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Mid-Year Outlook
What’s in Store for the Second Half of 2012
                        iShares Market Perspectives   |   July 2012
iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES                [2]




                                  Despite another episode of intense but fleeting
Executive Summary
                                  euphoria earlier in the year, at mid-year the global
                                  economy is in roughly the same position as it was six
                                  months ago—an anemic recovery threatened by a
                                  European crisis. Coming into 2012, our view was that
                                  there was an approximately two-thirds probability that
                                  the global economy would continue to expand, albeit at
                                  a below-trend pace, and a one-third probability that
                                  Europe would be the catalyst for another crisis. As of
                                  early June, we would stick with those odds.


                                  Investors can take some comfort in the fact that the United States is on marginally firmer
                                  footing and that emerging market growth should begin to stabilize in the second half of
                                  the year as the impact of 2011’s monetary tightening wanes. That said, a number of risks
                                  have the potential to cause a global double-dip recession:

                                  •	 Europe remains the major risk. While it appears that a Greek exit is not as imminent as
                                     some had feared back in May, the election results do not change the underlying
                                     fundamentals. Even if Greece remains in the euro, a bolder plan for tighter fiscal
                                     integration is proving frustratingly elusive.

                                  •	 The need to recapitalize the Spanish banking system. This is now probably a bigger threat
                                     to the European enterprise than whether or not Greece decides to remain in the euro.
          Russ Koesterich,
          Managing Director,      •	 The potential “fiscal cliff” facing the United States in six months, which investors may be
          iShares Chief
          Investment Strategist
                                     underestimating. Not surprisingly, there has been no progress to date on addressing
                                     either the long-term fiscal imbalances or the massive, pending fiscal drag facing the
                                     United States in January. Given the soft recovery, if current policy is not altered, the risk
                                     of a US double-dip recession rises. As of this writing, while the subject is much debated,
                                     investor behavior suggests that this risk is not currently discounted into asset prices.

                                  In light of these realities, we believe investors are in for a rocky road and volatility will
                                  remain elevated. We would still continue to advocate for a relatively conservative portfolio
                                  composed of high-dividend paying stocks—including in emerging markets—and US
                                  spread products, such as investment grade and municipal bonds.
iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES              [3]




Summer Reruns                                                           What is interesting is how narrow the differences among asset
                                                                        classes have been year-to-date: most are close to where they
A specter is haunting Europe…                                           started the year, with few producing better than mid-single
—Karl Marx                                                              digit returns.

Marx was referring to communism, not the dissolution of the             While the general economic and market environments have been
European Union, but the language could apply in the current             broadly in line with our outlook, we have made at least one
environment. At the end of our 2012 outlook piece (see January          mid-course correction. The ever-present threat in Europe, coupled
Market Perspectives), we suggested that this was likely to be           with what looked like investor complacency—no amount of
another year in which financial market fortunes would be largely        rationalization justified the VIX Index in the mid-teens as recently
driven by the effectiveness, or lack thereof, of policy makers. As of   as early May—caused us to adopt a more defensive posture in
the end of May, the jury is still out as to whether the European        mid-April. At the time, we suggested that financial volatility was
Union can summon the necessary political will to address the            likely to rise, and equity markets were facing a correction.
euro’s structural flaws.
                                                                        Against that backdrop, with the market already experiencing
Despite positive growth in the United States and a few tentative        a 10% correction, what are our expectations for the remainder
signs of a soft landing in China, Europe continues to represent a       of the year?
significant threat to the global economy. As was the case in 2010
and 2011, marginal improvements in the global economy have              Economic Outlook: 2% Growth Ad Infinitum?
been overshadowed by the threat of a disorderly Greek default
and broader fears regarding the solvency and longevity of the           Absent a crisis in Europe, we would continue to expect economic
entire European Economic and Monetary Union.                            growth in the second half of 2012 to be broadly in line with the
                                                                        first quarter—positive but subpar. In the United States that
While the early months of 2012 looked better than expected and          suggests growth of around 2%, while global growth should be
recent ones worse, so far 2012 has played broadly to the scenarios      roughly 3% to 3.5%.
we laid out in our 2012 outlook. The US and global economies have
chugged along at a positive, but uninspiring rate. Europe has, as       In the United States, our preferred measure of economic
was expected, been a drag on global growth—with the weakness            activity—the Chicago Fed National Activity Index (CFNAI)—
disproportionately evident in the south. Inflation has remained         remains in the same range that has defined it since 2009. The
muted, and while rates hit a new low in early June, they have spent     CFNAI has been an exceptionally reliable indicator, historically
most of the first half of the year stuck in the same range that has     explaining roughly 45% of the variation in next quarter’s GDP. It
broadly defined the bond market since last September.                   has kept us relatively measured in our expectations for economic
                                                                        growth through both the pathos of last summer and the prema-
In terms of financial markets, our expectation for 2012 was for a       ture euphoria of earlier this year. Despite all the gyrations in
decent but uninspiring year for stocks, which we expected to at         sentiment, the CFNAI continues to oscillate somewhere around
least outperform bonds. Within equities, we favored dividend-           zero, which is consistent with GDP growth of 2% or slightly better
paying mega capitalization stocks (mega caps), smaller devel-           (see Figure 1). In the absence of an exogenous shock—Europe
oped countries and emerging markets. In fixed income, we                being the most likely, but not the only candidate—we would
expected interest rates to remain contained, but for municipal          continue to expect the United States to grow at around 2% for
and investment grade bonds to outperform.                               the remainder of 2012 and into 2013.

On the whole, performance year-to-date has generally conformed to       Similar to the CFNAI, we find that the Global Purchasing Manag-
that view, with the notable exception of emerging markets. Equities     ers Index (PMI) provides a reasonably accurate read of near-term
are narrowly beating bonds and mega caps have outperformed both         global economic activity. Here we see the same picture as in the
small and large caps. The one call which has not had much of an         United States with the indicator suggesting that global growth is
impact to date is our preference for emerging markets. Year-to-date,    unlikely to collapse or accelerate in the near term. The Global
EM equities have performed in-line with those in developed markets.     PMI ended April at 52.2, well above its levels in 2008, early 2009
                                                                        and last summer and indicative of growth, but down from the
On the bond side, we started the year with a particular focus on        more robust levels of earlier in the year (see Figure 2). Absent a
US investment grade debt and a continued preference for high            collapse in Europe, the global economy should be able to limp
grade municipals. So far, performance has been broadly in line          along for the remainder of the year.
with our comments, with both investment grade and municipals
outperforming broader bond indices.
iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES   [4]




 Even in China, the picture remains remarkably similar. Growth                                    The ongoing global economic sluggishness begs a question: why is
 disappointed in the first quarter and is likely to be soft again in                              growth so weak nearly three years after the end of such a brutal
 the second quarter; however, Chinese leading indicators suggest                                  recession, and how long is it likely to remain stuck in first gear?
 slow growth, but no meaningful deceleration.                                                     Leaving aside the risk associated with the European chaos, the US
                                                                                                  fiscal drag or higher oil prices, the answer is that the same
 While the data out of China has been decidedly mixed and                                         headwinds that have inhibited the recovery since 2009 remain
 difficult to interpret, our best guess is that China engineers a                                 broadly in place. Debt levels in the developed world are still too
 soft landing in the back half of the year, with growth settling at                               high and the deleveraging process is likely to continue to exert a
 around 8%. After all, China has both the motivation and the                                      headwind for the foreseeable future. In the United States, in
 means to do so. The motivation is the pending leadership                                         particular, consumer debt levels, while lower, are still extremely
 transition in the fall, for which we believe Chinese officials will                              high by historical standards, and are unlikely to return to a more
 take whatever steps necessary to ensure a reasonably smooth                                      sustainable level until probably 2014.
 transition, including keeping growth at a respectable rate. And as
 is the case with other emerging market countries—notably                                         In addition, consumers are also struggling with stagnant wage
 Brazil—China has the fiscal and monetary flexibility to provide                                  growth, which for hourly workers is at a record low, and negative in
 further stimulus. In the run-up to the transition, we would expect                               real terms. Even for the broader working population, income growth
 additional steps, such as cuts in the reserve requirement and                                    is barely keeping pace with inflation. One little-noticed develop-
 targeted stimulus aimed at consumption, to ensure a soft landing.                                ment is that personal income growth has decelerated sharply over
                                                                                                  the past 12 months. Part of the reason for this is the slowdown in
                                                                                                  government transfer payments—direct payments such as
                                                                                                  unemployment benefits—which are no longer supporting personal
 Figure 1: Chicago Fed National Activity Index                                                    income growth to the extent they were in 2009 and 2010. In the
 (2000 to Present)                                                                                absence of ever-increasing largess from Washington, personal
                             2                                                                    income growth has decelerated from 6% year-over-year in early
                             1                                                                    2011 to barely 3% today (see Figure 3).
Chicago Fed National




