SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 34
CHARACTERISTICS OF
WATERSHED
(WATERSHED MANAGEMENT)
UNIT – II
Rambabu Palaka, Assistant ProfessorBVRIT
Learning Objectives
1. Climatic Characteristics
Rainfall & its movement, Intensity, Duration, Temperature, Wind
Velocity, Humidity, Transpiration, and Evaporation
2. Physiographic Characteristics
Size, Shape, Slope, Drainage Density, Elevation, Land use, Vegetation
Cover, Soil, Geology, Hydrology, Hydrogeology
3. Socio-economics Characteristics
Statistics on people and their health, wants & wishes, Cattle and
Farming Practices, People Participation
Watershed Characteristics
Each and every watershed has distinct characteristics of its own.
No Two Watersheds are Identical
1. Climatic Characteristics
2. Physiographical Characteristics
All the above characteristics affect the pattern of disposal of stream flow
Micro-Watershed near Moosapet Village,
Narsapur Mandal, Medak District, Telanagana State
Case Study
Moosapet Tank
Moosapet Tank
Common Point
(Tank Outlet)
Climatic Characteristics
 If the climatic condition is dry before the rainfall, loss of runoff is more
due to infiltration and evapotranspiration.
Climatic condition depends on Temperature, Wind Velocity, and Humidity
Transpiration, Evaporation, and Evapotranspiration depends on Climatic Condition
 The more the intensity of rainfall in the watershed, the more is the peak
flow disposal from the area.
 If the duration is less, time taken to dispose with lower peak flow is also
less
 If the rain moves downstream, the peak stream flow of watershed
occurs quickly
 If rain moves upstream, the peak flow occurs late
Climatic Characteristics
For the correct design of hydraulic structures like
 Dams
 Weirs
 Barrage
 Reservoirs
 Spillways
 Retaining walls
 Embankments
a peak flow assessment of run-off or flood should be
accurately worked out
Physiographic Characteristics
Shape:
 Watersheds differ in their shape based on morphometric parameters like
geology and structure.
 The shape of watershed has a dominant effect on the characteristics of
the hydrograph of the watershed such as peak flow, overland flow, and
base of hydrograph (run-off time).
Physiographic Characteristics
Size:
The size of watershed is governed by the size of stream or river and the
development and management works taken.
 For minor irrigation project, size may be few hundred square kilometers
 For Tank or Pond Irrigation, size is just few square kilometers
 In Watershed management works in hilly or undulating topography, the size of
watershed may be even much smaller .
Measurement of precipitation as well as water retention, drainage from the
watershed complex for a bigger size of watershed
Influence of Basin Area on Runoff Volume
Influence of Basin Size on Runoff
Physiographic Characteristics
Slope:
It controls the rainfall distribution and movement, land utilization and watershed
behavior.
If slope is more,
 the velocity is more, and hence flood water drains quickly
 results in higher peak discharge
 reduces infiltration
 increases the soil transportation
Influence of Basin Sloe of Runoff
Gentle slope indicates lesser runoff and Steeper slope indicates higher runoff
Physiographic Characteristics
Drainage:
The Stream Order, Drainage Pattern, and Drainage Density have a profound
influence on watershed as to runoff, infiltration, land management etc.
 It determines the flow characteristics and erosional behavior.
 If drainage density is more, peak runoff is more.
Stream Order (Strahler)
 First and Second order streams
generally form on steep slopes and flow
quickly until they slow down and meet
the next order waterway.
 First to Third Order Streams generally
found in upper reaches of watershed
Streams that are classified through 4th
to 6th are called as medium streams
 If Stream order is larger than 6th is
considered as river.
Drainage Pattern
Pattern Description Controlling influences
Dendritic
