Real-Time Communications and the Industrial Internet of Things

Real-Time Communications and the
Industrial Internet of Things
Sara Granados Cabeza, Ph.D.
sara@rti.com
Real-Time Innovations Inc.

2014 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.
Let me introduce myself...
● Computer Engineering (2001-2006)
○ Final project: Visual processing
platform based on artificial
retinas
● Master in Computer Engineering and
Networks (2006-2007)
● Ph.D. (2007-2012)
○ Thesis: Efficient architecture to
condensate visual information
driven by attention processes
■ SlideShare
○ Research stays in Leuven
(Belgium)
● Software Engineer at RTI (2011-)
○ Lead engineer of the integration
with LabVIEW
○ C/C++ Tools Engineer

… And let me introduce RTI
● Spin-off Stanford Aerospace Robotic Lab
● Worldwide company
○ USA (HQ), Canada, UK, and Spain
● We build real-time middleware and related
tools
○ Customers: medical, energy, mining,
air traffic control, trading, automotive,
unmanned systems, industrial
SCADA, ground stations, and science
● OMG members
○ Define the DDS standard with other
vendors
● Spain Development Center
○ Core, Tools, Performance, Platforms
and Support

What we do?
Application
Middleware
Network Stack
Application
Middleware
Network Stack
● We build real-time middleware
○ Real Time Connext
● What is middleware?
○ Handles discovery, connection,
failures, ...
○ Easy programing: simpler APIs
Application
Middleware
Network Stack
pub/sub
API
Socket
API

Industrial Internet of Things
Hype or revolution?

The Internet of Things
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

Internet of Things?
+

Multiple Definitions
Cisco “Internet of Everything”
…the latest wave of the Internet -- connecting physical
objects…to provide better safety, comfort, and efficiency
IBM “Internet of Things”
…a completely new world-wide web, one comprised of the
messages that digitally empowered devices would send to one
another. It is the same Internet, but not the same Web.
GE “Industrial Internet”
…convergence of machine and intelligent data…to create
brilliant machines
RTI “Your Systems. Working as One.”
…an entirely new utility. As profound as the cell network,
GPS, or the Internet itself. The Internet of Things and the
Intelligent Systems it enables will fundamentally change our
world.

What do we know about IIoT?
Forbes magazine recently published an independent market study that
ranked major Industrial IoT influencers, which included RTI, Google, Cisco, GE,
Omron and others. CIO Review also recognized RTI as one of the Top 50 Most
Promising Internet of Things Companies in 2014.

Industrial Internet Consortium
●

The future: Smart Systems
Real-Time
Analytics
and Control
Operator
HMI
Sensors Actuators
IT and Cloud
Integration
DATA DISTRIBUTION

What connects the Things?
IIoT Standard Protocols

IIoT Protocol Taxonomy
• Access
– Link sparse
endpoints
– XMPP
• Process
– Biz intelligence
– Centralized/ESB
– ~100ms
– MQ/AMQP
• Collect
– Collect data
– Hub & spoke
– ~10ms
– MQTT/CoAP
• Control, distribute
– DataBus
– ~0.1 ms
– DDS
Web Services and Business Apps
Devices and Intelligent Systems
Control: DDS
Access:
XMPP, REST Collect:
MQTT, CoAP
Process: AMQP

AMQP: Process Device Data
Advanced Message
Queuing Protocol
(AMQP)

AMQP Queuing Model

XMPP: Access Device Data
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

MQTT: Collect Device Data
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)

DDS: Distribute Device Data
Real-Time
Analytics &
Control
Operator HMI
Sensors Actuators
Cloud
Integration
Data Distribution Service (DDS)

Many Others

The DDS Standard
● OMG!
● Interoperability
● Standards family
○ DDS 1.2 (API)
○ RTPS 2.0 (Wire prototocol)
○ X-Types (Extensibility)
○ WEB-DDS
○ UML Profile
○ PSM (C++, Java)
○ Security (WIP)
○ RPC (WIP)
http://portals.omg.org/dds/

