This document contains information about networking concepts including cable types, topologies, network architectures, IP addressing, and Microsoft networking tools. It defines coaxial and twisted pair cables, and lists common network topologies like mesh, bus, ring, star and hybrid. It also explains the differences between a hub and switch, and between a workgroup and domain network architecture. The document provides details on IP addressing standards including public vs private IP ranges, static vs dynamic addressing, and IPv4 and IPv6 versions. It introduces tools like DNS, MMC, Group Policy and IIS that are used to manage Microsoft networks.

2. Cables
Coaxial cables
Twisted pair cables
Cable
OHMS
meters
Mbps
Thin
50
185
10
Thick
100
500
10
• Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP)
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

3. Network concepts
Geographical
Topologies
Architectures

4. Geographical
LAN(Local)
WAN(Wide)
MAN(Metro)
CAN(Campus)
TAN(Tiny)
HAN(Home)
PAN(Personal)
SAN(Storage)

5. Topologies
Mesh
Bus
Ring
Hybrid
Tree
Star

6. Architectures
Workgroup(peer to peer)
Domain(Client/Server)

7. Hub
• Data is sent to all the machines in the network at the
same time(broadcasting).
• This generates more traffic. So the communication is
much slower.
• Destination is data is detected by the computers by
machine IP and the MAC address.
• Data communication is half duplex.
• To connect a hub to another hub you must use a hub
with a uplink port.

8. Switch
• Data is sent only to the requested destinations
(forwarding).
• This reduces traffic so communication is much
faster.
• Data communication is full duplex(can receive
and send at the same time).
• Destination of data is decided by the switch itself
by keeping all MAC addresses in its temporary
memory.
• Can connect any numbers of switches without
using a special port or device.

9. • No server to control the network.
• Less security, restrictions and control.
• No centralized user management or
administrator.
• Administrator must visit each to perform any
configurations or management tasks.

10. • The domain controller control the network.
• More security, restrictions and control.
• A centralized user management and
administrator.
• The administrator performs all the tasks
through the domain control.

11. IP addresses
Versions
Rangers
Classes
Types
IP version 4 (IPV4)
Privet
Class A
Dynamic IP
IP version 6 (IPV6)
Public
Class B
Static IP
Class C
Class D
Class E

12. Versions
IPV4
• E.g.: 192.168.10.100
8 bit * 4 = 32 bit IPV4
Octal(8 bit)
IPV4
• E.g.: Fe80.0000.0000.1234.0000.0000.0000.abde
Hexa decimal(16 bit)
16 bit * 8 = 128 bit IPV

13. Classes

14. Class A
• Full range
Start – 1 . 0 . 0 . 1
End – 126 . 255 . 255 . 254
• Privet range(Only for LAN)
Start – 10 . 0 . 0 . 1
End – 10 . 255 . 255 . 254
• Subnet mask
255 . 0 . 0 . 0
Network ID
Client/Host ID

15. Class B
• Full range
Start – 128 . 0 . 0 . 1
End – 191 . 255 . 255 . 254
• Privet range(Only for LAN)
Start – 172 . 16 . 0 . 1
End – 172 . 31 . 255 . 254
• Subnet mask
255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Network ID
Client/Host ID

16. Class C
• Full range
Start – 192 . 0 . 0 . 1
End – 223 . 255 . 255 . 254
• Privet range(Only for LAN)
Start – 192 . 168 . 0 . 1
End – 192 . 168. 255 . 254
• Subnet mask
255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Network ID
Client/Host ID

17. Class D
• Used for Multicasting services and
applications.
Start – 224 . 0 . 0 . 0
End – 239 . 253 . 255 . 255

18. Class E
• Used for Experimental and research purposes.
Start – 240 . 0 . 0 . 0
End – 255 . 255 . 255 . 255

19. Loop back address
• Not a IP, only used for self identifications and
diagnostic purposes only.

20. IP Rangers
Privet
Public
• Addresses which are
reserved for local area
networks/ Intranets.
• These addresses freely
assigned for our privet
networks.
• Addresses which are
reserved for Wide area
networks/ Internet. You
must buy this addresses
from Internet Service
Providers(ISP) or from any
internet authority.

21. IP Types
Dynamic IPs
• Addresses which are
automatically assign by a
Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) service.
These addresses are
randomly assigned and they
changed frequently.
Static IPs
• Addresses which are
manually assigned in the
properties of TCP/IP
protocol by the
administrator. These
addresses will not changed
unless we changed them.

22. • DHCP allows to automatically assign IP addresses,
subnet masks and other configuration information to
client computers on the local network.

23. Domain Name System ( DNS )
• DNS is a system for naming computers and network
services that maps those names to network
addresses and organizes them into a hierarchy of
domains.

24. .org
Microsoft.com
.com
Corp.consoto.com
Contoso.com
root
.edu
.net
.lk
Hq.consoto.com

25. www.microsoft.com
Top Level Domain (TLD)
.com
Commercial entities such as
corporations.
.edu
Educational purposes such as colleges
and public and privet schools.
.gov
Government entities such as federal,
state and local government.
.net
Organizations that provide internet
service providers(ISPs).
.org
Privet nonprofit organizations.

26. Microsoft Management Console ( MMC )
• MMC is a platform used for running
administrative tools in a windows OS.
• Start
Run
MMC

27. Group Policy
• Group policies are used to implement certain
restrictions on client machines.
• Start
Administrative tools
Group Policy Management

28. Group Accounts
Types
• Security groups
• Distribution groups
Scopes
• Domain local
• Global
• Universal

29. Internet Information Service ( IIS )
• IIS is the Microsoft web server use for hosting
web sites, virtual directories and FTP sites.

30. Windows Deployment Service (WDS)
• WDS is a service use for installing the
operation system through the network to
many computers at the same time.

31. Microsoft Domain Environment
Primary Domain Controller
Must contain a Server OS
(2000,2003,2008)
PDC
Must be a member of
a domain(a client)
with a server OS
Main Active Directory database
Copy of the Active Directory database
ADC
ADC
Any network OS (2000, xp, 7 , 8)
Additional domain controller
(backup/child domain)
PC1
PC2
Clients
PC3

32. IP settings
Domain controller IP
settings
Client IP settings
IP
192.168.1.200
192.168.1.1
Subnet
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
Preferred DNS
127.0.0.1 ( loop back )
192.168.1.200 ( DNS server IP )