Quality Assurance /
Software Testing Training
Selenium WebDriver

Classification: Restricted
Agenda
• Selenium Components
• Introduction to Web Driver
• Downloading and Configuring Web Driver with Eclipse
• Web Driver Methods
• Web Driver Locators
• Interacting with different UI elements
• Synchronization, Alert and multiple window
• Dynamic Menus
• Cookie Management
• Launching different web browsers
• Introduction to Test NG

1. Selenium Components
Older version
Supports
multiple
browsers
New version
Supports
multiple
browsers
Record Run
tool with UI.
Works only on
Mozilla
Runs parallel test
cases on multiple
machines and
browsers

How to install AUT(Orange HRM):
• https://www.orangehrm.com/OrangeHRM_Installation
1. Download ampstack for windows
2. Even if its 32 or 64 bit machine use the download win32 itself
3. 2. https://bitnami.com/stack/orangehrm
4. click on local install
5. bitnami-orangehrm-3.3.2-3-windows

2. Introduction to Web Driver
• Web Automation framework that allows you to execute tests against
multiple browser
• Main interface for testing
• Creates robust, browser based regression automation suites and tests
• WebDriver has a compact Object Oriented API
• WebDriver overcomes the limitation of Selenium RC
• Provides language support like – Java, C#, Python, Perl, PHP, Ruby

Selenium IDE Selenium RC Selenium WebDriver
Browser: Firefox Browser: IE, Chrome,
Firefox etc
Browser: IE, Chrome,
Firefox et
Record & Playback No record & playback No record & playback
Server start not needed Server start needed Server start not needed
GUI plug in Java Program Core API
Simple to use Easy & small API Complex & large API
Not object oriented Less Object Oriented Entirely Object
Oriented
Doesn’’t support
moving of mouse cursor
Doesn’’t support
moving of mouse cursor
Supports moving of
mouse cursor

3. Pre – Requisites to Download
• Java
• Browsers
• IDE – Eclipse or others
• Jar files
For downloading and configuring Selenium Web driver
Refer to the doc

4. Web Driver Methods
• close ()
• findElement()
• findElements()
• get()
• getCurrentURL()
• getPageSource()
• getTitle()
• getWindowHandle()
• getWindowHandles()
• manage()
• navigate()
• switchTo()

5. Web Driver Locators
• className
• cssSelector
• Id
• linkText
• Name
• partialLinkText
• tagName
• xPath

Introduction to Firebug
• The most popular and powerful web development tool
• Inspect HTML and modify style and layout in real time
• Use the most advanced JavaScript debugger available for any browser
• Get the information you need to get it done with firebug
• Download and install firebug from Add-ons in Mozilla Firefox

Introduction to Firepath
• Firepath is a firebug extension that adds a development tool to edit, inspect
and generate Xpath.
• Download and install fire path

Challenge 1: Validating message “Invalid Credentials”
• Test Case Steps:
1. Launch the URL for AUT in Firefox
2. Type “admin” in Username text box
3. Type “admin” in Password text box
4. Click on “login” button
• Expected Result
-- Application should display message as “Invalid Credentials”

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class Challenge1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8080/orangehrm/symfony/web/index.php/aut
h/login");
driver.findElement(By.id("txtUsername")).sendKeys(("admin"));
driver.findElement(By.id("txtPassword")).sendKeys(("admin"));
driver.findElement(By.id("btnLogin")).click();
}
}

Challenge 2: Validating message “Invalid Credentials”
• Assignment
--Create new java class : LocateById
-- Modify the above script to click on LOGIN button and fetch the error
message and display the same on console
-- Maximize the browser window before visiting the URL
-- Close the browser window after displaying error message on console
--HINT – use ID as locator for all web elements

public class LocateById{
driver.manage().window().maximize();
h/login");
driver.findElement(By.id("txtPassword")).sendKeys(("admin"));
System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.id("spanMessage")).getText());
driver.close();
}
}

