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RAHUL PAL

My first book published at Amazon as ebook for m pharm students.

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Objectives: The ongoing research aims to enhance the development of LNH-loaded nanogel by utilizing DoE as the computational method to statistically validate their formulation. Methodology: In this research Chitosan used as a natural polymer and Poly (Ethylene glycol) [PEG] as a penetration or permeation enhancer. The different nanogel of LNH were synthesized using the Nanoprecipitation and Dispersion method, with variations in the drug-polymer ratio (1/0.03, 1/0.08, 1/0.12). The process parameters were carefully optimizing for enhance the efficiency of the synthesis. To achieve this, optimization studies were conducted using 3² FFD, employing the Design Expert Software Trial version 10.0.7. The total of 13 runs were generated to ensure comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the procedure. The selected independent variables included the concentration of Chitosan (R1) and Carbopol 934 (R2). The dependent variables, on the other hand, were particle size (P1), Polydispersity Index (P2), and % Drug release (P3), chosen in that order. By employing this optimization technique, one can acquire valuable information in a manner that is both efficient and cost-effective. This approach facilitates a deeper comprehension of the relationship between controllable independent variables and the performance and quality of the Nanogels being produced.

The Utilization of 32 Full Factorial Design (FFD) for Optimization of Linco...

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Partition coefficient, often denoted as P or P_oct, is a measure of how a solute distributes between two immiscible (unmixable) solvents. It is commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology to understand the distribution of a compound between different phases, such as between a hydrophobic organic solvent and water. In experimental settings, the partition coefficient is determined by measuring the concentrations of the solute in each phase. The values obtained provide insights into the solute's behavior and can guide decisions in various scientific and industrial processes.

Determination of Partition coefficient of Known and Unknown drug.pdf

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A pharmaceutical suspension is a heterogeneous system in which finely divided solid particles are dispersed in a liquid medium. Unlike solutions, where solutes are completely dissolved, suspensions involve particles that are only partially soluble or insoluble in the liquid. These suspensions are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to deliver medications that may be poorly soluble or unstable in their pure form. The solid particles, often in the form of powders or crystals, are dispersed throughout the liquid phase, creating a stable mixture through the use of suspending agents or stabilizers. These agents prevent the settling of particles, ensuring uniform distribution and ease of redispersion upon shaking before administration. Pharmaceutical suspensions offer advantages in terms of flexibility in dosing and formulation, enabling the delivery of therapeutic agents in various forms such as oral liquids, injectables, or topical preparations, enhancing patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy. The formulation and stability of pharmaceutical suspensions require careful consideration of factors such as particle size, density, and the choice of stabilizers to maintain a consistent and reliable product.

Pharmaceutical Suspension.ppt

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Suppositories and pessaries are both types of medication delivery systems that are designed to be inserted into body orifices for therapeutic purposes. While they serve similar functions, they are used in different parts of the body. Suppositories: Usage: Suppositories are typically designed for rectal or vaginal administration. Composition: They are solid, bullet-shaped or cone-shaped dosage forms that contain medication in a base that melts or dissolves at body temperature. Rectal Suppositories: Commonly used for medications that need to bypass the digestive system or when a patient cannot take medications orally. They are inserted into the rectum. Vaginal Suppositories: Often used for localized treatment of gynecological conditions, such as yeast infections or hormonal therapy. They are inserted into the vagina. Pessaries: Usage: Pessaries are specifically designed for vaginal administration. Composition: They are solid, oval-shaped or ring-shaped devices made of various materials such as silicone, rubber, or plastic. Indications: Pessaries are mainly used to support the uterus, bladder, or rectum in cases of pelvic organ prolapse. However, they can also be used for the controlled release of medication into the vagina for the treatment of local conditions. Maintenance: Pessaries need to be fitted by a healthcare professional and should be cleaned and reinserted regularly.

PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPOSITORIES & PESSARIES.ppt

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Partition coefficients are a fascinating and important concept in many fields, from chemistry and environmental science to medicine and pharmacology. They tell us about how a substance will distribute itself between two immiscible phases, like how a drug might move between your blood and tissues, or how a pollutant might spread through soil and water. A partition coefficient, denoted as P or log P, describes the ratio of the concentration of a compound in one phase (usually organic) to its concentration in another phase (often water) at equilibrium. Higher values of P indicate a greater preference for the organic phase, meaning the compound is more lipophilic (fat-loving). Lower values of P suggest a higher affinity for the aqueous phase, implying the compound is more hydrophilic (water-loving).

Partition Coefficient Determination (Pharmaceutics Practical).pptx

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Research Methodology_UNIT_V_Declaration of Helsinki M. Pharm (IIIrd Sem.)

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The objective of the current studies to enhance the formulation of DS-loaded liposomes through the utilization of Response surface methodology (RSM) and involving the computation approach for their validation. Investigational outcome represents the perceived responses were in related with the desired values and this represents the relationship of the RSM for optimization of % DR and % EE in DS loaded liposomal preparations.

The Utilization of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) In the Optimization of ...

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Research Methodology (M. Pharm, IIIrd Sem.)_UNIT_IV_CPCSEA Guidelines for Lab...

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Medical research in clinical settings is the study of human health and disease in people. It is the primary way that researchers determine if a new form of treatment or prevention, such as a new drug, diet, or medical device, is safe and effective in people. A clinical trial is designed to learn if a new treatment is more effective or has less harmful side effects than existing treatments. Clinical trail is basically have 4 phases: Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, Phase IV

MEDICAL RESEARCH: UNIT_III_ EUTHANASIA, COI, CONFIDENTIALITY RESEARCH METHODO...