random, tree-like branching
pattern
flat-lying sedimentary rock, thick
sediment, or homogeneous rock
uninterrupted by fractures
Trellis
long (subsequent) streams follow
strike valleys fed by short
tributaries descending from
adjacent obsequent and dip slopes
developed in differentially eroded
fold belts containing Lithology of
varying strengths
Radial
tributaries radiate away from a
central region
central highland such as a volcano
or eroding pluton surrounded by
sedimentary rock
Rectangular tributaries make right angle bends jointed or faulted bedrock
Drainage Patterns
Physiographic Characteristics
Physiography:
Type of land, its altitude and physical disposition immensely speak about a
watershed as to the climate and planning the activities in greening.
 Hilly tract could be useful mainly for Forestry
 Plains of populated areas could be utilized for Crops
Physiographic Characteristics
Land Use:
The land in watershed is used for numerous purposes such as
 dwelling houses
 cultivation
 livestock
 water harvesting
 roads and railways
Land use affects the run-off rates.
Physiographic Characteristics
Vegetation Cover:
 Vegetation cover retard the flow and increases the infiltration and interception,
there by reducing the peak flow.
 Vegetation cover protects the soil erosion.
Detailed information on vegetation helps in choosing type, mode and manner of
greening the watershed
Physiographic Characteristics
Soil:
 The soil such as sand absorbs a larger part of run-off water, so the rate of flow is
less. Clay soil produces more flow as its absorption is less.
 Soil parameters such as depth, nature, moisture and fertility determines crops.
Physiographic Characteristics
Geology:
Rocks and their structure control formation of a watershed itself because their nature
determines size, shape, physiography, drainage, and groundwater conditions.
 Geological conditions affects the run-off of watershed. If there are some cracks in
rocks joining surface water and groundwater, a part of water flows quickly
underground.
 Lakes, Storages, Swamp hold a part of excess rainfall
Physiographic Characteristics
Hydrology:
The availability, quality and distribution of surface water is basic to the final goal of
growing greenery in a watershed.
 Hydrological parameters such as intensity and duration of rainfall help in
quantification of water available in watershed.
 If rainfall continues for longer period with low intensity, evaporation and
percolation increases but run-off is less. Further it may cause landslide in sloping
hillside areas.
Physiographic Characteristics
Hydrogeology:
The groundwater demand for irrigation, farm plantation, drinking water , domestic
use and industrial use is more as it is relatively less polluted and pure.
 The information about aquifer such as nature, thickness and characteristics
should be known for betting planning of watersheds.
Socio-economic Characteristics
A survey of people living in the watershed should be made regarding their
 needs and wants,
 economic conditions,
 health & hygiene,
 cattle,
 farming practices and
 participation
in watershed management.
Demographic profile, sociological stratification, attitude and behavior of community
will affect the watershed management to a great extent.
Benchmark Survey
Benchmark Survey of a watershed is the survey of basic resources. It is essential for
a master plan and future evaluation and monitoring of the watershed.
The basic points considered in Benchmark Survey are as follows:
 Physiography (Name, Elevation, Boundaries, Transportation etc.)
 Climate (Temperature, Wind, Humidity etc.)
 Soil (Type, Depth, Permeability etc.)
 Hydrological Survey (Rainfall, Infiltration, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration)
 Topographical Survey (Size, Slope, Shape etc.)
 Land Use and Vegetation Survey
 Socio-economic Survey
Reference
Watershed Management
by
Madan Mohan Das
Mimi Das Saikia
PHI Learning Private Limited