Challenge 3: Locating By Name
• Assignment :
-- Create new java class: LocateByName
-- Create code for Invalid Login Test Case using Name as Locator for all
applicable WebElements
HINT – use Name as locator for all web elements

public class LocateByName {
h/login");
driver.findElement(By.name("txtUsername")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.name("txtPassword")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.name("Submit")).click();
System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.id("spanMessage")));
driver.close();
}

Challenge 4: Clicking on a link on a web page
• Test case Steps:
1. Login to Orange HRM
2. Click on Directory link
• Expected Result
-- Directory panel should get displayed
• HINT – use LinkText as locator for clicking link

public class LocateByLinkText {
driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8080/orangehrm/symfony/web/index.php/auth/login")
;
driver.findElement(By.id("txtPassword")).sendKeys(("seedadmin"));
//driver.findElement(By.id("menu_directory_viewDirectory")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Directory")).click();
driver.close();
}
}

Challenge 5: Clicking on a link on a web page
1. Login to Orange HRM
2. Click on Directory link
• Expected Result
-- Directory panel should get displayed
• HINT – use PartialLinkText as locator for clicking link

public class LocateByPartialLinkText {
h/login");
driver.findElement(By.id("txtPassword")).sendKeys(("seedadmin"));
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Dir")).click();
driver.close();
}
}

Challenge 6: Validating Message “Username cannot be empty”
• Test Case steps
1. Launch Orange HRM
2. Click on Login button
• Expected Result
-- Application should display message as “Username cannot be empty”

public class LocateByClass {
h/login");
driver.findElement(By.className("button")).click();
String msg= driver.findElement(By.id("spanMessage")).getText();
System.out.println("Message is" + msg);
driver.close();
}
}

Difference between findElement & findElements
• findElement() findElements()
-Find the first web element - Find all the elements
Using the given method within the current page
using the given
mechanism
- Returns Web Element - Returns List

Challenge 7: Displaying default text in Login text boxes
• Test Case steps
• Expected Result
-- Default text in Username text box should be Username
-- Default text in Password text box should be Password

import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
public class LocateByTagName {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8080/orangehrm/symfony/web/index.php/auth/login");
List<WebElement> allspans = driver.findElements(By.tagName("span"));
System.out.println("No: of span tags" +allspans.size());
/* for(int i =0; i < allspans.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Default text:"+allspans.get(i).getText());
} */
for (WebElement we : allspans){
System.out.println(we.getText());
}
driver.close();
}
}

Challenge 8: Validating message “Password can not be empty
• Test Case steps
2. Type “admin” in the username text box
• Expected Result
-- Application should display message as “Password cannot be empty”

CSS Selector
• Using single attribute
-- syntax: tagname[attribute=‘value’]
• Using multiple attribute
--syntax: tagname[attribute=‘value’] [attribute=‘value’]
• Special symbols
- . (Dot) for class
- Syntax: tagname.class
- # for name
- Syntax: tagname#id

• Test Case steps
• Expected Result
-- Application should display message as “Password cannot be empty
Hint: use By cssSelector: Single Attribute

public class LocateByCss {
driver.findElement(By.id("txtUsername")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[value='LOGIN']")).click();
String msg = driver.findElement(By.id("spanMessage")).getText();
System.out.println("Message is " +msg);
driver.close();
}
}

• Test Case steps
• Expected Result
-- Application should display message as “Password cannot be empty
Hint: use By cssSelector: Multiple Attributes

public class LocateByCss {
;
driver.findElement(By.id("txtUsername")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[class=‘button’’][value='LOGIN']")).click();
String msg = driver.findElement(By.id("spanMessage")).getText();
System.out.println("Message is " +msg);
driver.close();
}
}

XPath
• What is Xpath?
• The XML path language , is a query language for selecting nodes from an
XML document
• Types of Xpath:
1. Absolute : Always starts with html
2. Relative : Always starts with //
Syntax: //tagname[@attribute=‘value’]