                             0
                                                                                                  In the first quarter, consumption was supported by a decline in the
    Activity Index




                             -1
                                                                                                  savings rate, which fell from 4.7% at the end of 2011 to 3.8% in
                             -2                                                                   March (see Figure 4). This drop in the savings rate helped to propel
                             -3                                                                   real personal consumption to a five-quarter high in the first quarter.
                                                                                                  Given the already low level of personal savings in the United States,
                             -4
                                                                                                  we would not expect this tailwind to continue, and believe personal
                             -5
                                  2/00   2/02          2/04   2/06   2/08          2/10   2/12
                                                                                                  consumption is likely to be slower for the remainder of the year.

  Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12.



                                                                                                 Figure 3: United States Personal Income Growth
 Figure 2: Global Purchasing Managers Index                                                      (2000 to Present)
 (2004 to Present)
                             70                                                                                           10%
Global Purchasing Managers




                                                                                                                          8%
                                                                                                 Personal Income Growth




                             60                                                                                           6%
                                                                                                     Year-over-Year




                                                                                                                          4%
           Index




                             50                                                                                           2%

                                                                                                                          0%
                             40
                                                                                                                          -2%

                                                                                                                          -4%
                             30
                                                                                                                          -6%
                                  4/04          4/06          4/08          4/10          4/12
                                                                                                                                1/00   1/02     1/04   1/06   1/08   1/10   3/12


  Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12.                                                               Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12.
iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES                 [5]




Will the United States Plunge Over the Fiscal Cliff?                                        fiscal drag were to occur, we believe a double-dip recession
                                                                                            becomes much more likely. This view has recently been echoed by
A major threat to the above scenario of slow but positive growth is,                        the Congressional Budget Office, which now forecasts a contrac-
of course, Europe. Before addressing Europe, it is worth reiterating                        tion of more than 1% in the first half of next year unless current
that the United States also poses a significant, though less                                policy is amended.
imminent, threat to the global recovery.
                                                                                            The odds still favor an eleventh-hour compromise that is likely to
As has been well reported over the past several months, the United                          delay part or all of the fiscal drag, but this is by no means assured.
States is potentially facing the largest fiscal drag in decades. At the                     After all, despite widespread views that a compromise would be
end of 2012, several tax hikes and spending cuts are scheduled to                           reached last year, Washington failed to reach a consensus on the
hit simultaneously. The cumulative impact will be more than $600                            US spending cuts, resulting in the sequester scheduled to take
billion in fiscal drag, or the equivalent of roughly 4% of GDP (see                         effect next year. Given that the upcoming election is likely to be
Figure 5). Given our view that under the current deleveraging trend                         highly bitter, and may very well increase the partisanship in both
growth in the United States is unlikely to be better than 2%, if the                        the House and Senate, a compromise is not certain. As of this
                                                                                            writing, despite all the headlines, we believe that investors are
                                                                                            placing a very low probability on the fiscal drag actually occurring.
                                                                                            This is partly evidenced by the fact that 2013 growth forecasts
 Figure 4: United States Personal Savings Rate
                                                                                            have remained remarkably stable over the past nine months,
 (2000 to Present)                                                                          despite the pending fiscal drag.

                            10%
                                                                                            If in the run-up to the election a continuation of divided govern-
                                                                                            ment starts to appear more likely, we believe that the market will
                                                                                            come under pressure. At the very least, absent a clear consensus
 US Personal Savings Rate




                            8%
                                                                                            coming out of the election, November and December are likely to
                            6%                                                              be marked by heightened volatility as investors grapple with the
                                                                                            odds of a last-minute compromise.
                            4%


                            2%                                                              In Europe: Greek Rage, Spanish Banks and
                                                                                            German Politics
                            0%
                                  2/00   2/02   2/04   2/06     2/08          2/10   3/12
                                                                                            While investors enjoyed a temporary lull in early 2012, courtesy of
   Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12.                                                        the European Central Bank’s (ECB’s) massive injection of liquidity,
                                                                                            the focus is once again on Europe. The deepening of the Spanish
                                                                                            banking crisis and the uncertainty surrounding Greek solvency
                                                                                            are just the latest manifestations of Europe’s lingering structural
Figure 5: Cost of Federal Fiscal Policies Set to Expire in 2013                             problems.  While the second Greek election appears to have
Under Current Law                                                                           resulted in a more market-friendly outcome, the country’s
                                                                                            fundamentals continue to deteriorate: the economy continues to
                                                                       Dollar Value 2013
       Fiscal Policy                                                                        shrink, banks are still bleeding deposits, and Greece’s debt
                                                                       ($ Billion)
                                                                                            burden still appears unsustainable.
       Emergency Unemployment Insurance                                –35

       Payroll Tax Holiday                                             –110                 Going forward, there are three critical developments we’ll be
                                                                                            watching. First are events in Greece. Despite New Democracy’s win
       Bonus Depreciation                                              –64
                                                                                            on June 17 there are still uncertainties regarding Greece’s ability
       Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)                                 –46                  to fulfill its obligations under the March agreement. The coalition
       Bush Era Tax Cut (Top Bracket)                                  –83                  government is likely to attempt to renegotiate the terms of the
                                                                                            bailout. Given this scenario, there is still a significant tail risk that
       Bush Era Tax Cut (Other Brackets)                               –198
                                                                                            Greece may eventually decide to exit the euro. Should that occur
       Automatic Spending Cuts (Sequestration)                         –90                  while Europe’s banking issues remain unresolved, this will raise
       Total                                                           –626                 the likelihood of a full-blown banking crisis. Even if an agreement
                                                                                            can be reached between Greece and the troika it is important to
Source: CBO, OMB, Moody’s Analytics, Dismal Scientist 5/15/12                               watch the outflows from Greek banks. If the Greek banks continue
iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES         [6]




    to bleed deposits, the ECB will need to provide more emergency              have yet to seize the opportunity to provide a long-term credible
    assistance to prevent a collapse of the Greek banking system.               path. Until then, we believe that Europe will continue to be a source
                                                                                of chronic stress and periodic bouts of risk aversion. If Greece cannot
    Second, and an even larger threat to Europe, are the Spanish                abide by the terms of its austerity package, or if the Spanish banking
    banks. Spain needs to recapitalize its banking system, which is             bailout proves inadequate or unwieldy, then the chronic stress is
    likely to cost at least €50 billion and perhaps much more. To date,         likely to erupt into a crisis.
    there is no credible plan; investors are still looking for the
    government to articulate the mechanism by which the banks                   Given these risks, how should investors consider positioning their
    would be recapitalized as well as the source of the funds.                  portfolios going into the back half of 2012?

