Microbial Cause of Anaemia by Dr. Rakesh

1. Anaemia
By Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
Associate Professor, Microbiology

2. Anaemia
Definition
• Is a decrease in the total amount of RBCs, Haemoglobin
and/or haematocrit value as compared to normal reference
range for age and sex.
• Anaemia is not a disease  is a condition caused by some
other problem.
Normal Range
Gender Haemoglobin Haematocrit
Male <13.0g/dl <41%
Female >12.0g/dl <36%

3. Classification on the basis of cause of Anaemia
Anaemia
Blood Loss
Acute
Increased
destruction of RBCs
Impaired production
of RBCs
Chronic
Iron deficiency
Aplastic
Chronic disease
Megaloblastic
Autoimmune
Enzyme deficiency
Membrane defects
Haemoglobinopathies

4. Classification of Anaemia on the basis of morphology or RBCs
Hemolytic
Normocytic
(Normal sized RBCs)
Acute blood
loss
Microcytic
(small sized RBCs)
Iron deficiency
Thalassemia
Chronic disease
Macrocytic
(Large sized RBCs)
Megaloblastic
Folate deficiency
Anaemia
Aplastic

5. Microbial Agents Causing Anaemia
Blood Loss
• Hookworm (gastrointestinal blood loss)
– Ancylostoma duodenale
– Nector americanus
• Trichuris trichiura
• Schistosoma haemotobium (urinary blood loss)

6. Microbial Agents Causing Anaemia
Impaired production of RBCs
• Parasites
– Leishmania donovani
– Diphyllobothrium latum (megaloblastic anaemia due to impaired
absorption of vitamin B12)
• Bacteria
– Mycobacterium tuberculosis
– Helicobacter pylori (due to impaired absorption of vitamin B12)

7. Microbial Agents Causing Anaemia
• Viruses
– Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
– Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
– Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
– Human Parvovirus B19
– Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
– Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

8. Microbial Agents Causing Anaemia
Increased destruction of RBCs
• Parasites
– Plasmodium species
– Babesia species
• Bacteria
– E. coli
– Clostridium perfringens
– Bartonella bacilliformis
– Rickettsia species
– Mycoplasma pneumoniae
•Viruses
Epstein-Barr Virus (infectious
mononucleosis)
Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

9. Thank You….

10. Anaemia