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Watershed delineation
Watershed delineationWatershed delineation
Watershed delineationlizbasile
 
Watershed concept, objectives and approach
Watershed concept, objectives and approachWatershed concept, objectives and approach
Watershed concept, objectives and approachAkshay Bhorkade
 
Ground water recharge Methods
Ground water recharge MethodsGround water recharge Methods
Ground water recharge MethodsPrabhat Mishra
 
Groundwater and watershed management
Groundwater and watershed managementGroundwater and watershed management
Groundwater and watershed managementHaroon khan
 
Prioritizing watersheds
Prioritizing watershedsPrioritizing watersheds
Prioritizing watershedsMeer Raashid
 
Components of gis
Components of gisComponents of gis
Components of gisPramoda Raj
 
Seminar on Hydrological modelling
Seminar on Hydrological modellingSeminar on Hydrological modelling
Seminar on Hydrological modellingvishvam Pancholi
 
Reservoir sedimentation
Reservoir sedimentationReservoir sedimentation
Reservoir sedimentationPramoda Raj
 
Drought management
Drought managementDrought management
Drought managementvivek gami
 
LECTURE 2- WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENTS.pptx
LECTURE 2- WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENTS.pptxLECTURE 2- WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENTS.pptx
LECTURE 2- WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENTS.pptxCHU DICKSON
 
Groundwater Properties
Groundwater PropertiesGroundwater Properties
Groundwater PropertiesMinhaz Hasan
 
Application of GIS and RS in Watershed Management
Application of GIS and RS in Watershed ManagementApplication of GIS and RS in Watershed Management
Application of GIS and RS in Watershed Managementholegajendra
 
Principles of remote sensing
Principles of remote sensingPrinciples of remote sensing
Principles of remote sensingPramoda Raj
 
soil erosion modelling by RUSLE
soil erosion modelling by RUSLEsoil erosion modelling by RUSLE
soil erosion modelling by RUSLEkaushal gadariya
 
Watershed management Programs and Policies in India
Watershed management Programs and Policies in IndiaWatershed management Programs and Policies in India
Watershed management Programs and Policies in IndiaGeeva Chandana
 
Applications of gis
Applications of gisApplications of gis
Applications of gisPramoda Raj
 
Watershed management
Watershed  managementWatershed  management
Watershed managementPramoda Raj
 
Vertical distribution of groundwater
Vertical distribution of groundwaterVertical distribution of groundwater
Vertical distribution of groundwaterPramoda Raj
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Watershed delineation
Watershed delineationWatershed delineation
Watershed delineation
 
Watershed concept, objectives and approach
Watershed concept, objectives and approachWatershed concept, objectives and approach
Watershed concept, objectives and approach
 
Ground water recharge Methods
Ground water recharge MethodsGround water recharge Methods
Ground water recharge Methods
 
Groundwater Hydrology
Groundwater HydrologyGroundwater Hydrology
Groundwater Hydrology
 
Groundwater and watershed management
Groundwater and watershed managementGroundwater and watershed management
Groundwater and watershed management
 
Prioritizing watersheds
Prioritizing watershedsPrioritizing watersheds
Prioritizing watersheds
 
Components of gis
Components of gisComponents of gis
Components of gis
 
Seminar on Hydrological modelling
Seminar on Hydrological modellingSeminar on Hydrological modelling
Seminar on Hydrological modelling
 
Reservoir sedimentation
Reservoir sedimentationReservoir sedimentation
Reservoir sedimentation
 
Drought management
Drought managementDrought management
Drought management
 
LECTURE 2- WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENTS.pptx
LECTURE 2- WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENTS.pptxLECTURE 2- WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENTS.pptx
LECTURE 2- WATERSHED CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENTS.pptx
 
Groundwater Properties
Groundwater PropertiesGroundwater Properties
Groundwater Properties
 
Application of GIS and RS in Watershed Management
Application of GIS and RS in Watershed ManagementApplication of GIS and RS in Watershed Management
Application of GIS and RS in Watershed Management
 
Principles of remote sensing
Principles of remote sensingPrinciples of remote sensing
Principles of remote sensing
 
soil erosion modelling by RUSLE
soil erosion modelling by RUSLEsoil erosion modelling by RUSLE
soil erosion modelling by RUSLE
 
Watershed management Programs and Policies in India
Watershed management Programs and Policies in IndiaWatershed management Programs and Policies in India
Watershed management Programs and Policies in India
 
Applications of gis
Applications of gisApplications of gis
Applications of gis
 
Watershed management
Watershed  managementWatershed  management
Watershed management
 
Vertical distribution of groundwater
Vertical distribution of groundwaterVertical distribution of groundwater
Vertical distribution of groundwater
 
Watershed management
Watershed managementWatershed management
Watershed management
 

Andere mochten auch

Presentation watershed
Presentation watershedPresentation watershed
Presentation watershedakshitakohli
 
What Is the objective of watershed management
What Is the objective of watershed managementWhat Is the objective of watershed management
What Is the objective of watershed managementLife Green Systems
 
Wateshed management
Wateshed managementWateshed management
Wateshed managementVivek Kumar
 