    The final development to watch in Europe is how the political               Seize the Yield
    winds blow in Europe’s ultimate creditor—Germany. The Germans
    are coming under increasing pressure to accept some scheme for              One of the consequences of the current environment is investors
    mutualizing European debt. To date, Chancellor Merkel has been              should expect more volatility in the second half of the year. Europe’s
    in strict opposition to this development. However, if the political         lingering fiscal dilemma and the pending drama of the US budget all
    climate in Germany veers toward a grand coalition between                   suggest that markets can advance in the second half of the year, but
    Chancellor Merkel’s Christian Democrats and the opposition                  the ascent is unlikely to be smooth. Since the early spring, we’ve been
    Socialists, she may be more inclined to entertain pooling at least          expecting more equity market volatility. We believe that markets are
    some of Europe’s debt obligations. Any development in this                  likely to remain on edge throughout the remainder of 2012.
    direction would be a positive for the markets.
                                                                                One potential solution to the present volatility is the equity
    The net result of this uncertainty is likely to be continued stress         dividend play. In addition to the yield story, dividend stocks are
    in the financial system. Credit spreads have been widening in               generally less volatile than the broader market. Since the
    recent weeks. The pressure on the global financial system is also           correction began, dividend-focused indices have generally
    evident in the Global Financial Stress Index, produced by Bank of           outperformed the broader averages.
    America Merrill Lynch. The indicator recently rose to its highest
    level since early January (see Figure 6).                                   Recent performance is consistent with the historical pattern. In
                                                                                general, dividend stocks and funds tend to be less volatile than
    In summary, when we look at the overall investment climate, we              the broader averages. The beta (a measure of the tendency of
    don’t see another recession or a Greek exit as foregone conclusions.        securities to move with the market at large) of the Dow Jones U.S.
    That said, Europe is no closer to a political, economic or financial        Select Dividend Index to the S&P 500 Index has historically been
    resolution to its problems. The ECB’s two long-term refinancing             around 0.8, meaning that for every 1% the market moves this
    operations (LTROs) mitigated, but did not remove, the stress on the         index typically moves around 80 basis points. Even in emerging
    European banking system. While they did buy time for the politicians        markets—typically a more volatile sector of the market—divi-
    to arrive at a political solution to Europe’s debt problems, politicians    dend stocks do tend to cushion the downside. The Dow Jones
                                                                                Emerging Markets Select Dividend Index has a beta of roughly 0.8
                                                                                to the broader MSCI Emerging Markets Index1. In general,
                                                                                dividend stocks and funds have demonstrated muted volatility
                                                                                when compared to broader indices.
     Figure 6: Global Financial Stress Index
     (2007 to Present)
                                                                                In addition, many segments of this style are actually trading at a
                  3                                                             significant discount to the broader global market, particularly
                                                                                outside of the United States. The Dow Jones EPAC Select Divi-
                  2                                                             dend Index, covering Europe and Asia, is currently trading for less
GFS Index Score




                                                                                than 12x earnings versus a multiple of around 13.5x for the MSCI
                  1
                                                                                World Index2. This trend is also evident in emerging markets. The
                                                                                Dow Jones Emerging Markets Select Dividend Index trades at
                  0
                                                                                less than 10x earnings versus around 11x for the broader MSCI
                                                                                Emerging Markets Index. 3
                  -1
                       2/07   2/08        2/09           2/10   2/11     5/12   1
                                                                                    Source: Bloomberg 4/30/12.
                                                                                2
                                                                                    Source: Bloomberg 4/30/12.
   Source Bloomberg, Bank of America Merrill Lynch 5/15/12
                                                                                3
                                                                                    Source: Bloomberg 4/30/12.
iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES   [7]




 Emerging Market Stocks                                                                    have tended to outperform over a one-year horizon whenever the
                                                                                           relative valuation is at a 20% or greater discount to developed
 Our other main view on the equity side balances out the defensive tilt                    markets. We would therefore view current levels as an attractive
 implicit in our preference for dividends. As we’ve advocated since late                   opportunity to add positions, particularly in Latin America, China and
 last year, we would look to overweight emerging markets. While this                       Taiwan. As discussed above, we would also have a preference for
 has not produced positive relative returns year-to-date, we’re sticking                   gaining our emerging market exposure through high-dividend stocks
 with the call.                                                                            and instruments.

 The argument rests on a number of factors: a longer-term trend                            Sticking with Investment Grade
 toward less volatility, stronger economic growth, falling inflation and
 more compelling valuations. Focusing on the last two, it is worth                         In the fixed income space, we’ve had a preference for municipal
 highlighting that emerging market inflation continues to fall, with the                   bonds since late 2010. This asset class has continued to do well.
 notable exception of India where we remain underweight. Most of the                       With municipal yields still at a significant premium to comparable
 larger emerging markets have witnessed a significant deceleration in                      Treasuries, and with little evidence of the feared meltdown in
 inflation over the past six months. In China, inflation has fallen from                   municipal finances, we would stick with this call.
 6.5% in July 2011 to 3.4% in April 2012. In Brazil, a country with a
 history of struggling with high inflation, inflation has decelerated by                   The final theme we would emphasize would be our continued
 more than 2% since September 2011 (see Figure 7).                                         preference for US corporate bonds, particularly investment grades.
                                                                                           One of the many ironies of the last several years is, despite the
 As we’ve discussed in the past, lower inflation in emerging markets is                    ongoing fiscal deterioration in the US balance sheet and the
 particularly critical as equity valuations are very sensitive to inflation.               continued improvement in corporate profitability, credit spreads
 As inflation falls, multiples in emerging markets typically rise at a                     remain high by historical standards. This is particularly true of much
 faster rate than for a similar drop in developed markets.                                 of the US investment grade space, which largely sat out the risk-
                                                                                           driven rally earlier in the year. As a result, while investment grade
 The potential for multiple expansion is arguably greater given that                       bonds have narrowly outperformed the Barclays U.S. Aggregate
 emerging market valuations are currently low by most measures. In                         Index year-to-date, spreads still appear wide by any measure.
 late May, the MSCI Emerging Markets Index was trading for less than
 11x earnings, the bottom quintile of its historical range. Valuations                     Currently, the yield spread between Moody’s Baa index and the
 appear even more compelling when compared to developed markets.                           10-year Treasury note is approximately 340 basis points. While
 Emerging markets are currently trading at a 20% discount to devel-                        spreads were much wider during the height of the financial crisis,
 oped markets. In late 2010, emerging market stocks were trading at                        current levels look exceptionally wide when compared to the 20-year
 less than a 10% discount (see Figure 8). Historically, emerging markets                   average of around 230 basis points and even more so against the
                                                                                           long-term average of around 185 basis points (see Figure 9).


       Figure 7: Emerging Market Inflation
       (2005 to Present)                                                                     Figure 8: Emerging Market Relative Valuations
                                                                                             (2000 to Present)
                          10%
                                                                                                                      10%
                          8%
Inflation Year-over-Year




                                                                                           US Personal Savings Rate




                          6%                                                                                          8%


                          4%                                                                                          6%

                          2%
                                                                                                                      4%
                          0%

                                                                                                                      2%
                          -2%

                          -4%                                                                                         0%
                                8/05   7/06   7/07    7/08    7/09    7/10   7/11   4/12                                    2/00   2/02     2/04   2/06   2/08   2/10   3/12


                                                     Brazil   China                            Source: Bloomberg 5/24/12
         Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12.
iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES                [8]




It is true that we would expect spreads to be somewhat wider given the                     In the meantime, we expect volatility to remain elevated, partly due to
sluggish nature of the recovery. However, current levels look extreme                      Europe and partly due to the uncertainty surrounding US fiscal policy.
unless you believe the United States is headed back toward another                         In this environment, while equity markets can move higher, we would
recession. Spreads also look exaggerated when you consider the                             expect that move to be accompanied by a reasonable amount of
ongoing profitability of the US corporate sector, as well as the continued                 volatility, certainly more than we experienced in the first quarter and
strengthening of balance sheets, particularly for large cap companies. As                  early second quarter. Given that scenario, we would prefer the
such, we would continue to advocate that investors trade duration for                      relatively low beta of high dividend stocks—both in developed and
credit risk, with US credit being an attractive place to start.                            emerging markets—and to use any market weakness as an opportunity
                                                                                           to add to longer-term positions in emerging markets. On the fixed
Conclusion                                                                                 income side, while high yield was the flavor of the month in the first
                                                                                           quarter, we believe historically high spreads and less risk favor
Give me control of a nation’s money and I care not who makes her laws.                     investment grade in the coming months.
—Mayer Amschel Rothschild

Over the coming weeks, months and years, Mayer Rothschild’s axiom
is likely to be put to the test. While Germany continues to ultimately
control Europe’s checkbook, this may be insufficient in the presence
of rising anger in much of the periphery. If politicians cannot adopt a
complement of pro-growth policies and address Europe’s fragile
banking system, a broader European crisis becomes inevitable.

