Sesame is known as the "Queen of oilseeds" and is a rich source of edible oil. It is a summer crop that is 3-5 feet tall with small ovate seeds that can be black, brown, or white. Sesame has been cultivated since ancient times and is well suited to warmer climates. It requires temperatures between 25-30°C for optimal growth. Sesame can be grown as a sole crop or intercropped and is sensitive to waterlogging. Recommended varieties for Nepal include Nawalpur khairo til-1 and Nawalpur jhuse til-1, which have maturity periods of 115-120 days and potential yields of 1.2 and 0.

1. INTRODUCTION TO SESAME
Ravi Banjade
Roll : 20

2. Sesame ( तल )
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S.N : Sesamum indicum
Family : Pedaliaceae
Popularly known as " Queen of oli seed " .
Also called Poor Man's Ghee.
Rich source of edible oil ( 40 - 60% )
Oil contains Sesamol and Sesamin , acts
synergists with pyrethrum to control insects.

3. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
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Broadleaf Summer with Pronounced root
system
3-5 F tall
Self pollinating Crop
Fruits are called Capsules, that bears small
ovate and flattened seeds with black , brown or
white colour.

5. ORIGIN & DISTRIBUTION
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cultivation since ancient time.
one of the earliest domesticated plants in
Atharva Veda Samhita, (2500-1400 B.C )
originated in South Western Africa @ De
Candolle (1886)
In Nepal it is cultivated in 4682 ha of land
having productivity 1.35 t/ha.
Terai and Mid-hill

6. CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT
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Requires warm Climate.
temperature of 25-30°C encourage rapid germination,
initial growth and flower formation.
Low temperature at flowering can result in the
production of sterile pollen, or pre mature flowering
drop
Extremely susceptible to water logging and heavy
continuous rains.

7. SOIL
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pH Range : 5.5 - 8.0
Sensitive to water logging condition.
Best soil: sandy loam

8. S.N. VARIETY RELEASE
YEAR
MATURI
TY DAYS
POTENTI
AL YIELD
/HA
RECOM
MENDED
AREAS
1) Nawalpu
r khairo
til - 1
2057 115 - 120 1.2 Terai to
Inner
Terai.
2) Nawalpu
r jhuse til
- 1
2057 115 - 120 0.65 Terai to
Inner
Terai
RELEASED VARIETIES

9. FIELD PREPARATION
• Deep ploughing , 2-3 times harrowings
followed by planking bring the field in good
condition for planting.

10. CROPPING SYSTEM
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Sesame can be grown as sole crop or mixed /
intercropped as;
Sesame - Lentil- Mungbean
Sesame + Turmeric

11. SEED & SOWING
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SOWING METHOD
Broadcasting
Line sowing
Dibbling
SOWING TIME
Summer crop : Falgun - Chaitra ( Irrigated Condition )
Rainy crop : Ashar - Shrawan ( Rainfed Condition )
SEED TREATMENT
By Bavistin @ 2-3 g/kg seed
Treat seed with Azospirillum @100g/kg seed before
sowing so as to increase the nitrogen content in the soil.

12. SEED RATE & SPACING
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Seed Rate : 8-10 kg seed / ha
A spacing of 45 cm should be maintained
between rows and 15 cm between plants.
Sowing Depth : 2-3 cm

13. MANURE & FERTILIZER
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FYM: 10 – 15 t/ha
NPK : 60:40:20 kg/ha ( Normal Condition )
S @ 40 kg/ha ( If needed )

14. WATER MANAGEMENT
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Critical stage: flowering and pod formation
stage.
IRRIGATION METHOD
Furrow Method
Flooding
Sprinkle irrigation ( During Vegetative Growth )

15. WEED MANAGEMENT
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First 20-30 days after sowing is very sensitive
stage of crop to weed competition.
A minimum two hand or mechanical weeding
first at 15 DAS and second at next 15-20 days
thereafter are required to keep the field weed
free.
Herbicides like Basalin @1-1.5 kg a.i. /ha as
pre-plant /pre -emergence spray is effective.

16. PLANT PROTECTION
A) Major insects
Aphids
Leaf hopper
Gall Fly
Leaf Webber
Hawk or Dead head moth
Whiteflies
B) Major diseases
phyllody ( Phytoplasma )
Stem and Root Rot
Bacterial leaf Spot
Powdery mildew
Phytophthora Blight

17. HARVESTING , THRESHING &
STORAGE
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MATURITY INDICES
25% of the bottom leaves have shed and top
leaves have turned yellow.
Moisture content of capsule drop below 70% and
seeds below 25%.
Color of the stem is yellow
Capsules turns green to yellow.

18. • Ready to harvest within 90- 120 DAS
• Harvesting is done during early hours of the day to
avoid shattering of the grains.
• Harvesting & Threshing is done manually or by
using combine harvester/ mechanical threshers.
• After threshing, winnowing is done to remove light
foreign materials.
• The grain are then dried in bright sunlight to reduce
the moisture content 10-12 % ( For Long term
Storage )

19. YIELD
• 1-1.5 t/ha

20. THE - END