Challenge 11: Validating message “Welcome Admin”
1. Launch the application
2. Login to Orange HRM application
• Expected Result:
- Application should display message as “Welcome Admin”
- Hint: use Absolute Xpath

Solution: Validating Message: “Welcome Admin” By Xpath Absolute
public class AbsolutePath {
;//absolute xpath
driver.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div/div/div/form/div[2]/input")).sendKeys(
"admin");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div/div/div/form/div[3]/input")).sendKeys(
"seedadmin");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div/div/div/form/div[5]/input")).click();
System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div/div/a[2]")).getText(
));
}
}

Challenge 12: Validating message “Welcome Admin”
• Expected Result:
- Application should display message as “Welcome Admin”
- Hint: use Relative Xpath

Solution: Validating Message: “Welcome Admin” By Xpath Relative
public class RelativePath {
/*driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='txtUsername']")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='txtPassword']")).sendKeys("seedadmin");
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='btnLogin']")).click();*/
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='txtUsername']")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='txtPassword']")).sendKeys("seedadmin")
;
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='btnLogin']")).click();
String msg = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='welcome']")).getText();
//String msg = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='welcome']")).getText();
System.out.println("Message is:" +msg);
}
}

Web Element Methods
• isDisplayed() : is this element displayed or not? This method avoids the
problem of having to parse an elements “style” attribute.
• isEnabled() : is the element currently enabled or not? This will generally
return true for everything but disabled input elements
• isSelected(): determine whether or not this element is selected or not
• All the above methods returns boolean

Challenge 13: Add Employee with Create Login details
• Test Case steps:
3. Click on PIM  Add Employee
4. Select create login details option
• Expected result:
Create login details option should get selected

public class InteractWithChkBox {
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='txtPassword']")).sendKeys("seedadmin");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("PIM")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Add Employee")).click();
WebElement cb = driver.findElement(By.id("chkLogin"));
//if there is a chkbox with this id and if its displayed and enabled but not selected then click
if (cb.isDisplayed()){
if(cb.isEnabled()){
if(cb.isSelected()==false) {
cb.click();
}}
}driver.close();

Challenge 14: Employee’s Gender
• Test Case steps:
3. Click on PIM  Add Employee
4. Click on any employee
• Expected result:
- Under personal details Gender should be present as Male and Female
- Both options should be disabled before clicking on Edit button
- Both options should become enabled after clicking on Edit button

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class InteractWithRadio {
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Employee List")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Charu Anil")).click();
//construct the absolute path from the code
}

List<WebElement> genderLabel = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//ul[@class='radio_list']/li/label"));
for(WebElement we:genderLabel){
System.out.println(we.getText());
}
List<WebElement> gender= driver.findElements(By.xpath("//ul[@class='radio_list']/li/input"));
System.out.println("Status before clicking on Edit Button");
for(WebElement we:gender){
System.out.println(we.isEnabled());
}
driver.findElement(By.id("btnSave")).click();
System.out.println("Status after clicking on Save Button");
for(WebElement we:gender) {
System.out.println(we.isEnabled());
}
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Welcome")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Logout")).click();
driver.close();
}

Challenge 15: Country List
• Test Case steps
2. Login to orange HRM
3. Click on PIMEmployee list
4. Click on any Employee
5. Click on edit button
6. Select indian as a nationality
• Expected Result
- Default Selected option should be –Select—
- The Nationality drop down should have 100 countries listed
- India should get selected as a nationality

Select Class
• Models SELECT tag providing helper methods to select and deselect options
• Parameterized Constructor
• Methods:
- getFirstSelectedOption() : returns first selected option in this Select tag
- selectByIndex(): Select the option at given index
- selectByValue(): Select all options that have a value matching the argument
- selectByVisibleText(): Select all options that display test matching the
argument
- getOptions(): returns all options belonging to this select tag

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
public class InteractWithDropDown {
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Charu Anil")).click();
//click on the edit button first to activate it
driver.findElement(By.id("btnSave")).click();
}