Actions by the ECB at the end of last year and again in February were
a powerful palliative, but did nothing to resolve longer-term questions
over Greek solvency, Spanish banks, longer-term growth or fiscal
integration. Based on the market’s recent performance, outside of
some modest reforms in Spain and Italy, 2012 has been little better.

That said, a European crisis is not preordained. Economic solutions do
exist, although whether they are politically viable is still an open
question. Nevertheless, in some respects—a growing awareness of the
need for growth and tentative signs that Germany may accept
eurobonds—Europe is stumbling toward a consensus. The big question
is whether they will get there in time.




 Figure 9: Credit Spreads
 (1990 to Present)

                             700
Spread MOODY’S Baa Index




                             600
 to 10-Year Treasury (bps)




                             500

                             400
                                    Long Term Average
                             300

                             200

                             100
                                   2/90       1/94      1/98   1/02   1/06   1/10   1/12

  Source: Bloomberg 5/25/12
iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES                             [9]

Figure 2: iShares Investment Strategy Group Near-Term Outlooks

 Global Region                                             Underweight           Neutral        Overweight          Related iShares ETF Tickers
 Developed Markets
 Global Equities                                                                                        x           ACWI, HDV, IOO, OEF, IDV, URTH, ACWV
 Developed Markets                                                 x                                                EFA, IDV, ACWX, EFAV, SCZ
 Australia                                                                           x                              EWA, EPP, EWAS, DVYA
 Canada                                                                              x                              EWC, EWCS
 France                                                                              x                              EWQ
 Germany                                                                                                x           EWG, EWGS
 Hong Kong                                                                                              x           EWH, EWHS
 Italy                                                             x                                                EWI
 Japan                                                                               x                              EWJ, SCJ
 Netherlands                                                                                            x           EWN
 Norway                                                                                                 x           ENOR
 Singapore                                                                                              x           EWS, EWSS
 Spain                                                             x                                                EWP
 Sweden                                                                              x                              EWD
 Switzerland                                                                         x                              EWL
 United Kingdom                                                    x                                                EWU, EWUS
 United States                                                                       x                              EUSA, IWV, IVV, USMV
 Emerging Markets
 Emerging Markets                                                                                       x           EEM, EEMV, DVYE, EEMS
 Brazil                                                                                                 x           EWZ, EWZS
 China                                                                                                  x           MCHI, ECNS
 India                                                             x                                                INDY, INDA, SMIN
 Indonesia                                                                                              x           EIDO
 Mexico                                                            x                                                EWW
 Russia                                                                                                 x           ERUS
 South Africa                                                      x                                                EZA
 South Korea                                                       x                                                EWY
 Taiwan                                                                                                 x           EWT
 Global Sector                                             Underweight           Neutral        Overweight          Related iShares ETF Tickers
 Consumer Discretionary                                        x
 Consumer Staples                                                                    x                              IYK, KXI, AXSL
 Energy                                                                                                 x           IXC, FILL, EMEY, AXEN
 European Banks                                                                      x                              EUFN
 Financials                                                        x                                                IYF, IXG, AXFN, EMFN, EUFN, FEFN, IAT
 Healthcare                                                                          x                              IYH, IXJ, AXHE
 Industrials                                                                         x                              IYJ, EXI, AXID
 Information Technology                                                              x                              IXN, AXIT, AAIT, IYW, SOXX
 Materials                                                                           x                              IYM, MXI, AXMT, EMMT, RING, PICK, SLVP
 REITs                                                                               x                              ICF, IYR
 Telecommunications                                                                                     x           IXP, AXTE, IYZ
 US Industrials                                                                                         x           IYJ
 US Regional Banks                                                                   x                              IAT
 US Retail                                                         x                                                N/A
 US Technology                                                                       x                              IYW
 US Utilities                                                      x                                                IDU
 Utilities                                                                           x                              IDV, JXI, AXUT

 Fixed Income Sector                                       Underweight           Neutral        Overweight          Related iShares ETF Tickers
 Emerging Markets                                                                  x                                EMB, LEMB, CEMB, EMHY
 High Yield Credit                                                                 x                                HYG, HYXU, GHYG, QLTB, QLTC
                                                                                                                    LQD, FLOT, QLTA, MONY, ENGN, AMPS, CSJ,
 Investment Grade Credit                                                                                x
                                                                                                                    CIU, CFT, CLY, QLTA
 Mortgage-Backed Securities                                                          x                              MBB, GNMA, CMBS
 Municipals                                                                                             x           SUB, MUB
 Non-US Developed Markets                                          x                                                ISHG, IGOV
 TIPS/Global Inflation-Linked                                                        x                              STIP, TIP, GTIP, ITIP
 US Treasuries                                                                       x                              SHY, IEI, IEF, TLH, TLT, GOVT, SHV
 Global Style                                              Underweight           Neutral        Overweight          Related iShares ETF Tickers
 Global Mega Caps                                                                                    x              OEF, IOO, HDV, DVY, IDV
 Small Caps                                                                          x                              IWM


This material represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific time and is not intended to be a forecast of future events or a guarantee of future results. This information
should not be relied upon by the reader as research, investment advice or a recommendation regarding the iShares Funds or any security in particular. This information is strictly for
illustrative and educational purposes and is subject to change. This information does not represent the actual current, past or future holdings or portfolio of any BlackRock client.
For more information visit www.iShares.com
               or call 1-800-474-2737




