Industry Re-search

1. Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles,
California. The neighborhood is notable for its place as the home of
the U.S. film industry, including several of its historic studios. Its
name has come to be a metonym for the motion picture industry of
the United States. Hollywood is also a highly ethnically diverse,
densely populated, economically diverse neighborhood and retail
business district.
Hollywood Industry is one of global proportions. Production, film
distribution and exhibition reach around the world and continue to
adapt to varying political, economic and technological changes.
Hollywood however continues to be a dominant factor in our film
viewing experiences. Even if we choose not to watch Hollywood
movies, the chances are that we will encounter Hollywood marketing
through accessing other media (trailers on TV, internet, videogame
tie-ins), walking through town (posters), listening to radio (film
adverts, ‘exclusive’ interviews/promotions), listening to music,
catching the bus (advertising hoardings) etc. Considering that
HOLLYWOOD

2. THE RISE OF HOLLYWOOD
Rise of Hollywood In early 1910, director D.W. Griffith was sent to the west coast
with his acting. They started filming on a vacant lot in downtown Los Angeles. This
place was called "Hollywood". Griffith then filmed the first movie ever shot in
Hollywood. In 1913 many movie-makers headed west to avoid the fees imposed by
Thomas Edison, who owned patents on the movie-making process. In Los Angeles,
California, the studios and Hollywood grew. Before World War I, movies were made
in several U.S. cities, but filmmakers gravitated to southern California as the
industry developed. They were attracted by the mild climate and reliable sunlight,
which made it possible to film movies outdoors year-round, and by the varied
scenery that was available. There are several starting points for American cinema,
but it was Griffith's Birth of a Nation that pioneered the filming vocabulary that still
dominates celluloid to this day. At motion pictures' height of popularity in the mid-
1940s, the studios were cranking out a total of about 400 movies a year, seen by
an audience of 90 million Americans per week. Sound also became widely used in
Hollywood in the late 1920s, after The Jazz Singer was successfully released as a
talkie in 1927. ‘Golden Age of Hollywood’, which lasted from the end of the silent
era in American cinema in the late 1920s to the 1950s, movies were issued from
the Hollywood studios like the cars rolling off Henry Ford's assembly lines; the start
of the Golden Age was arguably when The Jazz Singer was released in 1927 and
increased box-office profits for films as sound was introduced to feature films. Most
Hollywood pictures adhered closely to a formula—Western, slapstick comedy,

3. POST CLASSICAL CINEMA
The 'New Hollywood' and Post-classical cinema 'Post-classical
cinema' is a term used to describe the changing methods of storytelling
in the New Hollywood. It has been argued that new approaches to
drama and characterization played upon audience expectations
acquired in the classical period: chronology may be scrambled,
storylines may feature "twist endings", and lines between the antagonist
and protagonist may be blurred. The roots of post-classical storytelling
may be seen in film noir, in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), and in
Hitchcock's storyline-shattering Psycho. 'New Hollywood' is a term used
to describe the emergence of a new generation of film school-trained
directors who had absorbed the techniques developed in Europe in the
1960s; The 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde marked the beginning of
American cinema rebounding as well, as a new generation of films
would afterwards gain success at the box offices as well. Filmmakers
like Francis Ford Coppola, George Lucas, Brian de Palma, Martin
Scorsese, William Friedkin and Steven Spielberg came to produce fare
that paid homage to the history of film, and developed upon existing
genres and techniques. In the early 1970s, their films were often both
critically acclaimed and commercially successful. While the early New

4. THE BIG FIVE
During the Golden Age, eight companies comprised the so-called major
studios that promulgated the Hollywood studio system. Of these eight, five
were fully integrated conglomerates, combining ownership of a production
studio, distribution division, and substantial theatre chain, and contracting with
performers and filmmaking personnel. The Big Five:
• Fox (later 20th Century-Fox),
• Loew’s Incorporated (owner of America's largest theater circuit and parent
company to Metro- Goldwyn-Mayer: MGM),
• Paramount Pictures,
• RKO (Radio-Keith-Orpheum),
• Warner Bros.
Two majors—Universal Pictures and Columbia Pictures—were similarly
organized, though they never owned more than small theatre circuits. The
eighth of the Golden Age majors, United Artists, owned a few theatres and had
access to two production facilities owned by members of its controlling
partnership group, but it functioned primarily as a backer-distributor, loaning
money to independent producers and releasing their films. RKO went out of
business in 1955: a victim of the rise of TV in America. Warner on the other
hand has gone from strength to strength. They are now one of the largest

5. The New Hollywood system In contemporary Hollywood there is what is known
as a ‘package unit’ system at work:
• Studio space is rented and personnel hired for the duration of the one project.
• Individual producers now have to put together a one-off package of finance,
personnel, equipment and studio time for each film being made.
• The studios no longer have to be concerned with keeping busy what was
effectively a factory-full of workers permanently on their payroll; instead
arrangements can be made to film each one-off movie wherever is most
convenient around the world, perhaps in places where union laws might be less
stringent and rates of pay considerably lower. The main Hollywood companies
were driven over to this system in an effort to cut expenditure in the 1950’s in
order to survive the decline of cinema-going as a leisure activity.
ACTORS AND DIRECTORS:
• In ‘old Hollywood’ they were under strict contracts with studios
• They worked on one film until it was finished and then ‘assigned’ another.
• In the ‘new Hollywood’ they have agents to cut deals for them.
BUDGETS:
Some directors and actors have arguably more power than the studios. Budgets
‘Old Hollywood’ offered two kinds of movies: A-movies (big budget) and B-
THE NEW HOLLYWOOD
SYSTEM