Total watershed management
Total watershed managementTotal watershed management
Total watershed managementAJIT MALI
 
Rainwater harvesting and watershed management
Rainwater harvesting and watershed managementRainwater harvesting and watershed management
Rainwater harvesting and watershed managementPranay Krishnan
 
Watershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,Bangladesh
Watershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,BangladeshWatershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,Bangladesh
Watershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,BangladeshRazir Fahad
 
RIVER NETWORKS AS ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR SPECIES POPULATIONS AND WATER-BORN...
RIVER NETWORKS AS ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR SPECIES POPULATIONS AND WATER-BORN...RIVER NETWORKS AS ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR SPECIES POPULATIONS AND WATER-BORN...
RIVER NETWORKS AS ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR SPECIES POPULATIONS AND WATER-BORN...Riccardo Rigon
 
Mirghasemi watershed management-in iran
Mirghasemi watershed management-in iranMirghasemi watershed management-in iran
Mirghasemi watershed management-in irangroundwatercop
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Presentation watershed
Presentation watershedPresentation watershed
Presentation watershed
 
What Is the objective of watershed management
What Is the objective of watershed managementWhat Is the objective of watershed management
What Is the objective of watershed management
 
Watersheds PowerPoint
Watersheds PowerPointWatersheds PowerPoint
Watersheds PowerPoint
 
Wateshed management
Wateshed managementWateshed management
Wateshed management
 
Introduction to Watershed Management
Introduction to Watershed ManagementIntroduction to Watershed Management
Introduction to Watershed Management
 
Total watershed management
Total watershed managementTotal watershed management
Total watershed management
 
Rainwater harvesting and watershed management
Rainwater harvesting and watershed managementRainwater harvesting and watershed management
Rainwater harvesting and watershed management
 
Watershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,Bangladesh
Watershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,BangladeshWatershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,Bangladesh
Watershed problem and management ; study on Khulna University,Bangladesh
 
watershed management
 watershed management watershed management
watershed management
 
Watershed Management In India
Watershed Management In IndiaWatershed Management In India
Watershed Management In India
 
Introduction to Remote Sensing
Introduction to Remote SensingIntroduction to Remote Sensing
Introduction to Remote Sensing
 
Data collection
Data collectionData collection
Data collection
 
Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal PumpsCentrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
 
Runoff & Flood Frequency Analysis
Runoff & Flood Frequency AnalysisRunoff & Flood Frequency Analysis
Runoff & Flood Frequency Analysis
 
Watershed - Principles of Erosion
Watershed - Principles of ErosionWatershed - Principles of Erosion
Watershed - Principles of Erosion
 
Introduction to Aerial Photogrammetry
Introduction to Aerial PhotogrammetryIntroduction to Aerial Photogrammetry
Introduction to Aerial Photogrammetry
 
RIVER NETWORKS AS ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR SPECIES POPULATIONS AND WATER-BORN...
RIVER NETWORKS AS ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR SPECIES POPULATIONS AND WATER-BORN...RIVER NETWORKS AS ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR SPECIES POPULATIONS AND WATER-BORN...
RIVER NETWORKS AS ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR SPECIES POPULATIONS AND WATER-BORN...
 
Why Watersheds
Why WatershedsWhy Watersheds
Why Watersheds
 
Mirghasemi watershed management-in iran
Mirghasemi watershed management-in iranMirghasemi watershed management-in iran
Mirghasemi watershed management-in iran
 
2 hydro-geomorphology
2  hydro-geomorphology2  hydro-geomorphology
2 hydro-geomorphology
 

Ähnlich wie Characteristics of Watershed

Watershed charecteristics
Watershed charecteristicsWatershed charecteristics
Watershed charecteristicsVipin Mishra
 
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTION
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTIONWATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTION
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTIONGovindaRajuluBadana1
 
GWRM-Theory 4a.pdf
GWRM-Theory 4a.pdfGWRM-Theory 4a.pdf
GWRM-Theory 4a.pdfWageYado
 
Methods to control soil erosion and water run off
Methods to control soil erosion and water run offMethods to control soil erosion and water run off
Methods to control soil erosion and water run offRajat Sharma
 
