2. Humanistic psychology
Humanistic psychology is the theory that people
possess free will and the ability to develop and
improve themselves. It emphasizes that
human being’s basic need is decided by
their potential energy. The goal is to reach
self-actualization. Humanism focuses on the
unobservable private mental world of an
individual.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
3. Carl Ransom Rogers (1902–1989)
- Self-image
- Self-worth
- Ideal self
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Hierarchy of needs
Founders of Humanistic Psychology
4. • Behaviour can only be understood from the individual’s point of
view. ”How was it for you?”
• The goal of human existence is self-actualization. ( Self
actualization is to become all that we are capable of being)
• An individual needs to feel valued and prized by a therapist who
communicates to the client warmth, empathy and acceptance.
• Therapy is non-directive and client-centred, in that it gives control
to the client
Roger and Humanistic Approach
5. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a motivational or influential theory that looks at the
dynamics of what humans need to survive. It's referred to as a hierarchy or the Maslow
pyramid because there are elements of need that must be attained prior to seeking
elements higher up in the pyramid.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
6. • “Self-actualization” is the education aim which is pursued by all of the
humanism educators including Rogers
• Learners are encouraged to develop freely. Thus, teachers should ask “how the
students can learn well. “
• we should not take the students as “accepter” who is passive, negative,
automatic and do not care for their emotion.
• During the process of teaching, the teacher can offer the students various
learning resources, such as useful websites on the internet. This will be helpful
for learning and in this way both of learning and teaching process will be vivid
and interesting.
Applications of the humanistic
approach on Education
7. The Five Basic Principles of Humanistic
Approach
The five basic principles of humanistic education can be summarized as follows:
1) Students' learning should be self-directed.
2) Schools should produce students who want and know how to learn.
3) The only form of meaningful evaluation is self-evaluation.
4) Feelings, as well as knowledge, are important in the learning process.
5) Students learn best in a nonthreatening environment.
9. • Rogers put his psychological therapy into education and created the “self-
directed”learning.
• Therefore the teacher’s task is to offer learning methods, and the students learn
by themselves.
• The teacher should not live as “teacher” but a “facilitator”.
Student-Centered Teaching
10. Rogers and Maslow placed little value on scientific psychology, especially the use
of the psychology laboratory to investigate both human and animal behavior.
Humanism rejects scientific methodology like experiments and typically uses
qualitative research methods. For example, diary accounts, open-ended
questionnaires, unstructured interviews and unstructured observations.
Humanism rejects scientific methodology.
11. Humanistic psychologists rejected a rigorous scientific approach to
psychology because they saw it as dehumanizing and unable to capture
the richness of conscious experience.
As would be expected of an approach that is ‘anti-scientific’,
humanistic psychology is short on empirical evidence. The approach
includes untestable concepts, such as ‘self-actualisation’ and
‘congruence’.
Criticism of Humanistic Approach
