Advanced Technologies for Municipal Water Treatment

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Advanced Technologies for Municipal Water Treatment
Published on April 2011

Report Summary

Combined, the U.S. market for advanced drinking water technologies, made up of membrane filtration, ozone disinfection, UV
irradiation, and novel oxidation processes is estimated at nearly $1.9 billion in 2011 and is growing at a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 8.2% through 2016. Well proven in terms of efficiency, reliability, and longevity, membrane technology for municipal
drinking water is valued at $1.4 billion in 2011, with a predicted compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8% throughout the forecast
period to reach $2 billion in 2016. The market value of advanced disinfection systems, lead by chloramines, is estimated at $478.5
million in 2011 and is growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.9% to reach $734 million in 2016.

INTRODUCTION

Depending upon the source and what is included in the estimate, the global market for water and wastewater treatment equipment is
reportedly valued at $400 billion to $500 billion. Between $65 billion and $75 billon is related specifically to equipment.

According to the United Nations’ Third World Water Development Report (2009), up to $148 billion will need to be invested
worldwide in water supplies and wastewater services annually to 2025. That figure reflects chronic underinvestment in water
infrastructure. This problem is manifest not only in the developing world, but also in advanced economies, which will need to make
considerable investments in the coming years just to maintain services.

The majority of expenditures for water treatment are for conventional water equipment and chemicals; however, an ever growing
percentage relates to advanced treatment technologies, including membrane filtration, ultraviolet irradiation, ozone disinfection, and
some novel disinfectant systems.

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This BCC marketing report provides an in-depth analysis of the market for advanced municipal drinking water treatment. These
methods include membrane filtration, ultraviolet irradiation, ozone disinfection, and a few emerging novel processes. These so-called
advanced technologies are known as “advanced” due to their improved effectiveness against a growing range of
regulated drinking water contaminants, their decreased production of waste, their nonhazardous properties, their diminished demand
for chemical additives, and sometimes their lower energy requirements.

Municipal drinking water treatments, whether physical, biological, or chemical processes, range in sophistication from ancient sieving
methods to state-of-the-art computer-controlled techniques. Conventional drinking water treatment is accomplished by methods
hundreds of years old. Processes consist of one or more of the following steps: flocculation and sedimentation, in which small
particles coagulate into larger ones and settle out of the water stream; rapid sand filtration, to remove remaining particles; and
disinfection with chlorine, to kill microbes. None of the traditional technologies will be evaluated in this report except to make
comparisons to advanced treatments.

Advanced Technologies for Municipal Water Treatment (From Slideshare) Page 1/7


Technical and market drivers are considered in evaluating the current value of the technologies and in forecasting growth and trends
over the next 5 years. The conclusions are illustrated with statistical information on markets, applications, industry structure, and
dynamics along with technological developments.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

This report is intended for those who require a thorough analysis of the advanced municipal drinking water treatment industry. It
traces significant developments and forecasts important trends, quantifies the various market sectors, and profiles companies active
in those areas. Because of the fragmented nature of the industry, it is difficult to find studies that gather extensive data from diverse
resources and analyze it in the context of a comprehensive document. This report contains a unique collection of information and
conclusions that is difficult to find elsewhere.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This comprehensive report aims to provide those interested in investment, acquisition, or expansion into the advanced drinking water
treatment market with specific, detailed information crucial to making educated decisions. Senior marketing personnel, venture
capitalists, executive planners, research directors, government officials, and suppliers to the water industry who want to discover and
exploit current or projected market niches should find this report of value. Nonindustry readers who wish to understand how
regulations, market pressures, and technology interact in the arena also will find this study worthwhile.

SCOPE OF REPORT

This report examines the market for four categories of advanced municipal water treatment: membrane filtration, ultraviolet irradiation,
ozone disinfection, and some novel advanced oxidation processes. Five-year projections are provided for market activity and value.
Industry structure, technological trends, pricing considerations, R&D, government regulations, company profiles, and competitive
technologies are included in the study.The report is primarily a study of the U.S. market, but due to the international presence of some
industry participants, global activities are included when appropriate.