WATERSHED NOTES IN BOTH HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES.pptx
WATERSHED NOTES IN BOTH HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES.pptxWATERSHED NOTES IN BOTH HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES.pptx
WATERSHED NOTES IN BOTH HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES.pptxFormulaMw
 
Hydrology of urban areas and agricultural lands.pptx
Hydrology of urban areas and agricultural lands.pptxHydrology of urban areas and agricultural lands.pptx
Hydrology of urban areas and agricultural lands.pptxDrSr6
 
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Sumant Diwakar
 
A study on soil erosion and its impacts on floods and sedimentation
A study on soil erosion and its impacts on floods and sedimentationA study on soil erosion and its impacts on floods and sedimentation
A study on soil erosion and its impacts on floods and sedimentationeSAT Publishing House
 
Modeling the Hydrology of Dal Lake
Modeling the Hydrology of Dal LakeModeling the Hydrology of Dal Lake
Modeling the Hydrology of Dal LakeShakil Romshoo
 
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentInternational Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
 
Application of Remote sensing in wasteland Mappings.pptx
Application of Remote sensing in wasteland Mappings.pptxApplication of Remote sensing in wasteland Mappings.pptx
Application of Remote sensing in wasteland Mappings.pptxsapna kinattinkara
 
Organic Amendment Restoration of Degraded Upland Landscapes in the Chestatee-...
Organic Amendment Restoration of Degraded Upland Landscapes in the Chestatee-...Organic Amendment Restoration of Degraded Upland Landscapes in the Chestatee-...
Organic Amendment Restoration of Degraded Upland Landscapes in the Chestatee-...Justin Ellis
 
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering.ppt
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering.pptSoil and Water Conservation Engineering.ppt
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering.pptAyele Akuma
 

Ähnlich wie Characteristics of Watershed (20)

Watershed charecteristics
Watershed charecteristicsWatershed charecteristics
Watershed charecteristics
 
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTION
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTIONWATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTION
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT - INTRODUCTION
 
GWRM-Theory 4a.pdf
GWRM-Theory 4a.pdfGWRM-Theory 4a.pdf
GWRM-Theory 4a.pdf
 
Methods to control soil erosion and water run off
Methods to control soil erosion and water run offMethods to control soil erosion and water run off
Methods to control soil erosion and water run off
 
08-22 Lecture.ppt
08-22 Lecture.ppt08-22 Lecture.ppt
08-22 Lecture.ppt
 
WATERSHED NOTES IN BOTH HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES.pptx
WATERSHED NOTES IN BOTH HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES.pptxWATERSHED NOTES IN BOTH HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES.pptx
WATERSHED NOTES IN BOTH HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSES.pptx
 
SOIL EROSION AND SOIL HEALTH
SOIL EROSION AND SOIL HEALTHSOIL EROSION AND SOIL HEALTH
SOIL EROSION AND SOIL HEALTH
 
Hydrology of urban areas and agricultural lands.pptx
Hydrology of urban areas and agricultural lands.pptxHydrology of urban areas and agricultural lands.pptx
Hydrology of urban areas and agricultural lands.pptx
 
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
 
4 runoff and floods
4 runoff and floods4 runoff and floods
4 runoff and floods
 
Impact of climate on groundwater
Impact of climate on groundwaterImpact of climate on groundwater
Impact of climate on groundwater
 
final report
final reportfinal report
final report
 
A study on soil erosion and its impacts on floods and sedimentation
A study on soil erosion and its impacts on floods and sedimentationA study on soil erosion and its impacts on floods and sedimentation
A study on soil erosion and its impacts on floods and sedimentation
 
Modeling the Hydrology of Dal Lake
Modeling the Hydrology of Dal LakeModeling the Hydrology of Dal Lake
Modeling the Hydrology of Dal Lake
 
Online Watershed Analysis Tool
Online Watershed Analysis Tool Online Watershed Analysis Tool
Online Watershed Analysis Tool
 
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentInternational Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
 
Evidence that land use interventions including Agroforestry can deliver quant...
Evidence that land use interventions including Agroforestry can deliver quant...Evidence that land use interventions including Agroforestry can deliver quant...
Evidence that land use interventions including Agroforestry can deliver quant...
 
