Design of Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits for UWB Communications
1. Tesis Doctoral
Design of Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits
for Ultra Wide Band Communications
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - 20 de Julio de 2012
Directores:
Autor: Dr. Francisco Javier del Pino Suárez
Roberto Díaz Ortega Dr. Sunil Lalchand Khemchandani
Dr. Antonio Hernández Ballester
5. • Find different alternative to implement power and area
efficient low noise amplifiers for ultra wide band applications
1. Obtain a reference system
specifications.
1. Explore different low noise
amplifiers architectures.
2. Explore different inductor
structures.
3. Explore inductorless techniques.
Research objectives
6. 1. Distributed amplifiers
2. Wide band low noise amplifiers
3. Feedback wide band amplifier
4. Inductorless techniques
Proposed milestones
8. • Fist use of “ultra wide band” term in 1989.
• In 2002 the FCC allocate unlicensed spectrum between 3.1 y
10.6 GHz.
• In 2003 the MBOA promote a global UWB standard.
• In 2003 appear the IEEE 802.15.3a task group.
• In 2004 is created the WiMedia alliance.
• In 2006 the IEEE 802.15.3a task group is abandoned.
• In 2007 was approved the first version of ECMA-368 /
ISO/IEC 26907.
Evolution of UWB
communications
10. For a Packet Error Rate of less than 8% with a Phisical layer Service Data Unit (PSDU)
of 1024 octects.
Data Rate (Mb/s) Sensitivity (dBm)
53.3 -80.8
80 -78.9
106.6 -77.8
160 -75.9
200 -74.5
320 -72.8
400 -71.5
480 -70.4
Receiver Sensitivity
11. Advantages Disadvantages
No Image Frequency DC Offset
Easly integrable I/Q Mistmatches
Low power operation Flicker Noise
Direct conversion receiver
12. The noise figure is defined as the degradation of the signal to noise ratio:
where:
Data Rate (Mb/s) Sensitivity (dBm) Noise Figure (dB)
480 -70.4 7.32
53.3 -80.8 18.9
Receiver Noise Figure
13. Filter roll-off (dB/oct) Filter Order ADC dynamic Range (dB) ADC bit number
12 2 53.8 ≥9
24 4 41.8 ≥7
36 6 29.8 ≥5
Channel filter and ADC dynamic
range
14. The quantization noise for a ADC input impedance of 50Ω is:
The output thermal noise is given by:
Considering that:
The minimum gain that satisfies the condition is:
ADC Bits Oversampling factor (p) Gain (dB)
7 1 60.86
2 57.86
9 1 48.81
2 45.81
ADC number of bits and system
gain
15. The maximum power level at ADC input is:
To avoid to saturate de ADC:
ADC Bits Oversampling factor (p) Gain (dB)
7 1 60.86
2 57.86
9 1 48.81
2 45.81
Automatic gain control
16. The interference scenario is dominated by IEEE 802.11a. The typical test case establish that
At a distance of 0.2m the interference power has a level of -31.9 dBm
Linearity requirements
32. In order to provide an objective method to compare the developed circuits and other similar
works, a figure of merit has been used:
Where:
• PDC: power consumption
• P1dB: 1 dB compression point
• Fh: upper frequency corner of the LNA
• Ft* technology unitary current gain bandwidth
• Area: circuit area
Experimental results
36. The noise depends directly related to:
rb, re and the small signal
transconductance
To get a 50Ω input impedance with a low impact
over the noise figure a degenerative inductive
is used:
Alternatively this expression can be expressed as:
Narrow band low noise amplifier
77. Comparative results between the front-ends:
Design Frontend I Frontend II
NF(dB) 11.2 13.7
Gain (dB) 12.1 7.2
IIP3 (dBm) -5.6 -2.1
Consumption (mW) 16 14
Area (mm2) 0.97 0.52
With inductorless techniques an area saving of 54% have been achieved.
Experimental results
78. System Distributed Wideband Feedback Inductorless
Intro Analysis Amplifiers Amplifiers Amplifiers Techniques Conclusions
• Summary of the developed circuits.
• Specifications comparative.
• Areas for further research.
Outline
80. Design Frontend I Frontend II Specification
NF(dB) 11.2 13.7 7
Gain (dB) 12.1 7.2 35
IIP3 (dBm) -5.6 -2.1 -9
Consumption (mW) 16 14 minimum
Area (mm2) 0.97 0.52 minimum
Inductorless front-ends
81. Journal Papers
• J. del Pino, Sunil L. Khemchandani, Roberto Díaz-Ortega, Rubén Pulido Medina and Hugo García-
Vázquez, ”On-Chip Inductors Optimization For Ultra Wide Band Low Noise Amplifiers”, Journal of
Circuits, Systems, and Computers, Nov. 2011
• J. del Pino, R. Díaz and S.L. Khemchandani, ”Area Reduction Techniques for Full Integrated Distributed
Amplifiers”, International Journal in Electronics and Communications, Nov. 2010
Conference Papers
• H. García-Vázquez, R. Díaz, D. Ramos-Valido, A. Santana, J. del Pino and S.L. Khemchandani, ”Area
Reduction in RF Fully Integrated Front-Ends for UltraWideband”, XXV Conference on Design of Circuits
and Integrated Systems, Nov 2010.
• H. García, R. Pulido, R. Díaz, S.L. Khemchandani, A. Goñi and J. del Pino, ”A Feedback Wideband LNA
with a Modified 3D Inductor for UWB Applications”, XXIII Conference on Design of Circuits and
Integrated Systems, Nov 2008.
• G. Martín, R. Díaz, J. del Pino, S.L. Khemchandani, A. Hernández, ”Design of a Fully Integrated DC to
8.5 GHz Distributed Amplifier in CMOS 0.35”, XXI Conference on Design of Circuits and Integrated
Systems, Nov 2006.
Publications
82. • SR2 - Short Range Radio, Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade 2010-
2011.
• SR2 - Short Range Radio, Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade 2009-
2010.
• WITNESS - WIreless Technologies for small area Networks with Embedded and
Security & Safety. MEDEA+ from UE - Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tourism and
Trade. 2005 - 2007.
Research Projects
83. • Design and integration of the rest of the receiver
• Design of mixers.
• Design of filters.
• Design of baseband amplifiers.
• Inductor estructures
• Explore new alternative to reduce inductor area.
• Explore new circuits topologies that require low
performance inductors.
• Inductorless architectures
• Improve the performance of inductoless designs.
Areas for further research
84. Tesis Doctoral
Design of Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits
for Ultra Wide Band Communications
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - 20 de Julio de 2012
Directores:
Autor: Dr. D.Francisco Javier del Pino Suárez
Roberto Díaz Ortega Dr. D. Sunil Lalchand Khemchandani
Dr. D. Antonio Hernández Ballester