Data-centricity example

Data Centric Model
● Data drive the communication
○ Data type and content define the interactions
○ e.g. Temperature data
● Topic is the exchange unit
○ Name + Type
○ Samples are univocally identified by keys (like in DB)
○ QoS per publication: matched vs. offered
● Global Data Space
○ Applications publish topics to a global data space
○ Global shared cache
Temp Writer
Temp Writer
Pressure
Writer
Temp
Reader
Pressure
Reader
Pressure
Reader
Topic: Temp
Topic: Pressure

Publish/Subscribe
● Paradigm shift:
○ From “give me your information” to “send me your data have when
you have more”
● Applications specify what can provide and what are they interested in
○ Middleware handles sending, reception and conversion
○ e.g. “I offer temperature data”, “I’m interested in pressure data”
● Applications are matched by interests:
Temp
Publisher
Temp
Subscriber
Temp
Subscriber
Pressure
Subscriber

Data Centric Model
● Decentralized
● Acts as a distributed database/cache
● No servers involved
Source Longitude Latitude Altitude
UAV1 37.4 -120 500
UAV2 40.1 -23 433
UAV3 50 -1 100
Virtual Data Space
Source Event Code
UAV1 WARNING FUEL_LOW
UAV2 INFO LANDINGUAV1
UAV2
UAV3
All about
UAV1
All UAV
positions

Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of Service Quality of service
DURABILITY USER_DATA
HISTORY TOPIC_DATA
READER DATA LIFECYCLE GROUP_DATA
WRITER DATA LIFECYCLE PARTITION
LIFESPAN PRESENTATION
ENTITY FACTORY DESTINATION ORDER
RESOURCE LIMITS OWNERSHIP
RELIABILITY OWNERSHIP STRENGTH
TIME BASED FILTER LIVELINESS
DEADLINE LATENCY BUDGET
CONTENT FILTERS TRANSPORT PRIORITY
VolatilityInfrastructureDelivery
UserPresentationRedundancyTransport

DDS & IoT
● Access
○ Link sparse endpoints
○ XMPP
● Process
○ Biz intelligence
○ Centralized/ESB
○ ~100ms
○ MQ/AMQP
● Collect
○ Collect data
○ Hub & spoke
○ ~10ms
○ MQTT/CoAP
● Control, distribute
○ DataBus
○ ~.01ms
○ DDS
Web services and
Bussiness aps
Control
Collect
Process
Access

Who and where
Real world successful examples
http://www.rti.com/industries/iot.html

IIoT from different fields

Industrial control
● Siemens
○ Industry 4.0 (video)
■ More flexible
manufacturing
processes:
● customer-defined products
○ Predictive maintenance
○ Replenishment location and
weight sensors.
● Avionics
○ “Product memory” and smart
tools.
● Joy Mining

Robotics
● NASA / ESA
○ Share data over
disadvantaged links (video)
○ Remote control from satellite
(video)
○ Coordination between sensors
and actuators
○ 3D printing replacements
● Unmanned vehicles
○ SAR

Energy
● Siemens Wind Power
○ IT integration for
maintenance
● LocalGrid
○ Monitor and control
● Grand Coulee Dam
○ Large US Electricity Producer

Medical: Control and Integration
● Hospital management
○ Continuous treatment
○ Preventing 50.000
deaths/year (article)
● Patient monitoring
○ DDS connects devices with
decision engines
○ 60% emergency vehicles!

Connecting devices with hospitals to provide better treatment
while en-route
4G/LTE
EMS: Cloud Integration

Medical: Imaging and treatment
● Imaging
○ GE Healtcare (link)
● Treatment
○ Mevion’s Proton-Beam
Radiation Therapy system
zaps tumors with
accelerated protons

● Volkswagen
○ VW Driver Assistance and
Integrated Safety
■ radars, laser range finders,
and video integration
○ Avoid obstacles, detect lane
departures, track eye activity,
and safely negotiate bends
● Audi
○ (video)
● Bridge high speed
networking to the CAN bus
Transportation: Smart cars

● A modern car contains 100+
CPUs
● Audi uses hardware-in-the-
loop simulation to feed
realistic data to components
in a lab for testing
● RTI middleware enables a
modular test environment
that scales to work with
hundreds of devices
Transportation: Distributed testing

Transportation
● Rail Tracking
● Flight Training Simulators
● Air Traffic Control
○ NAV Canada: 2nd ANSP in
the world
○ 24x7 Operation

How to choose a protocol?
Picking an Architecture

Types of Middleware
Point-to-Point Client/Server Publish/Subscribe Data-Centric
DataBus
Queuing

How to Choose?