Application of Remote sensing in wasteland Mappings.pptx
Application of Remote sensing in wasteland Mappings.pptxApplication of Remote sensing in wasteland Mappings.pptx
Application of Remote sensing in wasteland Mappings.pptx
 
Organic Amendment Restoration of Degraded Upland Landscapes in the Chestatee-...
Organic Amendment Restoration of Degraded Upland Landscapes in the Chestatee-...Organic Amendment Restoration of Degraded Upland Landscapes in the Chestatee-...
Organic Amendment Restoration of Degraded Upland Landscapes in the Chestatee-...
 
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering.ppt
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering.pptSoil and Water Conservation Engineering.ppt
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering.ppt
 

Mehr von Malla Reddy University

Unit 2 - Data Manipulation with R.pptx
Unit 2 - Data Manipulation with R.pptxUnit 2 - Data Manipulation with R.pptx
Unit 2 - Data Manipulation with R.pptxMalla Reddy University
 
Unit 1 - TypeScript & Introduction to Angular CLI.pptx
Unit 1 - TypeScript & Introduction to Angular CLI.pptxUnit 1 - TypeScript & Introduction to Angular CLI.pptx
Unit 1 - TypeScript & Introduction to Angular CLI.pptxMalla Reddy University
 
GIS - Project Planning and Implementation
GIS - Project Planning and ImplementationGIS - Project Planning and Implementation
GIS - Project Planning and ImplementationMalla Reddy University
 
Fluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic Pressure
Fluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic PressureFluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic Pressure
Fluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic PressureMalla Reddy University
 
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Pressure and its measurement
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Pressure and its measurementFluid Mechanics - Fluid Pressure and its measurement
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Pressure and its measurementMalla Reddy University
 

Mehr von Malla Reddy University (20)

Angular Directives
Angular DirectivesAngular Directives
Angular Directives
 
Unit 2 - Data Manipulation with R.pptx
Unit 2 - Data Manipulation with R.pptxUnit 2 - Data Manipulation with R.pptx
Unit 2 - Data Manipulation with R.pptx
 
Unit 1 - R Programming (Part 2).pptx
Unit 1 - R Programming (Part 2).pptxUnit 1 - R Programming (Part 2).pptx
Unit 1 - R Programming (Part 2).pptx
 
Unit 1 - Statistics (Part 1).pptx
Unit 1 - Statistics (Part 1).pptxUnit 1 - Statistics (Part 1).pptx
Unit 1 - Statistics (Part 1).pptx
 
Unit 2 - Data Binding.pptx
Unit 2 - Data Binding.pptxUnit 2 - Data Binding.pptx
Unit 2 - Data Binding.pptx
 
Unit 1 - TypeScript & Introduction to Angular CLI.pptx
Unit 1 - TypeScript & Introduction to Angular CLI.pptxUnit 1 - TypeScript & Introduction to Angular CLI.pptx
Unit 1 - TypeScript & Introduction to Angular CLI.pptx
 
GIS - Project Planning and Implementation
GIS - Project Planning and ImplementationGIS - Project Planning and Implementation
GIS - Project Planning and Implementation
 
Geo-spatial Analysis and Modelling
Geo-spatial Analysis and ModellingGeo-spatial Analysis and Modelling
Geo-spatial Analysis and Modelling
 
GIS - Topology
GIS - Topology GIS - Topology
GIS - Topology
 
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Geographical Information System (GIS)Geographical Information System (GIS)
Geographical Information System (GIS)
 
Introduction to Maps
Introduction to MapsIntroduction to Maps
Introduction to Maps
 
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Dynamics
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid DynamicsFluid Mechanics - Fluid Dynamics
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Dynamics
 
Fluid Kinematics
Fluid KinematicsFluid Kinematics
Fluid Kinematics
 
Fluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic Pressure
Fluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic PressureFluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic Pressure
Fluid Mechanics - Hydrostatic Pressure
 
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Pressure and its measurement
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Pressure and its measurementFluid Mechanics - Fluid Pressure and its measurement
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Pressure and its measurement
 