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Biostatistics: Definition, application, sample size, importance of sample size, factors influencing sample size, dropouts, statistical tests of significance, type of significance tests, parametric tests(students “t” test, ANOVA, Correlation coefficient, regression), non-parametric tests (wilcoxan rank tests, analysis of variance, correlation, chi square test), null hypothesis, P values, degree of freedom, interpretation of P values.

Biostatistics_Unit_II_Research Methodology & Biostatistics_M. Pharm (Pharmace...

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Research Methodology and Biostatistics syllabus: Medical Research: History, values in medical ethics, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, double effect, conflicts between autonomy. Medical research has a long and varied history. It has evolved from rudimentary practices to sophisticated, evidence-based methodologies. Some key milestones include the development of the scientific method, the use of randomized controlled trials, the discovery of antibiotics, and the mapping of the human genome. Ethical concerns have also played a significant role in shaping the history of medical research, especially in response to various ethical violations, such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the Nuremberg Trials. Resolving conflicts between these principles often requires careful consideration, ethical analysis, and, in some cases, consultation with ethics committees or boards. The specific course of action may vary based on the individual circumstances and ethical frameworks employed by healthcare professionals and researchers. Ethical guidelines and regulations also play a significant role in addressing and preventing these conflicts in medical research.

(I) MEDICAL RESEARCH_ UNIT_III_RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & BIOSTATISTICS.pptx

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Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer drug, but it is also associated with significant side effects, such as cardiotoxicity. Liposomal encapsulation of DOX can help to reduce these side effects and improve the drug's efficacy. There are a number of different factors that can affect the optimization and formulation of DOX-loaded liposomes, including: Lipid composition: The type and ratio of lipids used to form the liposomes can affect their size, stability, and drug encapsulation efficiency. Some commonly used lipids for DOX liposomes include hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC), cholesterol, and distearoylphosphatidylglycerol (DSPG). Drug loading method: There are a number of different methods for loading DOX into liposomes. Some common methods include the ammonium sulfate gradient method, the remote loading method, and the ethanol injection method. The choice of loading method can affect the drug encapsulation efficiency and stability of the liposomes. Liposome size: The size of the liposomes can affect their circulation time in the body and their ability to target specific tissues. Smaller liposomes tend to have a longer circulation time and are better able to penetrate tumors. Surface modification: Liposomes can be surface-modified with various ligands to improve their targeting and delivery properties. For example, liposomes can be conjugated with antibodies to target specific cancer cells. The optimization of DOX-loaded liposomes is typically carried out using a quality by design (QbD) approach. QbD is a systematic approach to drug development that focuses on identifying and controlling the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the drug product. The CQAs of DOX-loaded liposomes may include particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency, stability, and in vitro and in vivo performance.

Research Article Published: "Optimization and formulation of dox loaded lipos...

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Nucleic acid-based therapeutics (NATs) are a promising new class of drugs that have the potential to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer, genetic disorders, and infectious diseases. NATs work by directly targeting the genetic material of cells, either to alter gene expression or to repair damaged DNA or RNA. However, delivering NATs to cells can be challenging. Nucleic acids are large and fragile molecules, and they can be easily degraded by enzymes in the body. Additionally, NATs need to be able to cross the cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm in order to function. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics delivery is a rapidly evolving field, and new delivery systems are being developed all the time. As delivery systems improve, NATs are becoming more and more viable as treatments for a wide range of diseases.

Nucleic Acid Based Therapeutics Delivery.pdf

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Prof. Mahadeva Lal Schroff is regarded as India's founder of pharmacy. He attained this distinction as a result of his accomplishments, which included steering India's pharmaceutical sector and educational system in the proper direction.1 The history of pharmacy profession or practice in India starts with opening of chemist shop in 1811 by Scotch M Bathgate opened in Kolkata. This was probably the beginning of pharmacy practice in India. The world's oldest known prescriptions were recorded on a clay tablet in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), ca. 2400 BC. This Sumerian cuneiform document describes methods for making poultices, salves and washes.

Introduction to Pharmacy.pptx

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Gas Chromatography in Analytical Analysis.pptx

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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are proteins produced by a single type of B cell. They are identical to each other and recognize a specific antigen. Antigens are molecules that the body's immune system recognizes as foreign. When an antigen binds to a monoclonal antibody, it triggers a series of reactions that can lead to the destruction of the antigen. Monoclonal antibodies can be used to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. They are also used in research and diagnostics.

Monoclonal Antibody-Preparation & Application - MPH201T.pptx

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Pharmaceutics is the overall process of developing a new chemical entity into an approved therapy that is safe and effective in treating or preventing disease. It is a complex process requiring multiple scientific, medical, legal, commercial, and regulatory expertise.Pharmaceutics is the branch of pharmacy which deals with the formulation, manufacturing, evaluation, packaging of pharmaceutical dosage forms

Introduction to Pharmacy & Pharmaceutics.pptx

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Chitosan as Biopolymer Review Publish in ECB.pdf

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Optimization is a process of finding the best accurate value for the variables (dependent/independent variables) of a particular problem to minimize or maximize an objective function. Optimization involved in the formulating drug product dosage form formulation (Liposome)and other products of pharmaceuticals. Liposome are best encapsulation and delivery vehicle with many advantages & without limitations for delivery and targeting of the active substance. Liposome are closed spherical-like vehicle consisting of an aqueous core surrounded by one or more arranges bilayer membrane. These membranes compose of natural/synthetic lipid surfactant.

OPTIMIZATION AND FORMULATION OF DOXYCYLINE LOADED LIPOSOME BY QbD.pdf

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Validation: Action of proving and documenting that any process, procedure or method actually and consistently leads to the expected results. Calibration: The set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values indicated by an instrument or system for measuring (for example, weight, temperature and pH), recording, and controlling, or the values represented by a material measure, and the corresponding known values of a reference standard.

ICH and WHO Guideline for Validation and Calibration.pptx

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