ResearchTalks Vol. 2 - Lab on a chip ... or chip in the lab ?
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Medical and environmental diagnosis is benefiting from the recent efforts in device miniaturization and nanobiotechnology. Small devices able to analyze minute amounts of patient samples have gone their way in laboratories. Those devices are called "lab on a chip" or "µTAS" (micro total analysis system). Their purpose is a faster and easier detection of cancer markers, pathogens, bacteria, etc ... for healthcare, food analysis and the overall environmental quality. Despite their high potential value, most of designed and fabricated devices are still at the research level and remain as "chips in the lab". This talk will go over the current trends in lab on a chip with a focus on possible blocking agents that prevent them to spread in the wild.
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ResearchTalks Vol. 2 - Lab on a chip ... or chip in the lab ?
- 1. Lab on a chip … or chip in the lab? Laurent A. FRANCIS Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) ICTEAM/Electrical Engineering Department Sensors, Microsystems and Actuators Laboratory of Louvain Research Talks Oct. 10, 2011 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- 2. How do you feel today ? Far future ??? 2
- 3. 1 ml Needles in the hay aM fM pM nM µM mM M 103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 1021 # molecules/ml for typical samples 3
- 4. Size does matter! Microfluidics Conventional fluidics nm µm mm m aL fL pL nL µL L µM nM pM fM aM 4
- 5. Bacteria DNA Sample screening Raw sample Cancer cells RNA Hydridization Etc… proteins Sequencing Cell separation Amplification Lysis Centrifugation Polymerase Purification Filtering chain reaction PCR Chiron Tigris Cell lysis for Blood screening Qiagen Symphony 5
- 6. 6
- 7. Chip Cartridge Glass Microreactor made by Micronit Microfluidics 7
- 8. Lab on a Chip - Applications Point of Care Diagnostics Pathogens Drugs discovery Environment control Terrorist threat Forensics & Genomics 8
- 9. µ-FLUIDICS DNA PROTEINS NEURONS CELLS ASSAY ELECTRONICS 9 Inspired from Introduction to bioanalytical sensors. A.J. Cunningham. Wiley: 1998
- 10. PUMPING ELECTROKINETIC MECHANICAL ACOUSTIC CENTRIFUGAL µ-FLUIDICS DNA PROTEINS NEURONS CELLS ASSAY (BIO)CHEMICAL SELECTIVE RECOGNITION EVENT PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS 10 Inspired from Introduction to bioanalytical sensors. A.J. Cunningham. Wiley: 1998
- 11. PUMPING ELECTROKINETIC MECHANICAL ACOUSTIC CENTRIFUGAL µ-FLUIDICS DNA PROTEINS NEURONS CELLS ASSAY (BIO)CHEMICAL SELECTIVE RECOGNITION EVENT PHYSICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC OR ELECTROCHEMICAL THERMAL ELECTROMECHANICAL AMPERO- CONDUCTO- POTENTIO- METRIC METRIC OPTICAL ACOUSTIC METRIC ELECTRONICS RESPONSE PROCESSING READOUT 11 Inspired from Introduction to bioanalytical sensors. A.J. Cunningham. Wiley: 1998
- 12. When Microtech met Biotech Interface – smart coa:ngs / Self-‐Assembled Monolayers Transducer 12
- 13. Biosensors Immunosensors http://www.microsens.ch • Electrical/Electrochemical • Op6cal • Acous6c – Ion Sensi:ve FET (pH) – Surface Plasmon Resonance – Quartz Crystal Microbalance – Waveguides – Surface Acoustic Wave – Interdigitated electrodes Surface func6onaliza6on – In-‐liquid opera6on – Affinity binding – Surface (volume) sensing 13
- 14. Research to create an autonomous micro-chemistry lab involves exploring science in a micro-domain where properties can run counter to normal intuition (Sandia National Laboratories, April 23, 1998) Photo by Randy Montoya In 1998: In five to 10 years, future devices should be able to simultaneously identify hundreds of liquids and gases. 14
- 15. Pros and cons of LOC Fast! Fast evaporation Small volumes Concentration? Low power Laminar flow Ease of use Poor scaling Field-portable Large dimension wrt Si Cheap materials Packaging 15
- 16. Worldwide market for microfluidic technologies In 2007 MEMS market 6 Billions $ Consumer electronics 160 Billions $ Source BCC, Inc. http://www.bccresearch.com/report/SMC036B.html 16
- 17. Research @UCL - Bacteria on IDAMOS Large capacitance shifts due to mirror charges 50 fF/bact. 10 nS/bact. Sensor surface 200 x 200 um2 17
- 18. Research @UCL - Injection molding of COC COC – Cyclic Olefin Copolymer The several advantages of COC • Optically transparent (cut off at 320 nm) • High Tg (170°C), comparable to PMMA, much better than PDMS • High chemical resistance • Low non-specific binding with biochemical species • Processed by injection molding high throughput/low cost Injection molding replica from Si mold in PMMA and COC UCL/SIRRIS Wallonie 18
- 19. The 10 major hurdles Device - related People - related 1. Counter-intuitive 1. Low critical mass operation principles 2. Lack of 2. Hybrid technologies, cross-fertilization not standard to IC 3. Missing confidence microfabrication 4. Sharing protocols 3. Low signal/noise 5. Regulations, norms and 4. Reliability issue market constraints 5. Lack of true autonomy Picture http://caitlinlawrence.deviantart.com 19
- 20. From Chip in the lab to Lab on a Chip You have an idea? • Interdisciplinary platform with practicians, engineers in various disciplines, chemists, economists, … • Educationnal aspects?! • Not one but many prototypes as a key to success! • Large(r) investments and ventures 20
- 21. Thank you for your attention!! UCL Microsystems Chair – SMALL research group Contact Laurent.Francis@uclouvain.be Website http://www.uclouvain.be/chair-microsystems