               Carefully consider the iShares Funds’ investment objectives, risk factors,                                 Uruguay or any other securities regulator in any Latin American country, and thus might not be
               and charges and expenses before investing. This and other information can                                  publicly offered within any such country. The securities regulators of such countries have not
               be found in the Funds’ prospectuses, which may be obtained by calling                                      confirmed the accuracy of any information contained herein. No information discussed herein can
               1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or by visiting www.iShares.com. Read the                                    be provided to the general public in Latin America.
               prospectus carefully before investing.                                                                     Notice to residents in Australia:
               Investing involves risk, including possible loss of principal. Diversification may not                     Issued in Australia by BlackRock Investment Management (Australia) Limited ABN 13 006 165
               protect against market risk.
                                                                                                                          975, AFSL 230523 (“BIMAL”) to institutional investors only. iShares® exchange traded funds
               In addition to the normal risks associated with investing, international investments may involve           (“ETFs”) that are made available in Australia are issued by BIMAL, iShares, Inc. ARBN 125 632
               risk of capital loss from unfavorable fluctuation in currency values, from differences in generally        279 and iShares Trust ARBN 125 632 411. BlackRock Asset Management Australia Limited
               accepted accounting principles or from economic or political instability in other nations. Emerging        (“BAMAL”) ABN 33 001 804 566, AFSL 225 398 is the local agent and intermediary for iShares
               markets involve heightened risks related to the same factors as well as increased volatility and           ETFs that are issued by iShares, Inc. and iShares Trust. BIMAL and BAMAL are wholly-owned
               lower trading volume. Securities focusing on a single country and narrowly focused investments             subsidiaries of BlackRock, Inc. (collectively “BlackRock”). A Product Disclosure Statement
               may be subject to higher volatility.                                                                       (“PDS”) or prospectus for each iShares ETF that is offered in Australia is available at iShares.com.
                                                                                                                          au. You should read the PDS or prospectus and consider whether an iShares ETF is appropriate
               Bonds and bond funds will decrease in value as interest rates rise. A portion of a municipal bond          for you before deciding to invest. iShares securities trade on ASX at market price (not, net asset
               fund’s income may be subject to federal or state income taxes or the alternative minimum tax.              value (“NAV”)). iShares securities may only be redeemed directly by persons called “Authorised
               Capital gains, if any, are subject to capital gains tax. An investment in the Fund(s) is not insured       Participants.”
               or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
                                                                                                                          The strategies discussed are strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and should not be
               Index returns are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent actual iShares Fund                  construed as a recommendation to purchase or sell, or an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer
               performance. Index performance returns do not reflect any management fees, transac-                        to buy any security. There is no guarantee that any strategies discussed will be effective. The
               tion costs or expenses. Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an                         information provided is not intended to be a complete analysis of every material fact respecting
               index. Past performance does not guarantee future results. For actual iShares Fund per-                    any strategy. The examples presented do not take into consideration commissions, tax implica-
               formance, please visit www.iShares.com or request a prospectus by calling 1-800-iShares                    tions or other transactions costs, which may significantly affect the economic consequences of
               (1-800-474-2737).                                                                                          a given strategy.
               The iShares Funds that are registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission under                 This material represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific time and is not
               the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Funds”) are distributed in the US by BlackRock                        intended to be a forecast of future events or a guarantee of future results. This information should
               Investments, LLC (together with its affiliates, “BlackRock”). This material is solely for educa-           not be relied upon by the reader as research or investment advice regarding the funds or any
               tional purposes and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to sell or a solicitation of an offer     security in particular.
               to buy any shares of any fund (nor shall any such shares be offered or sold to any person) in any
               jurisdiction in which an offer, solicitation, purchase or sale would be unlawful under the securities      ©2012 BlackRock. All rights reserved. iShares® and BlackRock® are registered trademarks
               law of that jurisdiction.                                                                                  of BlackRock. All other trademarks, servicemarks or registered trademarks are the property of
                                                                                                                          their respective owners. iS-7428-0612 3911-03RB-6/12
               In Latin America, for Institutional and Professional Investors Only (Not for public Distribution):
iS-7428-0612




               If any funds are mentioned or inferred to in this material, it is possible that some or all of the funds
               have not been registered with the securities regulator of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru,                      Not FDIC Insured • No Bank Guarantee • May Lose Value

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Mid-Year Outlook: Continued Subpar Growth and Volatility Risk