METHODOLOGY

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this study. A comprehensive literature, patent, and
Internet search was undertaken and key industry players were queried. Research methodology was both quantitative and qualitative.
Growth rates were calculated based on existing and proposed equipment sales for each of the advanced methods during the forecast
period. A key table in the report’s overview presents the average capital cost per gallon of water treated by technology type.
These figures then were multiplied by anticipated treatment capacity additions during the survey period.

Consumables used in the processes, replacement membranes, UV lamps, and so on, were also taken into account. Values are given
in U.S. dollars; forecasts are made in constant U.S. dollars, and growth rates are compounded. Calculations for system sales do not
include design or engineering costs.

Table of Content

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY INTENDED AUDIENCE
SCOPE OF REPORT METHODOLOGY INFORMATION SOURCES ANALYSTS CREDENTIALS RELATED REPORTS BCC



ONLINE SERVICES DISCLAIMER CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY TABLE VALUE OF THE MARKET FOR
ADVANCED MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENTS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) SUMMARY FIGURE VALUE OF THE MARKET
FOR ADVANCED MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT, 2002-2016 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW DRINKING
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT TABLE 1 TOTAL 20-YEAR NEED BY SYSTEM SIZE, SYSTEM
TYPE, AND PROJECT TYPE ($ BILLIONS, 2007 DOLLARS) FIGURE 1 TOTAL 20-YEAR NEED BY SYSTEM SIZE, SYSTEM
TYPE, AND PROJECT TYPE ($ BILLIONS, 2007 DOLLARS) NEEDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SDWA TABLE 2 TOTAL 20-YEAR
NATIONAL REGULATORY NEED TO COMPLY WITH SWDA ($ BILLIONS, 2007 DOLLARS) Existing Regulations Microbial
Contaminants Chemical Contaminants Proposed or Recently Promulgated Regulatory Needs TABLE 3 TOTAL NATIONAL 20-YEAR
NEED FOR PROPOSED AND RECENTLY PROMULGATED REGULATIONS ($ BILLIONS, 2007 DOLLARS) FEDERAL
INVESTMENT IN CLEAN WATER STATE BUDGETS ECOS SURVEY MUNICIPAL BUDGETS WATER AVAILABILITY AND USAGE
IN THE U.S. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS TABLE 4 TRENDS IN U.S. WATER USE THROUGH
2005, (BILLION GALLONS PER DAY) CLIMATE CHANGE POTABLE WATER COST CAPITAL COSTS OF ADVANCED WATER
TREATMENT EQUIPMENT TABLE 5 CAPITAL COSTS OF ADVANCED WATER TREATMENT, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE
(AVERAGE $ PER GALLON, BY PLANT SIZE) WATER REUSE HISTORY OF DRINKING WATER TREATMENT TABLE 6 A BRIEF
HISTORY OF DRINKING WATER TREATMENT, 4000 B.C.-2011 OVERVIEW OF ADVANCED MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION TABLE 7 ETV DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS
EVALUATIONS, 1999-2009 DRINKING WATER TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS Particle Filtration Disinfection Disinfection
Byproducts Trihalomethanes Haloacetic Acids Alternate Forms of Chlorine Alternatives to Chlorine OzoneUltraviolet Light TABLE 8
COMPARISON OF DISINFECTION METHODS Membrane Filtration CONTINUED RELIANCE ON CHLORINE TABLE 9
