4 components continued

1. Muscle
Types of muscle tissue -
Skeletal muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Smooth muscle tissue

2. • The term muscle refers to multiple bundles of muscle fibres held
together by connective tissue
• Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by bundles of collagen
fibres known as tendons
!
• Muscle belly - fascicle (bundles of muscle fibres) - myofibrils - actin
and myosin - sacomere (contractile unit)
• Myofibrils are composed of long proteins such as actin, myosin
• as myofibrils shorten, the entire muscle cell contracts
• sarcomere is the functional unit that all the components needed for
contraction are contained
Structure

3. Structure - skeletal muscles

4. Actin + Myosin
• Muscles are composed of two major protein filaments: a thick
filament composed of the protein myosin and a thin filament
composed of the protein actin.
• Muscle contraction occurs when these filaments slide over
one another in a series of repetitive events.

5. Muscle contraction
• Creates movement at a joint
• Stabilise a joint
!
Why is this relevant?!
!

6. • Stabilisation and grounding
• Movement and transitions
• Stabilisation takes constant effort.
• Sthira sukham asanam
• Stabilisation linked to uddiyana and mula bandha
• Muscles rarely work alone, muscles often work in pairs….

7. Opposing muscles
• muscles usually work in pairs
• Extensors and flexors work in synchronicity
• Bicep and the tricep

8. Skeletal muscles create movement at a joint. Where the
attach it is often referred to as;
• Origin
• Insertion
This is useful but the body doesn't always move from
anatomical position. Perhaps, Instead think of the muscle
attaching to the distal and proximal end of the bone

9. Muscle contractions
iso metric = same length = held position
Iso tonic = same tone = with movement
eccentric = contracting while lengthening
concentric = contracting while shortening

10. Proprioception
"sense of self". !
!
!
The proprioceptors are sensors that provide information about
joint angle, muscle length, and muscle tension, which is
integrated to give information about the position of the limb in
space

11. Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the belly of a
muscle
!
The muscle spindle is one type of proprioceptor that provides
information about changes in muscle length
!
They convey length information to the central nervous system
via sensory neurons
!
This information can be processed by the brain to determine the
position of body parts.
Muscle spindles

12. Golgi Tendon
The Golgi tendon organ is another type of proprioceptor
that provides information about changes in muscle tension
!
Located in the tendons that attach muscle to bone
!
if the body is carrying a heavier load than necessary, the
Golgi tendon reflex jumps in to protect it. For example, if a
weight lifter tries to bicep curl a heavy weight he or she
cannot lift, rather than continuing to fight physics and risk
muscular damage, the reflex causes this hypothetical
person to drop the weight.!
!

14. Reciprocal inhibition
!
!
• Joints are controlled by two opposing sets of
muscles, extensors and flexors, which must work in
synchrony for smooth movement.
!
• When a muscle is stretched and the stretch reflex is
activated, the opposing muscle group must be
inhibited to prevent it from working against the
resulting contraction.

15. Resting tone = maintain posture!
!
Excess tone = muscle tension!
Muscle tone and tension

16. Hyper mobility
• four factors that may contribute to
joint hypermobility.
• the structure of your collagen (a
type of protein found in some
types of tissue)
• the shape of the ends of your
bones
• your muscle tone
• your sense of your joint
movements (proprioception)
• Genetics

17. signature movement patterns
• Karmic
• genetic
• modelling
• Prior activities
• injury
• Yoga

18. Find the balance, yoga isn’t another
stressful situation

19. Take aways
!
• Muscles create movement and stabilisation
• Reciprocal Inhibition
• Six factors that affect the way we move:
• Karmic
• Genetic
• Modelling
• Prior Activity
• Prior Injury
• Yoga
• Start to reflect on our own bias about others and about ourselves. Work
towards a more neutral teacher role (and student!)