  • 1. Mid-Year Outlook What’s in Store for the Second Half of 2012 iShares Market Perspectives | July 2012
  • 2. iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES [2] Despite another episode of intense but fleeting Executive Summary euphoria earlier in the year, at mid-year the global economy is in roughly the same position as it was six months ago—an anemic recovery threatened by a European crisis. Coming into 2012, our view was that there was an approximately two-thirds probability that the global economy would continue to expand, albeit at a below-trend pace, and a one-third probability that Europe would be the catalyst for another crisis. As of early June, we would stick with those odds. Investors can take some comfort in the fact that the United States is on marginally firmer footing and that emerging market growth should begin to stabilize in the second half of the year as the impact of 2011’s monetary tightening wanes. That said, a number of risks have the potential to cause a global double-dip recession: • Europe remains the major risk. While it appears that a Greek exit is not as imminent as some had feared back in May, the election results do not change the underlying fundamentals. Even if Greece remains in the euro, a bolder plan for tighter fiscal integration is proving frustratingly elusive. • The need to recapitalize the Spanish banking system. This is now probably a bigger threat to the European enterprise than whether or not Greece decides to remain in the euro. Russ Koesterich, Managing Director, • The potential “fiscal cliff” facing the United States in six months, which investors may be iShares Chief Investment Strategist underestimating. Not surprisingly, there has been no progress to date on addressing either the long-term fiscal imbalances or the massive, pending fiscal drag facing the United States in January. Given the soft recovery, if current policy is not altered, the risk of a US double-dip recession rises. As of this writing, while the subject is much debated, investor behavior suggests that this risk is not currently discounted into asset prices. In light of these realities, we believe investors are in for a rocky road and volatility will remain elevated. We would still continue to advocate for a relatively conservative portfolio composed of high-dividend paying stocks—including in emerging markets—and US spread products, such as investment grade and municipal bonds.
  • 3. iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES [3] Summer Reruns What is interesting is how narrow the differences among asset classes have been year-to-date: most are close to where they A specter is haunting Europe… started the year, with few producing better than mid-single —Karl Marx digit returns. Marx was referring to communism, not the dissolution of the While the general economic and market environments have been European Union, but the language could apply in the current broadly in line with our outlook, we have made at least one environment. At the end of our 2012 outlook piece (see January mid-course correction. The ever-present threat in Europe, coupled Market Perspectives), we suggested that this was likely to be with what looked like investor complacency—no amount of another year in which financial market fortunes would be largely rationalization justified the VIX Index in the mid-teens as recently driven by the effectiveness, or lack thereof, of policy makers. As of as early May—caused us to adopt a more defensive posture in the end of May, the jury is still out as to whether the European mid-April. At the time, we suggested that financial volatility was Union can summon the necessary political will to address the likely to rise, and equity markets were facing a correction. euro’s structural flaws. Against that backdrop, with the market already experiencing Despite positive growth in the United States and a few tentative a 10% correction, what are our expectations for the remainder signs of a soft landing in China, Europe continues to represent a of the year? significant threat to the global economy. As was the case in 2010 and 2011, marginal improvements in the global economy have Economic Outlook: 2% Growth Ad Infinitum? been overshadowed by the threat of a disorderly Greek default and broader fears regarding the solvency and longevity of the Absent a crisis in Europe, we would continue to expect economic entire European Economic and Monetary Union. growth in the second half of 2012 to be broadly in line with the first quarter—positive but subpar. In the United States that While the early months of 2012 looked better than expected and suggests growth of around 2%, while global growth should be recent ones worse, so far 2012 has played broadly to the scenarios roughly 3% to 3.5%. we laid out in our 2012 outlook. The US and global economies have chugged along at a positive, but uninspiring rate. Europe has, as In the United States, our preferred measure of economic was expected, been a drag on global growth—with the weakness activity—the Chicago Fed National Activity Index (CFNAI)— disproportionately evident in the south. Inflation has remained remains in the same range that has defined it since 2009. The muted, and while rates hit a new low in early June, they have spent CFNAI has been an exceptionally reliable indicator, historically most of the first half of the year stuck in the same range that has explaining roughly 45% of the variation in next quarter’s GDP. It broadly defined the bond market since last September. has kept us relatively measured in our expectations for economic growth through both the pathos of last summer and the prema- In terms of financial markets, our expectation for 2012 was for a ture euphoria of earlier this year. Despite all the gyrations in decent but uninspiring year for stocks, which we expected to at sentiment, the CFNAI continues to oscillate somewhere around least outperform bonds. Within equities, we favored dividend- zero, which is consistent with GDP growth of 2% or slightly better paying mega capitalization stocks (mega caps), smaller devel- (see Figure 1). In the absence of an exogenous shock—Europe oped countries and emerging markets. In fixed income, we being the most likely, but not the only candidate—we would expected interest rates to remain contained, but for municipal continue to expect the United States to grow at around 2% for and investment grade bonds to outperform. the remainder of 2012 and into 2013. On the whole, performance year-to-date has generally conformed to Similar to the CFNAI, we find that the Global Purchasing Manag- that view, with the notable exception of emerging markets. Equities ers Index (PMI) provides a reasonably accurate read of near-term are narrowly beating bonds and mega caps have outperformed both global economic activity. Here we see the same picture as in the small and large caps. The one call which has not had much of an United States with the indicator suggesting that global growth is impact to date is our preference for emerging markets. Year-to-date, unlikely to collapse or accelerate in the near term. The Global EM equities have performed in-line with those in developed markets. PMI ended April at 52.2, well above its levels in 2008, early 2009 and last summer and indicative of growth, but down from the On the bond side, we started the year with a particular focus on more robust levels of earlier in the year (see Figure 2). Absent a US investment grade debt and a continued preference for high collapse in Europe, the global economy should be able to limp grade municipals. So far, performance has been broadly in line along for the remainder of the year. with our comments, with both investment grade and municipals outperforming broader bond indices.
  • 4. iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES [4] Even in China, the picture remains remarkably similar. Growth The ongoing global economic sluggishness begs a question: why is disappointed in the first quarter and is likely to be soft again in growth so weak nearly three years after the end of such a brutal the second quarter; however, Chinese leading indicators suggest recession, and how long is it likely to remain stuck in first gear? slow growth, but no meaningful deceleration. Leaving aside the risk associated with the European chaos, the US fiscal drag or higher oil prices, the answer is that the same While the data out of China has been decidedly mixed and headwinds that have inhibited the recovery since 2009 remain difficult to interpret, our best guess is that China engineers a broadly in place. Debt levels in the developed world are still too soft landing in the back half of the year, with growth settling at high and the deleveraging process is likely to continue to exert a around 8%. After all, China has both the motivation and the headwind for the foreseeable future. In the United States, in means to do so. The motivation is the pending leadership particular, consumer debt levels, while lower, are still extremely transition in the fall, for which we believe Chinese officials will high by historical standards, and are unlikely to return to a more take whatever steps necessary to ensure a reasonably smooth sustainable level until probably 2014. transition, including keeping growth at a respectable rate. And as is the case with other emerging market countries—notably In addition, consumers are also struggling with stagnant wage Brazil—China has the fiscal and monetary flexibility to provide growth, which for hourly workers is at a record low, and negative in further stimulus. In the run-up to the transition, we would expect real terms. Even for the broader working population, income growth additional steps, such as cuts in the reserve requirement and is barely keeping pace with inflation. One little-noticed develop- targeted stimulus aimed at consumption, to ensure a soft landing. ment is that personal income growth has decelerated sharply over the past 12 months. Part of the reason for this is the slowdown in government transfer payments—direct payments such as unemployment benefits—which are no longer supporting personal Figure 1: Chicago Fed National Activity Index income growth to the extent they were in 2009 and 2010. In the (2000 to Present) absence of ever-increasing largess from Washington, personal 2 income growth has decelerated from 6% year-over-year in early 1 2011 to barely 3% today (see Figure 3). Chicago Fed National 0 In the first quarter, consumption was supported by a decline in the Activity Index -1 savings rate, which fell from 4.7% at the end of 2011 to 3.8% in -2 March (see Figure 4). This drop in the savings rate helped to propel -3 real personal consumption to a five-quarter high in the first quarter. Given the already low level of personal savings in the United States, -4 we would not expect this tailwind to continue, and believe personal -5 2/00 2/02 2/04 2/06 2/08 2/10 2/12 consumption is likely to be slower for the remainder of the year. Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12. Figure 3: United States Personal Income Growth Figure 2: Global Purchasing Managers Index (2000 to Present) (2004 to Present) 70 10% Global Purchasing Managers 8% Personal Income Growth 60 6% Year-over-Year 4% Index 50 2% 0% 40 -2% -4% 30 -6% 4/04 4/06 4/08 4/10 4/12 1/00 1/02 1/04 1/06 1/08 1/10 3/12 Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12. Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12.