DISINFECTION METHODS USED BY WATER TREATMENT PLANTS (%) FIGURE 2 DISINFECTION METHODS USED BY
WATER TREATMENT PLANTS (%) THE COSTS OF COVERTING TO NON-CHLORINE DISINFECTION TABLE 10 COST OF
CONVERTING TO NON-CHLORINE ALTERNATIVES AT MUNICIPAL DRINKING WATER PLANTS ($ THOUSANDS) FIGURE 3
COST OF CONVERTING TO NON-CHLORINE ALTERNATIVES AT MUNICIPAL DRINKING WATER PLANTS ($ THOUSANDS)
TABLE 11 FORMS OF CHLORINE IN USE AS PRIMARY TREATMENT AT DRINKING WATER PLANTS, 2010 (%) FIGURE 4
FORMS OF CHLORINE IN USE AS PRIMARY TREATMENT AT DRINKING WATER PLANTS, 2010 (%) THE MULTI-BARRIER
APPROACH REGULATORY CLIMATE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT TABLE 12 NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER
REGULATIONS TABLE 13 NATIONAL SECONDARY DRINKING WATERREGULATIONS 1996 Amendments to the SDWA
LT1ESWTR, LT2ESWTR THE STAGE 2 DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS RULE Groundwater Rule Drinking Water Contaminant
Candidates TABLE 14 DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANT CANDIDATE LIST 3 (SEPTEMBER 2010) Emerging Pathogens
Adenoviruses Caliciviruses Coxsackieviruses EchovirusesHelicobacter pylori Mycobacterium avium complex Emerging Inorganic
Contaminants Perchlorate Emerging Organic Contaminants MTBE Endocrine Disrupters, Pharmaceuticals, and Other Organic
Contaminants TABLE 15 CCL3-LISTED CONTAMINANTS WITHOUT SUITABLE ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR NATIONAL
DRINKING WATER OCCURRENCE STUDIES TABLE 15 (CONTINUED) CHEMICAL SECURITY CAP Survey INDUSTRY
STRUCTURE THE URGE TO MERGE Why Merge' TABLE 16 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE WATER TREATMENT
INDUSTRY, 1996-2010 CONTINUED CONSOLIDATION U.S. Suppliers Foreign Vendors ENGINEERING FIRMS ACTIVE IN
MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT TOP ENGINEERING FIRMS IN WATER TABLE 17 TOP 20 ENGINEERING FIRMS INVOLVED
IN THE WATER SUPPLY SECTOR, 2010 AECOM Technology Black & Veatch CDM CH2M Hill HDR Louis Berger Group MWH
Global, Inc. Parsons Group Tetra Tech URS Corp. PATENT SURVEY PATENT TRENDS BY TECHNOLOGY TABLE 18 PATENTS
BY TECHNOLOGY, JANUARY 12, 2001 TO JANUARY 11, 2011 (NUMBER/%) FIGURE 5 PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY, JANUARY
12, 2001 TO JANUARY 11, 2011 (%) PATENT TRENDS BY COMPANY TABLE 19 PATENTS BY COMPANY, JANUARY 12, 2001,
TO JANUARY 11, 2011 (NUMBER/%) FIGURE 6 PATENTS BY COMPANY, JANUARY 12, 2001 TO JANUARY 11, 2011 (%)
MEMBRANE FILTRATION MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH TABLE 20 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR MEMBRANE FILTRATION
IN MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 7 SALES AND
PROJECTIONS FOR MEMBRANE FILTRATION IN MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT, BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2002-2016 ($
MILLIONS) OVERVIEW Membrane Configurations Flux Modes of Filtration Membrane Fouling Filtration Processes FIGURE 8
COMPARISON OF MEMBRANE PROCESSES TABLE 21 INSTALLED CAPACITY OF MUNICIPAL MEMBRANE PLANTS, BY
TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2011 (%) FIGURE 9 INSTALLED CAPACITY OF MUNICIPAL MEMBRANE PLANTS, BY TECHNOLOGY
TYPE, 2011 (%) RO RO Membranes Membrane Cost Pretreatment to RO Desalination Benefits and Drawbacks Brine Membrane