WebElement cmbNation = driver.findElement(By.id("personal_cmbNation"));
Select nationality = new Select(cmbNation);
System.out.println("Default Selection:" + nationality.getFirstSelectedOption().getText());
//Get all count of nationality
List<WebElement> nationalities = nationality.getOptions();
System.out.println("Total no: of Nationalities:" + nationalities.size());
//List all nationality
int i = 1;
for (WebElement we: nationalities) {
System.out.println(i+"."+we.getText());
i++;
}//Select India as Nationality by 3 methods
//select byindex
/*nationality.selectByIndex(82);
System.out.println("New Selection Made by index method:"+nationality.getFirstSelectedOption().getText()); */
//select byvisible text
/*nationality.selectByVisibleText("Indian");
System.out.println("New Selection Made by visible text method:"+nationality.getFirstSelectedOption().getText());
*/
nationality.selectByValue("82");
System.out.println("New Selection Made by value method:" +nationality.getFirstSelectedOption().getText());
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Welcome")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Logout")).click();
driver.close();
}

Challenge 16: Handling Table
• Test Case Steps
3. Click on PIM Employee list
• Expected Result
- In Employee table eight columns should be present
- Last seven columns should be (Id, first Name , last name, job title,
Employment status, Sub unit, supervisor
- In employee table on single page maximum 10 records should be
present

public class InteractWithTable {

//Check eight columns are present
List<WebElement> tblcolumn =
driver.findElements(By.xpath(".//*[@id='resultTable']/thead/tr/th"));
System.out.println("Table size:" + tblcolumn.size());
//Check for last seven columns
List<WebElement> lastseven =
driver.findElements(By.xpath(".//*[@class='header']"));
System.out.println("Total column" + lastseven.size());
//Table should have maximum number of 10 records
List<WebElement> records =
driver.findElements(By.xpath(".//*[@id='resultTable']/tbody/tr"));
if (records.size() <10) {
System.out.println("Total records within range");
}else {
System.out.println("Total records are out of range");
}
}
}

Challenge 17: Handling Screen Shots
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
public class GetScreenShot {
//Taking a Pic of the webpage
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
driver.get("https://mail.rediff.com/cgi-bin/login.cgi");
TakesScreenshot ts = (TakesScreenshot)driver;
File src = ts.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(src, new File("E:venki-
backupSeleniumSeed_SelExSeleniumExScreenShotsrediff.png"));
System.out.println("Screen shot taken");
driver.close();
}
}

Challenge 18: Handling Java Script Alerts
• To handle alert window in Selenium Web driver we have predefined
Interface known as Alert .
• 1- accept()- Will click on the ok button when an alert comes.
• 2- dismiss()- Will click on cancel button when an alert comes
Test Case Steps:
Step 1-Open Firefox and open rediff mail website.
Step 2- Enter username and Click on Go button.
Step 3- Capture the Alert text.
Step 4- Click on the OK button.

driver.get("https://mail.rediff.com/cgi-bin/login.cgi");
driver.findElement(By.id("login1")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.name("proceed")).click();
//Switch to alert window and capture the text and print
String alertmsg = driver.switchTo().alert().getText();
System.out.println("Alert message displayed is" + alertmsg);
//Click the ok button inside the alert box
driver.switchTo().alert().accept();
//Click the cancel button inside the alert box
//driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss();
driver.close();
}

Challenge 19: Cookie Management
• WebDriver options():
- addCookie()
- deleteAllCookies()
- deleteCookieNamed()
- getCookieNamed()
- getCookies()
• Cookie Class:
- getDomain()
- getExpiry()
- getName()
- getPath()
- getValue()

import java.util.Set;
import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
public class GetCookie {
String url =“ http://flipkart.com/”;
driver.navigate().to(url);
//Adding a new cookie
Cookie name = new Cookie(“mycookie”, “123457”);
driver.manage().addCookie(name);
//Getting all the cookie
Set<Cookie> cookiesList = driver.manage().getCookies();
for(Cookie getcookies : cookiesList) {
System.out.println(getcookies);
}
//delete the added cookie
System.out.println(“deleting cookie…”);
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(“mycookie”);
Set<cookie> newcookiesList = driver.manage().getCookies();
for(Cookie getcookies: newcookiesList) {
System.out.println(getcookies);
}
driver.quit();
} }

