This presentation exmines history of Aotearoa NZ From 1805 leading to the estalishment of Te Wakaminenga in 1808.It discusses He Wakaputanga 1835 and examines historical contexts that contributed to the signing of Te Tiriti o Waitangi 1840

2. He hōnore he korōria ki te Atua
He maungārongo ki te whenua
He whakaaro pai ki nga tāngata katoa
Hanga e te Atua he ngākau hou
Ki roto ki tēnā ki tēnā o mātou
Whakatōngia tōu Wairua Tapu
Hei āwhina hei tohutohu i a mātou
Ake ake ake
Amine

3. • To identify historical contexts regarding
DOI- He Whakaputanga Declaration of
Independence
• To examine historical contexts leading up to
Te Tiriti o Waitangi
• To evaluate learnings

4. “The Treaty of Waitangi is the Founding
Document of New Zealand”

5. • What is your understanding of Nations?

6. • All nations have sovereign houses
• All sovereign nations have become states

8. • All hapū have sovereign houses
• All hapū are independent and
interdependent states

10. • All hapū had their own laws
• All hapū had rangatira (leaders) that made
laws
• All hapū obeyed their tikanga - laws

11. • 1772 French explorer Marion Du Fresne
was told not to fish in the Manawaroa
Bay as there was a rahui due to a
drowning. Du Fresne ignored the rahui
given by the rangatira and hapū. Du
Fresne and 26 of his crew were
executed for breaching rahui. (Healy et
al, 2012, p. 59).

12. • What is your understanding of New
Zealand History pre the He Whakaputanga
Declaration of Independence 1835- What
was its catalyst?

13. • In 1805 Te Pahi visited Governor King
(NSW) in Sydney who promised to take
action over lawless westerners, breaching
tikanga and (Black birding) or kidnapping
Māori and Polynesians across the Pacific
and selling them into slavery in Australia
• Governor King promised to deal with it
• However nothing was done

14. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQv4
uQ6VxNA

15. • What are underlying themes behind the
video?

16. • Due to non action of Govenor King, Te Pahi
& others established Te Whakaminenga to
form diplomatic relations with the
Europeans

17. • Te Wakaminenga consisted of a
collaboration of interdependent Hapū
• Ngāpuhi-nui-tonu
• Waikato (Waikato & Ngāpuhi division)
• Hauraki
• East Coast Ngāti Kauhungngu, Ngāti Porou
• Ngāti Tūwharetoa
• Ngai Tāhu

18. • Was conducted during
communal gardening
between different
tribes beginning in
Whangaroa, spreading
to Pewhairangi and
then across to
Hokianga.
• This was done so that
Northern tribes shared
hosting obligations
(Ngapuhi Speaks, 2012, p.g 40)

19. • Hongi Hika visited
London in 1820 with
another chief named
Waikato, and
missionary Thomas
Kendall. They helped
with the compilation
of a Māori alphabet
and grammar. Hongi
met with King George
IV. Waikato, Hongi Hika and Thomas Kendall 1820

20. • What have been underlying themes behind
Māori positioning in history so far?

22. 1
2
3
4
1832
Sir George Murray

25. Original Copy of He Whakaputanga Declaration of Independence 1835

26. 1) We the hereditary chiefs and heads of the tribes of the northern parts of New Zealand, being assembled
at Waitangi, in the Bay of Islands on this 28th day of October, 1835, declare the independence of our
country, which is hereby constituted and declared to be an independent State, under the designation of
The United Tribes of New Zealand.
2) All sovereign power and authority within the territories of the United Tribes of New Zealand is hereby
declared to reside entirely and exclusively in the hereditary chiefs and heads of tribes in their collective
capacity, who also declare that they will not permit any legislative authority separate from themselves in
their collective capacity to exist, nor any function of government be exercised within the said territories,
unless by persons appointed by them, and acting under the authority of laws regularly enacted by them
in congress assembled.
3) The hereditary chiefs and heads of tribes agree to meet in congress at Waitangi in the autumn of each
year, for the purpose of framing each laws for the dispensation of justice, the preservation of peace and
good order, and the regulation of trade; and they cordially invite the southern tribes to lay aside their
private animosities and to consult the safety and welfare of our common country, by joining the
Confederation of the United Tribes.
4) They also agree to send a copy of this Declaration to his Majesty, the King of England, to thank him for
his acknowledgement of their flag, and in return for the friendship and protection they have shown, are
prepared to show, to such of his subjects have settled in their country, or resorted to it’s shores
English witnesses: Henry Williams, Missionary, George Clarke; CMS, James Clendon; Merchant, Gilbert Mair;
Merchant
Signed: James Busby; British Resident at New Zealand

29. • By 1840, Over 1000 Ngapuhi were sent
over seas to 69 different countries.
• As each traveller returned, wānanga
(seminars) were held to share their
information regarding how things worked
at an international level overseas. (Ngapuhi
Speaks, 2012, p.g 39).