  • 5. iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES [5] Will the United States Plunge Over the Fiscal Cliff? fiscal drag were to occur, we believe a double-dip recession becomes much more likely. This view has recently been echoed by A major threat to the above scenario of slow but positive growth is, the Congressional Budget Office, which now forecasts a contrac- of course, Europe. Before addressing Europe, it is worth reiterating tion of more than 1% in the first half of next year unless current that the United States also poses a significant, though less policy is amended. imminent, threat to the global recovery. The odds still favor an eleventh-hour compromise that is likely to As has been well reported over the past several months, the United delay part or all of the fiscal drag, but this is by no means assured. States is potentially facing the largest fiscal drag in decades. At the After all, despite widespread views that a compromise would be end of 2012, several tax hikes and spending cuts are scheduled to reached last year, Washington failed to reach a consensus on the hit simultaneously. The cumulative impact will be more than $600 US spending cuts, resulting in the sequester scheduled to take billion in fiscal drag, or the equivalent of roughly 4% of GDP (see effect next year. Given that the upcoming election is likely to be Figure 5). Given our view that under the current deleveraging trend highly bitter, and may very well increase the partisanship in both growth in the United States is unlikely to be better than 2%, if the the House and Senate, a compromise is not certain. As of this writing, despite all the headlines, we believe that investors are placing a very low probability on the fiscal drag actually occurring. This is partly evidenced by the fact that 2013 growth forecasts Figure 4: United States Personal Savings Rate have remained remarkably stable over the past nine months, (2000 to Present) despite the pending fiscal drag. 10% If in the run-up to the election a continuation of divided govern- ment starts to appear more likely, we believe that the market will come under pressure. At the very least, absent a clear consensus US Personal Savings Rate 8% coming out of the election, November and December are likely to 6% be marked by heightened volatility as investors grapple with the odds of a last-minute compromise. 4% 2% In Europe: Greek Rage, Spanish Banks and German Politics 0% 2/00 2/02 2/04 2/06 2/08 2/10 3/12 While investors enjoyed a temporary lull in early 2012, courtesy of Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12. the European Central Bank’s (ECB’s) massive injection of liquidity, the focus is once again on Europe. The deepening of the Spanish banking crisis and the uncertainty surrounding Greek solvency are just the latest manifestations of Europe’s lingering structural Figure 5: Cost of Federal Fiscal Policies Set to Expire in 2013 problems. While the second Greek election appears to have Under Current Law resulted in a more market-friendly outcome, the country’s fundamentals continue to deteriorate: the economy continues to Dollar Value 2013 Fiscal Policy shrink, banks are still bleeding deposits, and Greece’s debt ($ Billion) burden still appears unsustainable. Emergency Unemployment Insurance –35 Payroll Tax Holiday –110 Going forward, there are three critical developments we’ll be watching. First are events in Greece. Despite New Democracy’s win Bonus Depreciation –64 on June 17 there are still uncertainties regarding Greece’s ability Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) –46 to fulfill its obligations under the March agreement. The coalition Bush Era Tax Cut (Top Bracket) –83 government is likely to attempt to renegotiate the terms of the bailout. Given this scenario, there is still a significant tail risk that Bush Era Tax Cut (Other Brackets) –198 Greece may eventually decide to exit the euro. Should that occur Automatic Spending Cuts (Sequestration) –90 while Europe’s banking issues remain unresolved, this will raise Total –626 the likelihood of a full-blown banking crisis. Even if an agreement can be reached between Greece and the troika it is important to Source: CBO, OMB, Moody’s Analytics, Dismal Scientist 5/15/12 watch the outflows from Greek banks. If the Greek banks continue
  • 6. iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES [6] to bleed deposits, the ECB will need to provide more emergency have yet to seize the opportunity to provide a long-term credible assistance to prevent a collapse of the Greek banking system. path. Until then, we believe that Europe will continue to be a source of chronic stress and periodic bouts of risk aversion. If Greece cannot Second, and an even larger threat to Europe, are the Spanish abide by the terms of its austerity package, or if the Spanish banking banks. Spain needs to recapitalize its banking system, which is bailout proves inadequate or unwieldy, then the chronic stress is likely to cost at least €50 billion and perhaps much more. To date, likely to erupt into a crisis. there is no credible plan; investors are still looking for the government to articulate the mechanism by which the banks Given these risks, how should investors consider positioning their would be recapitalized as well as the source of the funds. portfolios going into the back half of 2012? The final development to watch in Europe is how the political Seize the Yield winds blow in Europe’s ultimate creditor—Germany. The Germans are coming under increasing pressure to accept some scheme for One of the consequences of the current environment is investors mutualizing European debt. To date, Chancellor Merkel has been should expect more volatility in the second half of the year. Europe’s in strict opposition to this development. However, if the political lingering fiscal dilemma and the pending drama of the US budget all climate in Germany veers toward a grand coalition between suggest that markets can advance in the second half of the year, but Chancellor Merkel’s Christian Democrats and the opposition the ascent is unlikely to be smooth. Since the early spring, we’ve been Socialists, she may be more inclined to entertain pooling at least expecting more equity market volatility. We believe that markets are some of Europe’s debt obligations. Any development in this likely to remain on edge throughout the remainder of 2012. direction would be a positive for the markets. One potential solution to the present volatility is the equity The net result of this uncertainty is likely to be continued stress dividend play. In addition to the yield story, dividend stocks are in the financial system. Credit spreads have been widening in generally less volatile than the broader market. Since the recent weeks. The pressure on the global financial system is also correction began, dividend-focused indices have generally evident in the Global Financial Stress Index, produced by Bank of outperformed the broader averages. America Merrill Lynch. The indicator recently rose to its highest level since early January (see Figure 6). Recent performance is consistent with the historical pattern. In general, dividend stocks and funds tend to be less volatile than In summary, when we look at the overall investment climate, we the broader averages. The beta (a measure of the tendency of don’t see another recession or a Greek exit as foregone conclusions. securities to move with the market at large) of the Dow Jones U.S. That said, Europe is no closer to a political, economic or financial Select Dividend Index to the S&P 500 Index has historically been resolution to its problems. The ECB’s two long-term refinancing around 0.8, meaning that for every 1% the market moves this operations (LTROs) mitigated, but did not remove, the stress on the index typically moves around 80 basis points. Even in emerging European banking system. While they did buy time for the politicians markets—typically a more volatile sector of the market—divi- to arrive at a political solution to Europe’s debt problems, politicians dend stocks do tend to cushion the downside. The Dow Jones Emerging Markets Select Dividend Index has a beta of roughly 0.8 to the broader MSCI Emerging Markets Index1. In general, dividend stocks and funds have demonstrated muted volatility when compared to broader indices. Figure 6: Global Financial Stress Index (2007 to Present) In addition, many segments of this style are actually trading at a 3 significant discount to the broader global market, particularly outside of the United States. The Dow Jones EPAC Select Divi- 2 dend Index, covering Europe and Asia, is currently trading for less GFS Index Score than 12x earnings versus a multiple of around 13.5x for the MSCI 1 World Index2. This trend is also evident in emerging markets. The Dow Jones Emerging Markets Select Dividend Index trades at 0 less than 10x earnings versus around 11x for the broader MSCI Emerging Markets Index. 3 -1 2/07 2/08 2/09 2/10 2/11 5/12 1 Source: Bloomberg 4/30/12. 2 Source: Bloomberg 4/30/12. Source Bloomberg, Bank of America Merrill Lynch 5/15/12 3 Source: Bloomberg 4/30/12.
  • 7. iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES [7] Emerging Market Stocks have tended to outperform over a one-year horizon whenever the relative valuation is at a 20% or greater discount to developed Our other main view on the equity side balances out the defensive tilt markets. We would therefore view current levels as an attractive implicit in our preference for dividends. As we’ve advocated since late opportunity to add positions, particularly in Latin America, China and last year, we would look to overweight emerging markets. While this Taiwan. As discussed above, we would also have a preference for has not produced positive relative returns year-to-date, we’re sticking gaining our emerging market exposure through high-dividend stocks with the call. and instruments. The argument rests on a number of factors: a longer-term trend Sticking with Investment Grade toward less volatility, stronger economic growth, falling inflation and more compelling valuations. Focusing on the last two, it is worth In the fixed income space, we’ve had a preference for municipal highlighting that emerging market inflation continues to fall, with the bonds since late 2010. This asset class has continued to do well. notable exception of India where we remain underweight. Most of the With municipal yields still at a significant premium to comparable larger emerging markets have witnessed a significant deceleration in Treasuries, and with little evidence of the feared meltdown in inflation over the past six months. In China, inflation has fallen from municipal finances, we would stick with this call. 6.5% in July 2011 to 3.4% in April 2012. In Brazil, a country with a history of struggling with high inflation, inflation has decelerated by The final theme we would emphasize would be our continued more than 2% since September 2011 (see Figure 7). preference for US corporate bonds, particularly investment grades. One of the many ironies of the last several years is, despite the As we’ve discussed in the past, lower inflation in emerging markets is ongoing fiscal deterioration in the US balance sheet and the particularly critical as equity valuations are very sensitive to inflation. continued improvement in corporate profitability, credit spreads As inflation falls, multiples in emerging markets typically rise at a remain high by historical standards. This is particularly true of much faster rate than for a similar drop in developed markets. of the US investment grade space, which largely sat out the risk- driven rally earlier in the year. As a result, while investment grade The potential for multiple expansion is arguably greater given that bonds have narrowly outperformed the Barclays U.S. Aggregate emerging market valuations are currently low by most measures. In Index year-to-date, spreads still appear wide by any measure. late May, the MSCI Emerging Markets Index was trading for less than 11x earnings, the bottom quintile of its historical range. Valuations Currently, the yield spread between Moody’s Baa index and the appear even more compelling when compared to developed markets. 10-year Treasury note is approximately 340 basis points. While Emerging markets are currently trading at a 20% discount to devel- spreads were much wider during the height of the financial crisis, oped markets. In late 2010, emerging market stocks were trading at current levels look exceptionally wide when compared to the 20-year less than a 10% discount (see Figure 8). Historically, emerging markets average of around 230 basis points and even more so against the long-term average of around 185 basis points (see Figure 9). Figure 7: Emerging Market Inflation (2005 to Present) Figure 8: Emerging Market Relative Valuations (2000 to Present) 10% 10% 8% Inflation Year-over-Year US Personal Savings Rate 6% 8% 4% 6% 2% 4% 0% 2% -2% -4% 0% 8/05 7/06 7/07 7/08 7/09 7/10 7/11 4/12 2/00 2/02 2/04 2/06 2/08 2/10 3/12 Brazil China Source: Bloomberg 5/24/12 Source: Bloomberg, as of 5/15/12.