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Properties
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid PropertiesFluid Mechanics - Fluid Properties
Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Properties
 
Reciprocating Pump
Reciprocating PumpReciprocating Pump
Reciprocating Pump
 
E-waste Management
E-waste ManagementE-waste Management
E-waste Management
 
Biomedical Waste Management
Biomedical Waste ManagementBiomedical Waste Management
Biomedical Waste Management
 
Hazardous Waste Management
Hazardous Waste ManagementHazardous Waste Management
Hazardous Waste Management
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
 
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxUnit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxVishalSingh1417
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptxMaritesTamaniVerdade
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxVishalSingh1417
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSCeline George
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfPoh-Sun Goh
 
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxAreebaZafar22
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxVishalSingh1417
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxEsquimalt MFRC
 
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdfUGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdfNirmal Dwivedi
 
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...pradhanghanshyam7136
 
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdfFood safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdfSherif Taha
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.MaryamAhmad92
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdfQucHHunhnh
 
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701bronxfugly43
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxRamakrishna Reddy Bijjam
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.christianmathematics
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsTechSoup
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
 
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxUnit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
 
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdfUGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
 
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
 
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdfFood safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
 

Characteristics of Watershed

  • 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHED (WATERSHED MANAGEMENT) UNIT – II Rambabu Palaka, Assistant ProfessorBVRIT
  • 2. Learning Objectives 1. Climatic Characteristics Rainfall & its movement, Intensity, Duration, Temperature, Wind Velocity, Humidity, Transpiration, and Evaporation 2. Physiographic Characteristics Size, Shape, Slope, Drainage Density, Elevation, Land use, Vegetation Cover, Soil, Geology, Hydrology, Hydrogeology 3. Socio-economics Characteristics Statistics on people and their health, wants & wishes, Cattle and Farming Practices, People Participation
  • 3. Watershed Characteristics Each and every watershed has distinct characteristics of its own. No Two Watersheds are Identical 1. Climatic Characteristics 2. Physiographical Characteristics All the above characteristics affect the pattern of disposal of stream flow
  • 4. Micro-Watershed near Moosapet Village, Narsapur Mandal, Medak District, Telanagana State Case Study
  • 5.
  • 9. Climatic Characteristics  If the climatic condition is dry before the rainfall, loss of runoff is more due to infiltration and evapotranspiration. Climatic condition depends on Temperature, Wind Velocity, and Humidity Transpiration, Evaporation, and Evapotranspiration depends on Climatic Condition  The more the intensity of rainfall in the watershed, the more is the peak flow disposal from the area.  If the duration is less, time taken to dispose with lower peak flow is also less
  • 10.  If the rain moves downstream, the peak stream flow of watershed occurs quickly  If rain moves upstream, the peak flow occurs late
  • 11.
  • 12. Climatic Characteristics For the correct design of hydraulic structures like  Dams  Weirs  Barrage  Reservoirs  Spillways  Retaining walls  Embankments a peak flow assessment of run-off or flood should be accurately worked out
  • 13. Physiographic Characteristics Shape:  Watersheds differ in their shape based on morphometric parameters like geology and structure.  The shape of watershed has a dominant effect on the characteristics of the hydrograph of the watershed such as peak flow, overland flow, and base of hydrograph (run-off time).
  • 14.
  • 15. Physiographic Characteristics Size: The size of watershed is governed by the size of stream or river and the development and management works taken.  For minor irrigation project, size may be few hundred square kilometers  For Tank or Pond Irrigation, size is just few square kilometers  In Watershed management works in hilly or undulating topography, the size of watershed may be even much smaller . Measurement of precipitation as well as water retention, drainage from the watershed complex for a bigger size of watershed
  • 16. Influence of Basin Area on Runoff Volume
