Relations between Pakistan and India

2.  Partition of British India.
 Massacre of Refugees.
 Religious differences.
 Kashmir Dispute.
 War of 1965
 War of 1971
 Indus Water Treaty.

3.  In 1947 India was split into
two countries – India and
Pakistan – by the British
 The partition included the
partition of East Pakistan
(Bangladesh), West Pakistan
and India in the middle.
 However this caused rioting
and it is estimated that
about half a million people
were killed in the dispute
 Still some territories are
fought over, namely
Kashmir. It has been the
source of war.

4.  The partition of British India was the partition of Indian sub-
continent.
 Partition was based on two religions, Islam and Hinduism.
 British India was divided into two independent states, Union of
India and Dominion of Pakistan.
MAP BEFORE PARTITION MAP AFTER PARTITION

5.  After the partition of British India large number of refugees
moved from both countries (India and Pakistan).
 Refugees were killed from both sides.
 Approximately 4 million Hindus Moved from Pakistan to India
and 5-6 million Muslims moved from India to Pakistan.
 The groups of Sikhs and Jathas killed a large number of
Muslim refugees .
 To take revenge Muslims also killed large number of Hindu
refugees.

6. ISLAM:
 Muslims believe in one Allah and
His Prophet (PBUH).
 Muslims sacrifice animals (cows,
goats, camels) for Allah after
every year.
 Muslims offer their prayers in
mosque.
 Music and dancing is forbidden in
Islam.
HINDUISM:
 Hindus have many gods and they
pray for their idols.
 Hindus believe animals
(monkeys, cows, elephants) as
god.
 Hindus pray in their temples.
 Hindus like to learn music and
singing

7.  Kashmir dispute was the major issue that have strained
the relationship between India and Pakistan.
 Its majority population was Muslim but its ruler, Maharaja
HariSingh, was Hindu.
 Ruler wanted Kashmir as an independant state.
 Pakistani forces moved to India to dispatch Kashmir.
 Maharaja was turned to India and asked it to send its
troops to Kashmir.
 India launched an operation and captured large area of
Kashmir.

9. Pakistan India
 Pakistan’s main argument
was that Kashmir population
was mainly made up of
Muslims and so should have
been part of Pakistan.
 According to India the
Maharaja of Kashmir pledged
allegiance to India and not to
Pakistan.

10.  This war was fought to capture the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
 India attacked on it captured some of the border post.
 Pakistan with in a few days liberated a large area of occupied
state.
 India also attacked on Lahore from three sides on September
1965. Pakistan forces moved to face the enemy. The attack of
the Indian army was stopped.
 The war between both the countries lasted for seventeen days
(5th September to 23rd September).

11.  This was the war for the liberty of Bangladesh.
 India attacked on Bangladesh and captured it.
 Pakistan advanced its troops to East Pakistan for the liberty
of it.
 Pakistani forces in East Pakistan surrendered to joint
command of India and People’s Republic of Bangladesh was
created.

12.  The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960
by the Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the
president of Pakistan Mohammad Ayub Khan.
 The Indus system of rivers comprises three western rivers
the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab and the three eastern
rivers - the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi.
 The treaty was that India would not interfere in flow of
Indus water coming to Pakistan.
 India constructed dams against the Indus treaty on river
Indus, Jhelum and Chenab.
 India constructed 41 dams in these rivers and 12 were
under construction.

13.  To improve the relationship between India and Pakistan both
countries will have to;
• Resolve the Kashmir issue.
• Resolve the water treaty.
But these issues are still not yet resolved.

14. Presentation by:
 Rida Syed
 Sania Mahmood
BBA 2