Basic Information on Android development to start with...This presentation covers What is Android, Its development process and Build Process which an Android Beginner should have know
2. Agenda
Why Mobile App Development?
Different Operating Systems
Android Devices in the market
Android History
Android Versions
What is Android?
Android Platform
Open Handset Alliance
Open Handset Members
Android Architecture
Android Development Process
Android Build Process
3. Why Mobile App Development?
Mobile platform is the platform of the future
Double-digit growth in world-wide smart phone ownership
Job market is hot
Market for mobile software rises day by day
4. Different Operating Systems
Symbian – Nokia – Microsoft
BlackBerry – Research In Motion (RIM)
iOS (known as iPhone OS) – Apple
WebOS – Hewlett Packard (HP)
Bada – Samsung
Windows Mobile - Microsoft
5. Android Devices in the market
Smart Phones
Tablets
E-Reader Devices
NetBooks
MP4 Players
Internet TVs
6. Android History
Android Inc.founded in Palo Alto,california ,united
states in October 2003 by Andy Rubin.
It was developed by Google and later the Open
Handset Alliance (OHA).
8. Version Code name Release date API level
Android 1.0 Apple pie 2008 1
Android 1.1 Banana bread February 9, 2009 2
Android 1.5 Cupcake April 30, 2009 3
Android 1.6 Donut Sept 15, 2009 4
Android 2.0/2.1 Eclair Oct 26, 2009 7
Android 2.2 Froyo May 20, 2010 8
Android 2.3.3–2.3.7 Gingerbread February 9, 2011 10
Android 3.0-3.2.6 Honeycomb February 22, 2011 13
Android 4.0.3–4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich December 16, 2011 15
Android 4.1.x Jelly Bean July 9, 2012 16
Android 4.2.x Jelly Bean November 13, 2012 17
Android 4.3 Jelly Bean July 24, 2013 18
Android 4.4 KitKat October 31, 2013 19
Android 5.0 Lollipop October 17, 2014 20
9.
10. What is Android?
It is a open source software platform and operating system
for mobile devices
Android is a software environment built for mobile devices
It is based on the Linux kernel
Developed by Google and later Open Handset Alliance
(OHA)
Android application are built in Java language
Android has its own virtual machine called DVM(Dalvik
Virtual Machine),which is used for executing the android
application
11. Android platform is
Complete:
The android application development began with secure
operating system and robust framework for rich
application development
Open:
The platform is provided through open source licensing,
also we have access to handset features while
developing applications
Free:
Android applications are free to develop, as Andriod SDK,
ADT, etc required plugins are free
12. What is Open Handset Alliance?
Open Handset Alliance is a consortium of
47 hardware, software, and telecom companies devoted to
advancing open standards for mobile devices.
i.e. to deliver the consumer a richer, less expensive and better
mobile experience.
OHA’s aim is to Develop technologies that will significantly
lower the cost of developing and distributing mobile devices
and services.
14. Android Architecture
Before starting with Android Architecture
Why we are using Linux?
Because Linux kernel is proven core platform
It is reliable
It provides security
Hardware drivers
Process management
Memory management
Power management
15. Android Architecture
Four main Layers of Android architecture are
1. Applications
2. Application Framework
3. Libraries and Android Runtime
4. Linux Kernel
16. • Linux 2.6 Kernel
• Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) between
hardware and android software stack
• Provides memory management/ Process
management/ Power management
• It provides security
• Different Driver software's to manage Display,
Camera, Wi-Fi, etc…
• IPC – Inter Process Communication
17. • Android Libraries are develped in C/C++
• We cannot access these libraries directly, to access these
libraries we need application framework
Surface Manager – used for display management
Open GL/ES(Open Graphics Library/Extended system)
and SGL(Scalable Graphics Library) – used for 2D/3D
Graphics mainly for game development
Media Framework – (PacketVideo)Audio/Video codes(mp3, mpg4)
18. FreeType – Font rendering
SSL(Secured Socket Layer) – to have secure internet
connection
SQLite – Datastore i.e. Database
WebKit – Browser Engine to display webpages
libc – System C libraries
19. Core Libraries – It is written in Java language. It contains all of
the collection classes, utilities, IO.
Dalvik Virtual Machine(DVM)
• Register based Virtual Machine
• Optimized for Low memory requirements, limited
battery and limited CPU
• Designed to allow multiple VM instances to run at once
• Every program runs in its own VM instance
• Operates on DEX files
• Android byte codes are interpreted at runtime by DVM
20. • This is written in Java language and using Application
Framework we develop our Android applications.
Activity Manager – launcher, building block of
application, whatever is displayed on the screen
Window manager – It is use to create views and layouts.
Content Providers – used to share data of one application
to another. e.g. contacts, call log details
Notification manger – whenever you get emails, sms,
missed call we get notification i.e. alerts
View System – Button, textbox, checkbox, etc whatever
we see is nothing but View system
21. Resource Manager – We use View, images, audio/video
files, xml files, layout files all these additional things
we are using are handled by Resource Manger
Location Manger – It helps user to trace through
geographical location
Package Manager – It is use to retrieve the data about
installed packages on device.
Telephony manager – It is use to handle settings of
network connection and all information about
services on device.
22. • Top most layer of android architecture
• By default some applications are already available
like calculator, some browser, contacts that is
what application layer
23. Development process of an Android app
Android apps are built using Java and Android SDK
libraries
The Java code is compiled into Dalvik byte code i.e. .dex
The Dalvik Virtual Machine runs the .dex files
26. Android application Build Process
Android application are built in Java so first of all we
have Application Source Code that is our own Java
programs
If written in other language then using aidl(android
interface definition language) tools, will generate Java
interfaces
We have images, audio/video files, xml files all these
resources in our android application, which are
converted into the file called R.java
Who created this R.java then it is aapt (android asset
packing tool)
All these Java programs are given to Java compiler
Java compiler will create .class files
28. Android application Build Process
These .class files are given to dex(delvik executable tool)
tools
Some other additional class files like Google map class
files are i.e. 3rd
Party Libraries and Class Files are also
given to Dex tool
Now this Dex tool will create a single dex file.
This dex file along with the compiled resources from AAPT
and other additional resources is given to APK Builder
This APK Builder creates our android application i.e. .apk
file