32. • Colenso (1840) conveyed that Hobson spoke English while Henry
Williams interpreted into Māori.
• Her Majesty Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, wishing to do
good to the chiefs and people of New Zealand and for the welfare of
her subjects living amongst you, has sent me to this place as governor.
But, as the law of England gives no civil powers to Her Majesty out of
her dominions, her efforts to do you good will be futile unless you
consent Her Majesty has commanded me to explain these things to
you, that you may understand them. The people of Great Britain are,
thank God! free; and, as long as they do not transgress the laws they
can go where they please, and their sovereign has no power to restrain
them. You have sold them lands here and encouraged them to come
here. Her Majesty, always ready to protect her subjects, is also ready to
restrain them. Her Majesty the Queen asks you to sign this treaty, and
give her that power which shall enable her to restrain them
(Colenso, 1840, as cited in Healy et al, 2012, p.184).
•

33. Waitangi Tribunal Findings
• Britain’s representative William Hobson
and his agents explained the treaty as
granting Britain “the power to control
British subjects” and thereby to protect
Māori”
(Bennett & Quilliam, 2014)

34. Waitangi Tribunal Findings
• http://m.nzherald.co.nz/northland-
age/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503402&objec
tid=11360308

35. Discussion
• What impact could the Waitangi Tribunal
findings have on the future of New
Zealand?

37. Discussion
• What are underlying themes behind this
video?

38. • How has this informed your understanding
of the Declaration & Te Tiriti o Waitangi?

39. • Wakefield developed his theories
of colonisation while serving a
term at Newgate Prison for
abducting and marrying a teenage
heiress.
• In the 1830s he set up the New
Zealand Company, a major
commercial enterprise designed to
organise settlement in New
Zealand (and to turn a profit for
investors). For the Company, his
brother William, in late 1839, made
large and dubious land purchases
covering most of central New
Zealand, just a head of the settlers.
It sent out to colonise Port
Nicholson (Wellington). Edward Gibbon Wakefield
Ministry for Culture and Heritage, 2014

40. • Saw the hand over of imperial power and
rights held by the British Crown to the New
Zealand Company.
• The New Zealand Company became the New
Zealand Settler Government with the right to
establish a government.
• No consideration was given to the United
Confederation of Chiefs who were the
signatory partners with the British Crown.
• The Māori right to Self Government was still
recognised under section 71 of the 1852

41. Section 71 of the Constitution Act
1852
• Section 71 of the Constitution Act 1852
allowed for the provision of self-governing
Māori districts – as envisaged in the 1846
constitution. Māori saw it as implementation
of the tino rangatiratanga (sovereignty)
guaranteed to them under the Treaty of
Waitangi. The Māori King movement sought
such autonomy in Waikato before and after
the New Zealand wars, as did the Kotahitanga
(Māori parliament movement), which formed
a Māori parliament in the 1890s.

42. • This act replaced the1852 Constitutional
Act.
• Repealed the Statute of Westminster
Adoption Act 1947 - Removed ability of the
UK to pass laws for New Zealand
• Repealed section 71 Māori right to govern
themselves

43. • New Zealand Government are not
signatories to Te Tiriti o Waitangi 1840 but
third party interlopers
• Waitangi Tribunal findings in November 14
2014 state Māori sovereignty was never
ceded.
• New Zealand no longer has a crown head of
state and or authority to govern

44. • New Zealand creates
a corporation
masquerading as the
NZ Crown
• The NZ Crown is a US
Corporation
functioning as the
New Zealand
Government
• http://www.sec.gov/c
gi-bin/browse-
edgar?action=getcom
pany&CIK=000021610
5&owner=exclude&co
unt=40

45. • What are some of the learnings that have
stood out for you in todays lesson?

46. Kia tau ki a tatou katoa,
te atawhai o to tatou Ariki, o Ihu Karaiti,
me te Aroha o te Atua,
me te whiwhinga tahitanga
ki te wairua tapu,
ake ake ake
Amine.

47. • Healy S., Huygens, I., Murphy, T & Parata, H.(2012). Ngapuhi Speaks: He
Whakaputanga and Te Tiriti o Waitangi independant report on Ngapuhi
Nui Tonu Claim. Kaitaia: New Zealand. Kawariki & Network Waitangi Whangarei
• New Zealand in History.(2008). The New Zealand Company. Retrieved March 20 2013 from:
http://history-nz.org/colonisation1.html
• Moon,P.(2013). Exploding popular myths about the Treaty of Waitangi.[News paper article].
Retrieved March 18 2013 from:
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=1086194 7
• Nauman, R., Harrision, L., & Winiata, T.(2000).Te mana o Te Tiriti: the living treaty.
Auckland: New Zealand. New House Publishers Ltd
• Orange, C.(2002). The Treaty Story. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books
• Taonui, R. (2010). Mana Tamariki; cultural alienation. Alter Native, An
international Journal for Indigenous people, 6 (3), 187-202.
• Waitangi Tribunal. (1986). Wai 11 Te Reo Māori report. Wellington.