Identify Your Primary Challenge
Web Services and Business Apps
Control: DDS
Access:
XMPP, REST Collect:
MQTT, CoAP
Process: AMQP

Choose MQTT If…
• Think of it as collection?
• Little device-device communications?
• Large number of devices?
• Very small devices?
• 3 or 4 => MQTT
Collect:
MQTT, CoAP

Choose AMQP If…
• Distributing work, not information?
• Just send A to B?
• Speed & CPU use not important?
• Can’t lose anything?
• 3 or 4 => AMQP
Process: AMQP

Choose XMPP/REST If…
• Use the word “my”?
• Few connectivity points in large space?
• Speed & CPU use not important?
• “Always” connected?
• 3 or 4 => XMPP or REST

Choose DDS If…
• Disaster if offline for 5 minutes?
• Measure performance in ms or us? Or scale
>100+ applications? Or 10k+ data values?
• Code actively developed for >3 yrs?
• 2 or 3 => DDS
Control: DDS

Unit DataBus
Unit DataBus
Extend End-to-End
• Connect…
– Fast
– Seamless
– QoS controlled
– Secure
– Data centric
• …80 Platforms…
– Micro controllers
– Certified systems
– Embedded
– Mobile
– Desktop
– Cloud
• …over 12 Transports
– UDP or TCP
– D/TLS (secure)
– Wireless or wired
– Shared memory
– Backplane
– Cloud virtual connect
Intelligent
Machines
Intelligent
Systems
Intelligent
Industrial
Internet
Cloud DataBus
Site DataBus
Intelligent
System of
Systems
Unit DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus

Example Protocol Challenges in Power
Grid Control
Optimize BillingBalance Grid
Collect
Meter Data Turn My
Lights
Off
Manage Loading
Distributed Control
SCADA Control
Device Service
REST CoAP

Conclusions
● The IoT is Huge
○ Many challenges!
○ Many technologies, many protocols
● Design for Best Fit
○ Determine your hardest problem
○ Choose the primary protocol to solve it
● Build a coherent data space
○ Extend your primary choice to its reasonable limits
○ Route to integrate legacy & best-of-class
technologies

RTI Community
Community Portal:
http://community.rti.com/
Blog:
http://blogs.rti.com/
Case+Code:
www.rti.com/usecases
Github:
https://github.com/rticommunity
Twitter: @RealTimeInnov

Case + Code
https://www.rti.com/resources/usecases/
● Use case based walkthroughs
● Design, code and settings
Chocolate Factory Vehicle Tracking
Cloud/IoT Monitoring Video Streaming

RTI University Program
● Free licenses for research projects
● Conference grants
● Projects and Thesis
○ Degree, Master, PhD, …
■ Contact us!!
○ Research
● Collaboration with Universities
○ University of Granada Tech Challenge
○ Open research opportunities and challenges!
■ Security, scalability, ...
http://www.rti.com/resources/university-program.html

2015 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.2015 © Real-Time Innovations Inc.Image from: https://blogs.dal.ca/csc/2012/03/06/internships/

RTI Internships
● What are we looking for
○ Software Engineers
■ Computer Science Degree
(or similar)
○ C/C++
○ Java, C# and scripting is a plus
○ Ability to work in distributed
teams
○ English !!
● Emple@ Joven (link)
○ Finish degree in 2011-2012 or
2012-2013
○ Live in Andalucia
○ 9 months, 25h/week
Spain Development
Center
● Granada
● Young team
● Core, Tools, Platforms &
Support Teams
http://www.rti.com/careers

Thanks for your attention!
Any questions?

Real-Time Communications and the Industrial Internet of Things

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