Green Revolution

1. Submitted to :
Dr.Sachin Kumar
Assistant Professor
Submitted by:
Mr.R.P Maurya
M.Sc.(Ag) I sem
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
C C S University Meerut

2. Content:
 Introduction.
 What is green revolution?
 Why was a revolution needed?
 History of green revolution.
 Methods used in green revolution.
 Basic elements used methods of green revolution.
 Causes of green revolution.
 Effects of green revolution.
 Result / Evaluation of green revolution.
 Advantages of green revolution.
 Limitation of green revolution.
 Conclusion

3.  Green Revolution is also known as Seed-Water-Fertilizers-
Pesticides-Technology
 In 1965 the government of Mrs. Indra Gandhi decided to
take a major step on Agriculture condition.
 Thus "Green Revolution" was applied to the period from
1967 to 1978 basically in parts of Punjab and Haryana.
 At this stage the Green Revolution was concern only with
Wheat & Rice
 Refers to increase crop production by using modern
agriculture techniques

4. •Dr. M S Swaminathan from India led the Green
Revolution as the Project.
• Dr. M. S. Swaminathan and Smt. Indra Gandhi.

5.  The Green Revolution refers to a set of research and
development of technology transfer initiatives occurring
between the 1930s and the late 1960s that increased
agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the
developing world, beginning most markedly in the late
1960s.
 The new technologies were:
 high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of cereals (wheat and rice)
 chemical fertilizers (plus agro-chemicals)
 controlled water-supply (irrigation)
 new methods of cultivation (including mechanisation)
 All of these are a 'package of practices' capable to
overtake 'traditional' technology and to be adopted as a
whole.

6.  J. G. Harrar, “The green revolution is the phrase
generally used to describe the Spectacular
increase that took place during 1967-68 and is
continuing in the production of food grains in
India”.
 Green Revolution means revolutionary change in
agriculture in order to make a massive
production. Green revolution has been effected
not only in India but also in many other
countries where food production is not at par
with the size of population

7.  Famine had ripped though parts of India in the past, and
many economists and agricultural scientists predicted
worse famine in the future is a new plan was not put in
place
 Overpopulation was stretching India’s food resources
 Government inability to ensure proper movement of
good to areas that were in need
 Droughts
 Food Crisis
 1961-1962 Chaina-indian War

8. • The term "Green Revolution" was first used in 1968
by former US Agency for International Development
(USAID) director William Gaud, who noted the
spread of the new technologies:
• Norman Borlaug was the father of the Green
Revolution, and he received the Nobel Peace Prize
in 1970.
• He is credited with saving over a billion people
from starvation, through the development of high-
yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of
irrigation infrastructure, modernization of
management techniques, distribution of hybridized
seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to
farmers.

10.  In 1961, India was on the brink of mass famine
and Norman Borlaug was invited in the country.
Ford Foundation and Indian government imported
wheat seed from the International Maize-Wheat
Improvement Centre.
 In 1965 the government of Mrs. Indira Gandhi
decided to major steps on agriculture conditions.
 Thus Green Revolution was applied to the period from 1967
to 1978 basically in the parts or Haryana and Punjab.
 At this stage concern was on Wheat and Rice.
 Dr. MS Swaminathan from India led Green Revolution as a
Project.
 He is Called father GREEN REVOLUTION IN INDIA

11. THE FATHER OF GREEN REVOLUTION
IN INDIA:-
Dr. M S Swaminathan

12. It is first started in Punjab and Haryana
Western U.P because of good water
resources

13. Traditional ways of farming

14.  Double/ Multiple Cropping system
 Seeds with superior genetics
 Proper irrigation system
 High Yielding Variety (HYV) of seeds
 Use of pesticides and fertilizers
 Use of modern machinery (Tractor,
Harvester, Thrasher)
 Expansion of farming areas

15. Basic elements used methods of green
revolution:
 Continued expansion of farming areas: Green
Revolution continued with quantitative
expansion of farmlands.
 Double-cropping existing farmland: Instead of
one crop season per year, the decision was
made to have two crop seasons per year. There
had to be two "monsoons" per year. One would
be the natural „monsoon‟ and the other an
artificial „monsoon‟.
 Using seeds with superior genetics: This was
the scientific aspect of the Green Revolution to
use High Yielding Variety (HVY) of seeds.

16. :
 High Yielding Varieties of Seed.
 Chemical Fertilizers.
 Irrigation.
 Multiple Cropping.
 Modern Agricultural Machinery.
 Credit Facilities.
 Agricultural Research.
 Plant Protection.
 Rural Electrification.
 Soil Testing and Soil Conservation.

18. :
 Increase in Production
 Capitalistic Farming
 Effect on Rural Employment
 Reduction in Imports of food grains
 Development of Industries
 Effect on Prices
 Base for Economic Growth
 Effect on consumers
 Effect on Planning
 Increase in Trade
 Change in Thinking of Farmers

19. Result / Evaluation of green revolution:
 Statistical Result

20. :
 India saw annual wheat production rise from
10 million tons in the 1960s to 75 million in
2006
 Improvement of Overall food CropProduction
 Multiple cropping.
 Other crops grown which varied the diet.
Surplus to sell in cities creating a profit
improving the standard of living.
 Allows purchase of fertilizers, machinery etc.
 India becomes self sufficient in food grains.
 Expension of irrigataied land

23. The Green Revolution, howsoever
impressive, but NOT a 100% success.
 Crop-specific and Region specific
 Insresed disparity.
Pluse-Milletes –Oil seed neglected
Large farmers become rich ;small and
marginal farmer neglected
Input intensive agri practies:excessive
use of water fertilizer-soil erosion
salinlty pollution

24.  A recent Punjabi University study
found a high rate of genetic damage
among farmers, which was attributed
to pesticide use.
 The new organic fertilizer, pesticides
and chemicals are ruining the soil.
 Lead to unemployment and Rural-
Urban Immigration.

25. Failures of green revolution

28.  Green Revolution has done a lot of positive things,
saving the lives of millions peoples and
exponentially increasing the yield of food crops.
But environmental degradation makes the Green
Revolution an overall inefficient, short-term
solution to the problem of food insecurity.
 So, more sustainable and environmental friendly
system of cultivation needs to be practiced.
 The world needs green Revolution 2, which
promises to feed a growing world population
sustainably –without compromising the needs of
future generations

29.  India has tremendous export potential in agriculture in
present era of globalization .
 In second Green Revolution emphasis should be laid on
 01Non food grains
 01 Improving global market opportunities
 02 Improving rural infrastructure
 03 Improving rural roads and electrifications