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1. Dr. Mervat Abdel Aziz Nasr
Professor Emeritus
of Architecture and Urban Design
Building Technology 3
AR 353
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

2. Lecture 6
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

3. ‫اﻟﺴــﻼﻟـــــــﻢ‬
Stairs
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

4. Stairs Definitions ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬ – ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

5. Stairs Definitions ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬ – ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

6. Stairs
Definitions
‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬ – ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

7. ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻞ‬ ‫زواﻳﺎ‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

8. Types of Stairs ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ‫أﺷﻜﺎل‬ –
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

9. ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

10. ‫اﻟـﺪرج‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

11. Stairs Definitions – ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

12. 2008 ‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ 119 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
•
) ‫ﻣﺎدة‬
103
‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ – (
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫واﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺰام‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬
.‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
•
) ‫ﻣﺎدة‬
104
:‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ – (
–
‫ﻟﻠﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬
110
‫وﺣﺪات‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪور‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
–
130
‫وﺣﺪات‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪور‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
–
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬
27
‫ﺳﻢ‬
–
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
17
‫ﺳﻢ‬
–
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪد‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ‬
14
‫ﻧﻮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬
–
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻮﺑﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬
90
‫ﺳﻢ‬
–
.‫ﻟﻼﺣﺘﺮاق‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫اﻟﻮاردة‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻋﻼوة‬
–
‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻷدﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬
2.10
‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ‬. ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
، ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة‬ ‫دور‬ ‫وأﺑﺮاج‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺂذن‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻟﻢ‬
–
‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎس‬
45
‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﺒﻖ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺮوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

13. •
‫ﺟﻴﺪة‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻴﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺮض‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫)ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬
(........ ‫ﻣﻮزاﻳﻜﻮ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رﺧﺎم‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺴﻮة‬
•
‫وأﻧﻮف‬ ‫ﻧﻮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻨﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺰﻻق‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻹﻧﺰﻻق‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
•
‫زاوﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫أﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرج‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻞ‬
25
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ه‬
35
‫ه‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻀﻊ‬ (‫)ن‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ (‫)ق‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
2
= ‫ن‬ + ‫ق‬
60
–
62
‫ﺳﻢ‬
•
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
27
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وﻻﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬
30
‫ﺳﻢ‬
•
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
15
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وﻻﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬
17
‫ﺳﻢ‬
•
‫وﻋﺮوض‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺴﻄﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ) ‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
( ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺒﺎت‬
•
‫واﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎءة‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬
•
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرج‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻻﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬
14
‫درﺟﺔ‬
•
‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻷدﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ‬
2.10
‫م‬
•
‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬
•
‫وﻻﻳﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺑﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫دراﺑﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
90
‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫رﺧﺎم‬ ‫وﻛﺴﻮة‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوط‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

14. ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ورﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬
•
‫واﻟﺒﺴﻄﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﺳﻘﺎط‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺮى‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎﺳﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
:‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻮات‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
1
.
‫واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﺟﺮاء‬
2
.
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫رﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺌﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫رﺳﻢ‬
‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻌﻮد‬ ‫واﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻴﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
3
.
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺋﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ‬
4
.
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺌﺮ‬ ‫اﻹرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫رﺳﻢ‬
5
.
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
6
.
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
7
.
‫اﻟﻄﺮوﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫وأﻧﻒ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدى‬ ‫أﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺪد‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
8
.
‫ﻟﻠﻘﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻮف‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻞ‬
9
.
‫اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﻘﺎط‬
10
.
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻤﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺋﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﻢ‬
11
.
‫اﻹﺳﻘﺎط‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرج‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ‬
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr

15. Thank You
Week 6 - 2021/2022 Dr. Mervat Nasr