  • 17. Influence of Basin Size on Runoff
  • 18. Physiographic Characteristics Slope: It controls the rainfall distribution and movement, land utilization and watershed behavior. If slope is more,  the velocity is more, and hence flood water drains quickly  results in higher peak discharge  reduces infiltration  increases the soil transportation
  • 19. Influence of Basin Sloe of Runoff Gentle slope indicates lesser runoff and Steeper slope indicates higher runoff
  • 20. Physiographic Characteristics Drainage: The Stream Order, Drainage Pattern, and Drainage Density have a profound influence on watershed as to runoff, infiltration, land management etc.  It determines the flow characteristics and erosional behavior.  If drainage density is more, peak runoff is more.
  • 21.
  • 22. Stream Order (Strahler)  First and Second order streams generally form on steep slopes and flow quickly until they slow down and meet the next order waterway.  First to Third Order Streams generally found in upper reaches of watershed Streams that are classified through 4th to 6th are called as medium streams  If Stream order is larger than 6th is considered as river.
  • 24. Pattern Description Controlling influences Dendritic random, tree-like branching pattern flat-lying sedimentary rock, thick sediment, or homogeneous rock uninterrupted by fractures Trellis long (subsequent) streams follow strike valleys fed by short tributaries descending from adjacent obsequent and dip slopes developed in differentially eroded fold belts containing Lithology of varying strengths Radial tributaries radiate away from a central region central highland such as a volcano or eroding pluton surrounded by sedimentary rock Rectangular tributaries make right angle bends jointed or faulted bedrock Drainage Patterns
  • 25. Physiographic Characteristics Physiography: Type of land, its altitude and physical disposition immensely speak about a watershed as to the climate and planning the activities in greening.  Hilly tract could be useful mainly for Forestry  Plains of populated areas could be utilized for Crops
  • 26. Physiographic Characteristics Land Use: The land in watershed is used for numerous purposes such as  dwelling houses  cultivation  livestock  water harvesting  roads and railways Land use affects the run-off rates.
  • 27. Physiographic Characteristics Vegetation Cover:  Vegetation cover retard the flow and increases the infiltration and interception, there by reducing the peak flow.  Vegetation cover protects the soil erosion. Detailed information on vegetation helps in choosing type, mode and manner of greening the watershed
  • 28. Physiographic Characteristics Soil:  The soil such as sand absorbs a larger part of run-off water, so the rate of flow is less. Clay soil produces more flow as its absorption is less.  Soil parameters such as depth, nature, moisture and fertility determines crops.
  • 29. Physiographic Characteristics Geology: Rocks and their structure control formation of a watershed itself because their nature determines size, shape, physiography, drainage, and groundwater conditions.  Geological conditions affects the run-off of watershed. If there are some cracks in rocks joining surface water and groundwater, a part of water flows quickly underground.  Lakes, Storages, Swamp hold a part of excess rainfall
  • 30. Physiographic Characteristics Hydrology: The availability, quality and distribution of surface water is basic to the final goal of growing greenery in a watershed.  Hydrological parameters such as intensity and duration of rainfall help in quantification of water available in watershed.  If rainfall continues for longer period with low intensity, evaporation and percolation increases but run-off is less. Further it may cause landslide in sloping hillside areas.
  • 31. Physiographic Characteristics Hydrogeology: The groundwater demand for irrigation, farm plantation, drinking water , domestic use and industrial use is more as it is relatively less polluted and pure.  The information about aquifer such as nature, thickness and characteristics should be known for betting planning of watersheds.
  • 32. Socio-economic Characteristics A survey of people living in the watershed should be made regarding their  needs and wants,  economic conditions,  health & hygiene,  cattle,  farming practices and  participation in watershed management. Demographic profile, sociological stratification, attitude and behavior of community will affect the watershed management to a great extent.
  • 33. Benchmark Survey Benchmark Survey of a watershed is the survey of basic resources. It is essential for a master plan and future evaluation and monitoring of the watershed. The basic points considered in Benchmark Survey are as follows:  Physiography (Name, Elevation, Boundaries, Transportation etc.)  Climate (Temperature, Wind, Humidity etc.)  Soil (Type, Depth, Permeability etc.)  Hydrological Survey (Rainfall, Infiltration, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration)  Topographical Survey (Size, Slope, Shape etc.)  Land Use and Vegetation Survey  Socio-economic Survey
  • 34. Reference Watershed Management by Madan Mohan Das Mimi Das Saikia PHI Learning Private Limited