking in children
• In 1960 Bruner’s text ’ The process of education ‘ was
published

21. • The main premise of text was that students are active
learners who can construct their own knowledge
• Bruner opposed Piaget’s notion of readiness
• Bruner argued schools are wasting time

22. • Bruner (1961) proposes that learners construct their on knowledge
and do this by organizing and categorizing information using a coding
system
• The most effective way to develop coding system is to discover it
rather than being told it by a teacher
• The cocept of discovery of learning implies that students construct
their own knowledge for themselves (constructive approach)

23. • The role of teacher is to facilitate the learning process
• A good teacher will design lessons that helps the students to
discover the relationship between bits of information
• To do this a teacher must give information they need
• Use of spiral curriculum can aid the process of discovery
learning
• The role of teacher should not be to teach
information by rote learning

24. CONCLUSION
Discovery of learning Encourage students to take Ownership of
their own educational process .They learn to be curious and how
to find answers to their own questions . They get excited when
they find something new.

25. Thankyou
By
Rincy E