Manufacturers and Products TABLE 22 PRIMARY RO PRODUCTS FOR U.S. MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENTRO System
Manufacturers and Products Installed Capacity TABLE 23 FULL-SCALE RO DRINKING WATER INSTALLATIONS IN THE U.S.
(EXISTING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2010) NF NF Membrane System Manufacturers TABLE 24 PRIMARY NF PRODUCTS
FOR U.S. MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENTInstalled Capacity TABLE 25 FULL SCALE NF DRINKING WATER INSTALLATIONS
IN THE U.S. (EXISTING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2010) ELECTRODIALYSIS REVERSAL Benefits and Drawbacks EDR
Membranes/Systems Installed Capacity TABLE 26 FULL SCALE EDR DRINKING WATER INSTALLATIONS IN THE U.S.
(EXISTING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2010) MF Benefits and Drawbacks MF Membranes/Systems TABLE 27 PRIMARY MF
PRODUCTS FOR U.S. MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENTInstalled Capacity TABLE 28 FULL SCALE MF DRINKING WATER
INSTALLATIONS IN THE U.S. (COMPLETED AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2010) UF UF Membranes/Systems TABLE 29
PRIMARY UF PRODUCTS FOR U.S. MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENTInstalled Capacity TABLE 30 FULL SCALE UF DRINKING
WATER INSTALLATIONS IN THE U.S. (EXISTING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2010)COST AND EFFECTIVENESS OF
MEMBRANE FILTRATION TABLE 31 TYPICAL MEMBRANE SYSTEM SPECS (10MGD SYSTEM) INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS
TABLE 32 COMPANIES SELLING MEMBRANE PRODUCTS FOR MUNICIPAL DRINKING WATER TREATMENT COMPANY
PROFILES ASAHI KASEI DOW CHEMICAL CO. GENERAL ELECTRIC WATER & PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES HYDRANAUTICS,
INC. Products INFILCO DEGREMONT, INC. INGE WATERTECHNOLOGIES AG ITT INDUSTRIES KATHYD TECHNOLOGY KOCH
MEMBRANE SYSTEMS Products MEMBRANA-CHARLOTTE NORIT MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY PALL CORP. SIEMENS AG
TORAY INDUSTRIES TRISEP CORP. MARKET SHARE TABLE 33 MEMBRANE MARKET SHARE, BY COMPANY, 2010 (%)
FIGURE 10 MEMBRANE MARKET SHARE BY COMPANY, 2010 (%) OZONE MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH TABLE 34 SALES
AND PROJECTIONS FOR OZONE DISINFECTION IN MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE
11 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR OZONE DISINFECTION IN MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT, 2002-2016 ($ MILLIONS)
OVERVIEW Mechanisms of Ozone Disinfection Other Contaminants Oxidized Generating O3 Dispersing the Gas Ozone with
Hydrogen Peroxide DRAWBACKS AND BENEFITS Bromate INSTALLED CAPACITY TABLE 35 U.S. OZONE INSTALLATIONS
(EXISTING AND UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 2010) COST AND EFFECTIVENESS OF OZONE TREAMENT TABLE 36 TYPICAL
OZONE SYSTEM SPECS (10 MGD INSTALLATION) INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS TABLE 37 OZONE GENERATOR
MANUFACTURERS AND PRODUCTS COMPANY PROFILES CLEARWATER TECH, INC. ClearWater Generators FUJI ELECTRIC
ITT WEDECO WEDECO Ozone Technologies WEDECO Generators MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTS, INC. OZONIA
GROUP XF Generators PROMINENT DOSIERTECHNIK GMBH ProMinent Generators MARKET SHARE TABLE 38 OZONE
MARKET SHARE, BY COMPANY, 2010 (%) FIGURE 12 OZONE MARKET SHARE, BY COMPANY, 2010 (%) ULTRAVIOLET
LIGHT MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH TABLE 39 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR UV IN MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 13 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR UV IN MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT,
2002-2016 ($ MILLIONS) OVERVIEW UV Lamps Reactor Types Benefits and Drawbacks UV EQUIPMENT TABLE 40 UV
MANUFACTURERS AND PRODUCTS INSTALLED CAPACITY TABLE 41 U.S. UV DRINKING WATER INSTALLATIONS, 2010
COST AND EFFECTIVENESS OF UV IRRADIATION TABLE 42 TYPICAL UV SYSTEM SPECS (10 MGD INSTALLATION)
INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS COMPANY PROFILES AQUIONICS CALGON CARBON CORP. Sentinel System Rayox System
INFILCO DEGREMONT, INC. Aquaray H2O ITT INDUSTRIES Spektrotherm Lamps BX, LBX Series Systems K-Series Spektron
SEVERN TRENT SERVICESUltraDynamics UV TROJAN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. UVSwift System UVSwift SC System Torrent
WALLACE & TIERNAN Barrier A Barrier M Trident HS MARKET SHARE TABLE 43 U.S. UV MARKET SHARE, BY COMPANY, 2010
(%) FIGURE 14 U.S. UV MARKET SHARE, BY COMPANY, 2010 (%) NOVEL DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGIES MARKET SIZE
AND GROWTH TABLE 44 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR NOVEL DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN MUNICIPAL WATER
TREATMENT, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 15 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR NOVEL DISINFECTION
TECHNOLOGIES IN MUNICIPAL WATER TREATMENT, 2002-2016 ($ MILLIONS) OVERVIEW Hypochlorites Chloramines
Chlorimination and Lead Cities Disinfecting with Chloramines TABLE 45 U.S. CITIES DISINFECTING WITH CHLORAMINES
Chlorine Dioxide Chlorite/Chlorate NDMA NOVEL TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation
Disinfection with Chloramine On-Site Chlorine Dioxide Production Mixed Oxidant Disinfection COST AND EFFECTIVENESS OF
NOVEL DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 46 NOVEL DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARED (TYPICAL 10 MGD
PLANT) MANUFACTURERS OF NOVEL DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS TABLE 47 MANUFACTURERS OF
NOVEL DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS/COMPANY PROFILES CDG
ENVIRONMENTAL Gas: Solid System ELECTROLYTIC TECHNOLOGIES CORP. Klorigen GE WATER TECHNOLOGIES MIOX