Launching in Different Browsers
• In Internet Explorer
• In Google Chrome

Challenge 20: Launch IE
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
public class LaunchingIE {
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver","C:AdvancedSeleniumSo
ftwaresIEDriverServer.exe");
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8080/orangehrm/symfony/web/index.p
hp/auth/login");
}
}

Challenge 21: Launch Google Chrome
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class LaunchingChrome {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:AdvancedSeleni
umSoftwareschromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8080/orangehrm/symfony/web/index.p
hp/auth/login");
}
}

Challenge 22: Create test case using Mozila firefox, IE, Chrome
• Test case Steps
1. Launch the application “google”
2. Using 3 different browsers -- firefox – IE -- chrome
3. Get the page title from all the browsers.

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
public class LaunchBrowsers_for {
public static WebDriver driver;
public static int browser;
public static String browsername;
for (browser=1; browser<=3; browser++) {
if(browser == 1) {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
browsername = "Mozila Firefox Browser";
}
else if (browser ==2) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "E:venki-
backupSeleniumSoftwareIEDriverServer.exe");
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
browsername = "Internet Explorer Browser";
}

else if(browser ==3) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "E:venki-
backupSeleniumSoftwarechromedriver.exe");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
browsername = "Chrome Browser";
}
driver.get("https://www.google.com");
String pgtitle = driver.getTitle();
if(pgtitle.equals("Google")) {
System.out.println(browsername + "_Google launch passed");
}
else {
System.out.println(browsername + "_Google launch failed");
}
driver.close();
}
}
}

TestNG Framework
• TestNG is an advance framework designed in a way to leverage the
benefits by both the developers and testers.
• TestNG was created by an acclaimed programmer named as “Cedric Beust”.
• TestNG with WebDriver gives efficient and effective test result format to
generate test reports.
• TestNG has an inbuilt exception handling mechanism which lets the
program to run without terminating unexpectedly.

Features of TestNG
• Support for annotations
• Support for Data Driven Testing using Dataproviders
• Enables user to set execution priorities for the test methods
• Supports threat safe environment when executing multiple threads
• Readily supports integration with various tools and plug-ins like build tools
(Ant, Maven etc.), Integrated Development Environment (Eclipse).
• Facilitates user with effective means of Report Generation using ReportNG

Annotations
• @Test: annotated method is part of test case
• @BeforeTest: annotated method will run before any test method belonging
to classes inside the tag is run
• @AfterTest: annotated method will run after all the test methods
belonging to classes inside the tag is run
• @BeforeMethod: annotated method will run before each test method
• @AfterMethod: annotated method will run after each test method
• @BeforeSuite: annoatated method will run before all tests in this suite
have run
• @AfterSuite: annotated method will run after all tests in this suite have run

Generating Report using TestNG
• TestCase Steps:
1. Launch the applicaton http://newtours.demoaut.com
2. Goto home page verify its page title
3. Close the application

Import org.testng.Assert;
Import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
Import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
Import org.testng.annotations.Test;
Import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
Import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest;
Public class TestNG1 {
public String baseurl = http://newtours.demoaut.com;
public WebDriver driver;
@BeforeTest
Public void setBaseurl( ) {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get(baseurl);
}
@Test
Public void verifyTitle() {
String expectedtitle = “Welcome Mercury Tours”;
String actualtitle = driver.getTitle();
Assert.assertEquals(actualtitle , expectedtitle);
}
@AfterTest
Public void endSession() {
driver.close();
}
}

Thank You

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