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Red Hat System Administration
1. Red Hat System Administration
Rafi Rahimov
30.06.2014 - 04.07.2014
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GNOME Graphical Desktop
Managing Files Graphically
Getting Help in a Graphical and Textual Environment
Manage Physical Storage
Managing Logical Volumes
Monitor System Resources
Networking
Users and Groups, permissions
Installation
3. GNOME Graphical Desktop
• Using the GNOME(G Network Object
Model Environment) Desktop
• Editing Files with gedit
• gedit filename
4. Manage Files Graphically with Nautilus
• Customizing Nautilus
• Managing Local Files with Nautilus
• Managing Remote Files with Nautilus
5. Getting Help in a Graphical and Textual Environment
• Research Local Documentation
• Research On-line Documentation
• Getting the Most from Red Hat Global Support
Services
• Read documentation using man
• Reading documentation using pinfo
6. Manage Physical Storage
• Describing MBR: Primary, Extended, Logical
Partitions
• List Available Disk Devices (palimpsest)
• Creating a New Partition and Format it with a
Filesystem
7.
8. Managing Logical Volumes
• LVM Concepts
• Displaying LVM Usage
• Extending a Volume Group
• Extending a Logical Volume
• Extending a Physical Volume
9. File System in Linux
File System Max File Size Max Partition Size Journaling
Fat16 2 GB 2 GB No
Fat32 4 GB 8 TB No
NTFS 2 TB 256 TB Yes
ext2 2 TB 32 TB No
ext3 2 TB 32 TB Yes
ext4 16 TB 1 EiB Yes
reiserFS 8 TB 16 TB Yes
JFS 4PB 32PB Yes
XFS 8 EB 8 EB Yes
13. Monitor System Resources
• Process, Priority, and Signal Concepts
• Monitoring Processes by CPU or Memory Consumption (top,
vmstat, lsof, tcpdump -i eth0, netstat -a | more, iostat)
• Managing Running Processess
• Monitoring Disk Usage
14. Manage System Software
• Identifiying installed packages
• Register with Red hat Network
• Install, remove and update packages
16. Users and Groups
• useradd, usermod, and userdel — Industry-standard methods of adding, deleting
and modifying user accounts.
• groupadd, groupmod, and groupdel — Industry-standard methods of adding,
deleting, and modifying user groups.
18. • Chmod WhoWhatWhich file|directory
• Who is u,g,o,a (user,group,other,all)
• What is -,+,=(remove,add,set exactly)
• Which is r,w,x (read,write,exec)
chmod go-rw file1
chmod a+x file2
chmod 750 file2
R=4 ; w=2; x =1
chown user file1
--K Desktop Environment
--GNOME desktop
KDE is the default desktop environment for Mandriva, KNOPPIX, and several other Linux systems.
SUSE, openSUSE, and related distributions moved from KDE to GNOME as the default desktop, but still make KDE available.
KDE is also available with Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora but is not installed by default when they are installed as desktop systems (you need to specifically request KDE during installation).
GNOME (G Network Object Model Environment)
Open source və pulsuz
Linux kernel üzərində qurulur
GNOME – əsasən Red hat tərəfindən sponsor edilib
GNOME is the default desktop environment for major releases such as Fedora or Ubuntu.
Applications-Accessoriesgedit Text Editor
The graphical desktop includes a file manager called Nautilus that gives you a graphical display of your system and personal files.
It allows you to configure your desktop, configure your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system, browse your photo collection, access your network resources, and more all from one integrated interface
Ls,mv,cp,mkdir,rm in the bash
GNOME üçün –> System->Help
System -> Documentation
Online -> https://access.redhat.com/documentation
Support -> https://access.redhat.com/support
1.Define problem
2.Search documentation
3.Gather background information
4.Gather relevant diagnostic information(sosreport)
Hard disk and storage device are normally divided up into smaller chunks called partitions.
So that different parts of it can be formatted with different file system or used for different purposes.
For example, one partition could contain user home directories while another could contain system data and logs;
by placing the data in two separate file system on two separate partitions,
even if a user fills up the home directories partition with data, the system data partition may have space. Most Red Hat Enterprise Linux system on the x86 and x86-64 processor architectures use the MBR partitioning format for their hard disk. This is the same format that is used by most Microsoft Windows systems, and dates back to the IBM PC.
The MBR holds the information on how the logical partitions, containing file systems, are organized on that medium. Besides that, the MBR also contains executable code to function as a loader for the installed operating system—usually by passing control over to the loader's second stage, or in conjunction with each partition's volume boot record (VBR). This MBR code is usually referred to as a boot loader.
For various reasons, typically you are limited to no more than 15 partitions in total; fourteen are usable for file system, counting three primaries, the extended and eleven logical.
fdisk –l
Application-> System Utiliyies -> Disk Utilitiy
1-ci partition /dev/sda1
2-ci partition /dev/sd2
/etc/fstab – lists what partitions available
Mount /data
lvdisplay
ve ya System-Administration- Logical Volume Management
System-config-lvm
System-administration-users and groups
Physical volume -> LVM üçün istifadə edilə bilən partition.
Volume group – bir ve ya bir neçə physical voluem lar qrupu
Logical volume – volume group-da virtual partion demek olar. Bu hisse file system ile format edile bilier
Phyiscal exntent – volume grup terefinden physical volume-dan logical volume lara ayrilmish disk sahesi
Proses – ishleyen proqramn instansidir.Proselerin oz adresi, space, parametrleri var.
Linux-da her bir prosess Pros İD ile xarakterize edilir
Signals – OS proseslerle SİGNAl vasitesile elaqede olurş
BU signallar eventler ve ya xetalari proseslere gonderir
Signalin bir tipik novu de SİGTERM hansi ki prosesi terminate edir
Digeri ise SİGKİLL prosesi kill edir
Linux –da prosesler prioriteleshrme formulasi var bu formula niceness value ile tenzimlenir
Ihsleme aralgii -20 den + 19 dur
Default 0 dir.
Daha ashagi olan prioriet i daha yuxaridir.
Applications-System Tools – System monitor
Applications Disk Usage
Vmstat -> virtual memory statistics
Lsof - list of all open files and the processes
Iostat -- is used for monitoring system input/output device loading by observing the time the devices are active in relation to their average transfer rates.