CORP. On-Site Hypochlorite Generators On-Site Mixed Oxidant Generators PEPCON SYSTEMS SEVERN TRENT
SERVICESClorTec Generators Biochem Generator WALLACE & TIERNAN/SIEMENS Chlorine Dioxide Systems OSEC CHAPTER
FOUR: INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS WORLD ACCESS TO WATER MILLENNIUM GOALS WORLD BANK WATER PROJECTS
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PROJECTIONS TABLE 48 TOP GLOBAL IMPORTERS OF WATER FILTERING AND PURIFYING
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS, 2009 (%) FIGURE 16 TOP GLOBAL IMPORTERS OF WATER FILTERING AND PURIFYING
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS, 2009 (%) TABLE 49 TOP GLOBAL EXPORTERS OF WATER FILTERING AND PURIFYING
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS, 2009 (%) FIGURE 17 TOP GLOBAL EXPORTERS OF WATER FILTERING AND PURIFYING
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS, 2009 (%) TOP EXPORT MARKETS FOR U.S. COMPANIES TABLE 50 TOP U.S. EXPORT
MARKETS FOR WATER FILTERING AND PURIFYING MACHINERY AND APPARATUS, 2006-2009 ($ THOUSANDS)
“BEST PROSPECT” COUNTRIES TABLE 51 BEST PROSPECT MARKETS FOR U.S. EXPORTS OF WATER
RESOURCE EQUIPMENT, JUNE 2010 Bermuda Water Needs Brazil Water Needs Chile Water Needs China Water Needs
CroatiaWater Needs DjiboutiWater Needs Finland Water Needs France Water Needs Hong Kong Water Needs Hungary Water
Needs Macao Water Needs Mexico Water Needs Monaco Water Needs Oman Water Needs Philippines Water Needs Portugal Water
Needs Saudi Arabia Water Needs Taiwan Water Needs Thailand Water Needs APPENDIX I GLOSSARY APPENDIX II U.S. WATER
ASSOCIATIONS APPENDIX III PATENT SURVEY TABLE 52 PATENT SURVEY

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