What are cognizable and non- cognizable offences? And try to find their relation with bailable and non- bailable offences.

2. COGNIZABLE AND
NON-COGNIZABLE OFFENCES
BLESSY B
VOLUNTEER OF APPLIED
FORENSIC RESEARCH SCIENCES

3. CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. COGNIZABLE OFFENCES
3. NON-COGNIZABLE OFFENCES

4. INTRODUCTION
* The word ‘offence’ is derived from the Latin word ‘offendere’, which means to strike again.
* Indian lawsare governed by three acts;
• Cr.P.C
• IPC
• IEA
* There are two definitions for the offence under Criminal law;
1. Under Criminal procedure code section (2), it is stated that any act or omission made punishable by any
law for the time being in force and includes any act in respect of which a complaint may be made under
section 20 of the cattle-tresspass Act, 1871.

5. 2. Under Indian Penal Code section (40), it is stated that offence denotes a thing made punishable by
this code.
*The Criminal Procedure Code classifies offences in to two; Cognizable and non- cognizable offences.
*The Indian Penal Code classifies offences based on the magnitude of punishment in to two; they are
bailable and non-bailable offence.

6. COGNIZABLE OFFENCES
• Cognizable offence has been defined under section 2 (c) of Cr.P.C, as an offence/case in which a
Police officer can arrest without a warrant.
• These offences are more serious in nature.
• If a police personnel gets information about the commission of a cognizable offence, he must first
register the case to start investigation.
• The police officer in charge can investigate without any prior order from the court.
• The examples of cognizable offences are ;
* Murder
* Rape

7. *Kidnapping
*Dowry death
*Theft
*Culpable homicide
*Waging war
*Unnatural offences.
• Such offences are punishable with imprisonment for three years or more.
• It is a non-bailable offence.

8. NON-COGNIZABLE OFFENCES
• Non-cognizable offence is defined under section 2(I)of Criminal Procedure Code 1973.
• The police personnels cannot arrest without warrant.
• Also,they cannot start the investigation without the permission of the court.
• These crimes are not so henious.
• Examples of non-cognizable offences are
*Cheating
*Defamation
*Assault
• It is a bailable offence.

9. • Punishment is imprisonment less than three years.
• In case of non-cognizable offence, one can only make complaint to the Magistrate.

10. THANKYOU