6. MAJOR FILM STUDIOS
20th Century Fox:
Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is one of the six major American film
studios as of 2011. It is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, just
west of Beverly Hills, the studio is a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch’s News
Corporation. The company was founded on May 31, 1935 as the result of
the merger of Fox Film Corporation and Twentieth Century Pictures. The
Fox Film Corporation was formed in 1915 by the theater chain pioneer
William Fox, who formed Fox Film Corporation by merging two companies
Greater New York Film Rental, a distribution firm and Fox Office Attractions
Company, a production company. Some of the famous films by 20th Century
Fox in recent years were
• Night At The Museum (2007)
• Monte Carlo (2010)
• The Rise Of The Planet Of Apes (2010)
• Water For Elephants (2011)
• Avatar (2009)
• X-Men First Class (2011)
• RIO (2011)

7. Paramount Pictures:
is a film and television production/distribution company founded in 1912. It
is the fourth oldest existing film studio in the world behind Universal Studios,
Pathé and Gaumont Pictures. Also, it is the last major film studio still
headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount is
consistently ranked as one of the largest (top-grossing) movie studios. It is a
division of American media conglomerate Viacom. Paramount Pictures is a
member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Some of the
famous films:
• Fun Size
• Flight
• Rise of the Guardians
• The Guilt Trip
• Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away
• Hansel and Gretel: Witch Hunters
• Top Gun
• G.I. Joe: Retaliation[11]
• Pain & Gain
• Star Trek Into Darkness
• World War Z
• Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa.

8. Warner Bros:
Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc also known as Warner Bros.
Pictures is an American producer of film, television, and music
entertainment. One of the major film studios, it is a subsidiary of
Time Warner, with its headquarters in Burbank, California and New
York. Warner Bros. has several subsidiary companies, including
Warner Bros. Studios, Warner Bros. Pictures, Warner Bros.
Interactive Entertainment, Warner Bros. Television, Warner Bros.
Animation, Warner Home Video, New Line Cinema, TheWB.com,
and DC Comics. Warner owns half of The CW Television Network.
Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of
America (MPAA).Films exmaples:
• The Great Gatsby
• The Hangover Part III
• Man of Steel
• Pacific Rim
• The Conjuring
• Top Cat: The Movie
• We’re the Miller
• Getaway
• Prisoners
• Gravity

9. Columbia Pictures:
Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. is an American film production
and distribution company. Columbia Pictures now forms part of the
Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group, owned by Sony Pictures
Entertainment, a subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony. It is
one of the leading film companies in the world, a member of the so-
called Big Six. It was one of the so-called Little Three among the
eight major film studios of Hollywood’s Golden Age. The studio,
founded in 1919 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack
and Harry Cohn and Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in
August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924 and
went public two years later. The name is derived from “Columbia”, a
national personification of the United States, which is used as the
company’s logo. movie example :
• Men in Black 3
• That’s My Boy
• The Amazing Spider-Man
• Total Recall
• Hope Spring
• After Earth
• The Smurfs 2

10. Captain Phillips Walt Disney:
The Walt Disney Studios, also known as Walt Disney Studios Motion
Pictures Group and formerly known as Buena Vista Motion Pictures
Group and Buena Vista Film Group, is an American entertainment
industry company division which develops scripts and oversees
theatrical production for The Walt Disney Company’s production
companies and imprints founded in 1995. The studio, known for its
film division, which is one of Hollywood’s major film studios, is based
at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. Walt Disney
Studios’ film division is a member of the Motion Picture Association
of America (MPAA).
• Cars 2
• Winnie the Pooh
• The Muppets
• John Carter
• Arjun: The Warrior Prince
• Brave
• Wreck-It Ralph
• Oz the Great and Powerful
• Wings of Life
• Monsters University
• Frozen

11. Universal Studios
Universal Studios, is an American film studio, and one of the six major movie
studios. It is one of the longest-lived motion picture studios to be located outside
of Hollywood.It is a division of American media conglomerate NBCUniversal.
Founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle it is the oldest movie studio in the United
States of America. It is also the third oldest in the world that is still in continuous
production.Universal Studios is a Member of the Motion Picture Association of
America (MPAA).movie examples : • Jurassic Park (3-D rerelease) • Oblivion •
Fast & Furious 6 • The Purge • Despicable Me 2 • R.I.P.D.
rank Title USA Box Office
1. Avatar (2009) $760,505,847 2.
Titanic (1997) $658,672,302 3.
The Avengers (2012) $623,279,547 4.
The Dark Knight (2008) $533,316,061 5.
Star Wars (1977) $460,935,665
The Dark Knight Rises (2012) $448,130,642 8.
The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013) $424,645,577
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest(2006) $423,032,628 12.
The Lion King (1994) $422,783,777 13.
Spider-Man (2002) $403,706,375 17.
Jurassic Park (1993) $402,348,347 18.
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) $402,076,689 19.