  • 8. iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES [8] It is true that we would expect spreads to be somewhat wider given the In the meantime, we expect volatility to remain elevated, partly due to sluggish nature of the recovery. However, current levels look extreme Europe and partly due to the uncertainty surrounding US fiscal policy. unless you believe the United States is headed back toward another In this environment, while equity markets can move higher, we would recession. Spreads also look exaggerated when you consider the expect that move to be accompanied by a reasonable amount of ongoing profitability of the US corporate sector, as well as the continued volatility, certainly more than we experienced in the first quarter and strengthening of balance sheets, particularly for large cap companies. As early second quarter. Given that scenario, we would prefer the such, we would continue to advocate that investors trade duration for relatively low beta of high dividend stocks—both in developed and credit risk, with US credit being an attractive place to start. emerging markets—and to use any market weakness as an opportunity to add to longer-term positions in emerging markets. On the fixed Conclusion income side, while high yield was the flavor of the month in the first quarter, we believe historically high spreads and less risk favor Give me control of a nation’s money and I care not who makes her laws. investment grade in the coming months. —Mayer Amschel Rothschild Over the coming weeks, months and years, Mayer Rothschild’s axiom is likely to be put to the test. While Germany continues to ultimately control Europe’s checkbook, this may be insufficient in the presence of rising anger in much of the periphery. If politicians cannot adopt a complement of pro-growth policies and address Europe’s fragile banking system, a broader European crisis becomes inevitable. Actions by the ECB at the end of last year and again in February were a powerful palliative, but did nothing to resolve longer-term questions over Greek solvency, Spanish banks, longer-term growth or fiscal integration. Based on the market’s recent performance, outside of some modest reforms in Spain and Italy, 2012 has been little better. That said, a European crisis is not preordained. Economic solutions do exist, although whether they are politically viable is still an open question. Nevertheless, in some respects—a growing awareness of the need for growth and tentative signs that Germany may accept eurobonds—Europe is stumbling toward a consensus. The big question is whether they will get there in time. Figure 9: Credit Spreads (1990 to Present) 700 Spread MOODY’S Baa Index 600 to 10-Year Treasury (bps) 500 400 Long Term Average 300 200 100 2/90 1/94 1/98 1/02 1/06 1/10 1/12 Source: Bloomberg 5/25/12
  • 9. iSHARES MARKET PERSPECTIVES [9] Figure 2: iShares Investment Strategy Group Near-Term Outlooks Global Region Underweight Neutral Overweight Related iShares ETF Tickers Developed Markets Global Equities x ACWI, HDV, IOO, OEF, IDV, URTH, ACWV Developed Markets x EFA, IDV, ACWX, EFAV, SCZ Australia x EWA, EPP, EWAS, DVYA Canada x EWC, EWCS France x EWQ Germany x EWG, EWGS Hong Kong x EWH, EWHS Italy x EWI Japan x EWJ, SCJ Netherlands x EWN Norway x ENOR Singapore x EWS, EWSS Spain x EWP Sweden x EWD Switzerland x EWL United Kingdom x EWU, EWUS United States x EUSA, IWV, IVV, USMV Emerging Markets Emerging Markets x EEM, EEMV, DVYE, EEMS Brazil x EWZ, EWZS China x MCHI, ECNS India x INDY, INDA, SMIN Indonesia x EIDO Mexico x EWW Russia x ERUS South Africa x EZA South Korea x EWY Taiwan x EWT Global Sector Underweight Neutral Overweight Related iShares ETF Tickers Consumer Discretionary x Consumer Staples x IYK, KXI, AXSL Energy x IXC, FILL, EMEY, AXEN European Banks x EUFN Financials x IYF, IXG, AXFN, EMFN, EUFN, FEFN, IAT Healthcare x IYH, IXJ, AXHE Industrials x IYJ, EXI, AXID Information Technology x IXN, AXIT, AAIT, IYW, SOXX Materials x IYM, MXI, AXMT, EMMT, RING, PICK, SLVP REITs x ICF, IYR Telecommunications x IXP, AXTE, IYZ US Industrials x IYJ US Regional Banks x IAT US Retail x N/A US Technology x IYW US Utilities x IDU Utilities x IDV, JXI, AXUT Fixed Income Sector Underweight Neutral Overweight Related iShares ETF Tickers Emerging Markets x EMB, LEMB, CEMB, EMHY High Yield Credit x HYG, HYXU, GHYG, QLTB, QLTC LQD, FLOT, QLTA, MONY, ENGN, AMPS, CSJ, Investment Grade Credit x CIU, CFT, CLY, QLTA Mortgage-Backed Securities x MBB, GNMA, CMBS Municipals x SUB, MUB Non-US Developed Markets x ISHG, IGOV TIPS/Global Inflation-Linked x STIP, TIP, GTIP, ITIP US Treasuries x SHY, IEI, IEF, TLH, TLT, GOVT, SHV Global Style Underweight Neutral Overweight Related iShares ETF Tickers Global Mega Caps x OEF, IOO, HDV, DVY, IDV Small Caps x IWM This material represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific time and is not intended to be a forecast of future events or a guarantee of future results. This information should not be relied upon by the reader as research, investment advice or a recommendation regarding the iShares Funds or any security in particular. This information is strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and is subject to change. This information does not represent the actual current, past or future holdings or portfolio of any BlackRock client.
  • 10. For more information visit www.iShares.com or call 1-800-474-2737 Carefully consider the iShares Funds’ investment objectives, risk factors, Uruguay or any other securities regulator in any Latin American country, and thus might not be and charges and expenses before investing. This and other information can publicly offered within any such country. The securities regulators of such countries have not be found in the Funds’ prospectuses, which may be obtained by calling confirmed the accuracy of any information contained herein. No information discussed herein can 1-800-iShares (1-800-474-2737) or by visiting www.iShares.com. Read the be provided to the general public in Latin America. prospectus carefully before investing. Notice to residents in Australia: Investing involves risk, including possible loss of principal. Diversification may not Issued in Australia by BlackRock Investment Management (Australia) Limited ABN 13 006 165 protect against market risk. 975, AFSL 230523 (“BIMAL”) to institutional investors only. iShares® exchange traded funds In addition to the normal risks associated with investing, international investments may involve (“ETFs”) that are made available in Australia are issued by BIMAL, iShares, Inc. ARBN 125 632 risk of capital loss from unfavorable fluctuation in currency values, from differences in generally 279 and iShares Trust ARBN 125 632 411. BlackRock Asset Management Australia Limited accepted accounting principles or from economic or political instability in other nations. Emerging (“BAMAL”) ABN 33 001 804 566, AFSL 225 398 is the local agent and intermediary for iShares markets involve heightened risks related to the same factors as well as increased volatility and ETFs that are issued by iShares, Inc. and iShares Trust. BIMAL and BAMAL are wholly-owned lower trading volume. Securities focusing on a single country and narrowly focused investments subsidiaries of BlackRock, Inc. (collectively “BlackRock”). A Product Disclosure Statement may be subject to higher volatility. (“PDS”) or prospectus for each iShares ETF that is offered in Australia is available at iShares.com. au. You should read the PDS or prospectus and consider whether an iShares ETF is appropriate Bonds and bond funds will decrease in value as interest rates rise. A portion of a municipal bond for you before deciding to invest. iShares securities trade on ASX at market price (not, net asset fund’s income may be subject to federal or state income taxes or the alternative minimum tax. value (“NAV”)). iShares securities may only be redeemed directly by persons called “Authorised Capital gains, if any, are subject to capital gains tax. An investment in the Fund(s) is not insured Participants.” or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The strategies discussed are strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and should not be Index returns are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent actual iShares Fund construed as a recommendation to purchase or sell, or an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer performance. Index performance returns do not reflect any management fees, transac- to buy any security. There is no guarantee that any strategies discussed will be effective. The tion costs or expenses. Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an information provided is not intended to be a complete analysis of every material fact respecting index. Past performance does not guarantee future results. For actual iShares Fund per- any strategy. The examples presented do not take into consideration commissions, tax implica- formance, please visit www.iShares.com or request a prospectus by calling 1-800-iShares tions or other transactions costs, which may significantly affect the economic consequences of (1-800-474-2737). a given strategy. The iShares Funds that are registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission under This material represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific time and is not the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Funds”) are distributed in the US by BlackRock intended to be a forecast of future events or a guarantee of future results. This information should Investments, LLC (together with its affiliates, “BlackRock”). This material is solely for educa- not be relied upon by the reader as research or investment advice regarding the funds or any tional purposes and does not constitute an offer or solicitation to sell or a solicitation of an offer security in particular. to buy any shares of any fund (nor shall any such shares be offered or sold to any person) in any jurisdiction in which an offer, solicitation, purchase or sale would be unlawful under the securities ©2012 BlackRock. All rights reserved. iShares® and BlackRock® are registered trademarks law of that jurisdiction. of BlackRock. All other trademarks, servicemarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. iS-7428-0612 3911-03RB-6/12 In Latin America, for Institutional and Professional Investors Only (Not for public Distribution): iS-7428-0612 If any funds are mentioned or inferred to in this material, it is possible that some or all of the funds have not been registered with the securities regulator of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Not FDIC Insured • No Bank Guarantee • May Lose Value