The document is a presentation on doing business in India from the perspective of a banker. It discusses several key points:
1. The Indian economy is growing rapidly, driven by consumption growth and a strong services sector. New industries like IT and pharmaceuticals are emerging.
2. The financial sector in India is robust with established institutions and regulations. The banking sector is expanding into new areas and using new technologies to better serve customers.
3. Reforms have improved the business environment in India and increased its competitiveness globally according to World Bank reports. The financial system remains stable despite various economic challenges.
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hp 2003 annual report (with graphics)
1. Doing Business in India
The Big Picture
A Banker’s Perspective
US – India Business Summit
November 29, 2006
Dr. Anil K Khandelwal
Chairman & Managing Director
Bank of Baroda
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 1
2. Indian Economy – A Snapshot
One of the fastest growing in the world
Consumption growth fuelling economic growth – consumption
expenditure forming 78% of GDP
Services sector contributing over 60% to GDP
Emerging as a hub of manufacturing excellence. new growth
engines of Indian economy include IT, ITes, pharmaceuticals, bio-
technology, nano technology, agri. businesses
Where forces of competition are at work
Innovation driving enterprises
Economic reforms well on course – entering second phase
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 2
3. Indian Economy – A Snapshot
“Inclusive growth” occupying central place
High untapped potential in rural / agri - economy
Indian companies on acquiring spree and going global
Indian companies pursuing global best practices and producing
world-class managers
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 3
4. Improved Ranking on Business Front
World Bank – IFC Report on Doing Business in India
for 2007 has given a higher rank to India compared
to last year because :
- India has cut the time to start a business from 71 to 25 days
- Reduced the Corporate Income Tax rate from 36.59% to 33.66%
- Supreme Court’s decision has made enforcing collateral simpler –
easing access to credit
- Reforms to Stock Exchange Regulations have toughened investor
protection
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 4
5. The Indian Financial Sector
Robust financial system
Well established institutions
Strong supervisory system
Progressive integration of financial markets - banking, insurance,
mutual funds, securities, commodities
High competition marked by innovation
High technology absorption
Rediscovery of the Indian customer
21st century customer driving innovations in banking
Banking plus financial services becoming the new offerings
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 5
6. The Indian Financial Sector
Alternate e-delivery channels becoming popular with Indian
customers
Financial sector bracing to meet life cycle and life style needs of
the great Indian middle class
“Cradle to Grave” becoming the new spectrum of life cycle needs
Banking graduating beyond traditional boundaries of vanilla
banking
Indian customer demanding TOTAL FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS
Banking sector bracing itself to offer customized and structured
products
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 6
7. The Indian Financial Sector
Banking sector entering newer areas like wealth management, private
banking, doorstep banking, electronic banking, credit cards, investment
advisory services, etc.
Indian banks in a war game to acquire and retain customers
Indian middle class being reached out and wooed by banks
Indian middle class and financial sector beginning to dream together and
weave a new bond of relationship
Financial products like mutual funds, life policies, non-life policies competing
with traditional banking products
Banking sector fully geared for helping Indian middle class realize its dream
Banking sector in good health – with low non-performing assets and
prudential accounting standards in place
Indian banking entering the phase of consolidation (2nd Phase of Reform) – on
way to acquire global size
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 7
8. Robust & Resilient Banking Sector
A free & open banking sector where most businesses are now covered at the
market-determined rates
Full banking license system
Highly Stable Sector despite a series of Exogenous Shocks like the Asian
Crisis, Sanctions due to Nuclear Explosions, Record High Oil Prices and
Large Corrections in Stock Markets
Significant improvement in the Asset Quality: Net NPAs (%) have decreased
from 8.1% at end-March 1997 to 2.0% at end-March 2006 despite tightening of
prudential norms
Capital Adequacy Ratio (%) of the banking sector has increased from 10.4% at
end-March 1997 to 12.8% at end-March 2006
Operating Expenses of SCBs have declined from 2.1% of Total Assets in 1992
to 1.8% in 2005 indicative of improved efficiency
Intermediation costs of SCBs have declined from 2.9% in 1995-96 to 2.1% in
2005-06
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 8
9. Indian Banks – in good health…
Strong Regulatory & Supervisory system
RBI has strengthened prudential norms with respect to income recognition,
disclosures and capital adequacy
India complies with BIS 26 norms of best practices of supervisory criteria,
country risk & convertibility
Indian banks are well on road towards BASEL II compliance
Credit Deposit Ratio is increasing – PSB : 66.2%, Pvt. Banks : 76.3%
Bank credit is growing by about 30%
Indian banks compare favourably with its Asian peers in asset quality
Indian banking sector grew by 6 times in the last decade – from Rs. 5,984 bn in
1995 to Rs. 36,105 bn.
KYC norms and Anti Money Laundering regulations in force
Indian banks are serving the “Two Faces” of India – the Underprivileged, the
Progressive & the Opulent – with equal aplomb
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 9
10. Indian Banks – in good health…
• PSBs : 72%
About 70000 strong branch network – More
• Pr.Bks : 19%
than 60% presence in Rural areas • Fgn. Bks.: 7%
• Others include UCBs,
RRBs, LABs & NBFCs
Consistent growth in profitability – Spread is
• Spread : 3.2%
getting healthier – from 3.1% in 2004-05 to • CAR : 12.0%
• ROA : 1.0%+
3.2% in 2005-06
• Gross NPA : 3.34%
NPL Ratios compare favourably with global
• Net NPA : 2.00%
trends
TRS Apr 01 – Apr 05
• PSU Banks : 61.2%
Consistently out-performing stock indices –
• India Banking : 51.3%
Total Return to Shareholders continues to be • Old Private : 40.0%
• New Private : 33.9%
attractive
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 10
11. Banks – Major Financiers of Growth
India has one of the strongest financial sector with low systemic
risk
Upturn in economic activity is mirrored in the sustained growth in
“Demand for Bank Credit”
Bank credit has increased sharply from 30% of GDP at end-March
2000 to 48% at end-March 2006
Non-food credit by SCBs increased by an average of 26.1% between
2002-2006 versus its long-term average of 17.8% from 1970 to 2006
Deployment of credit is quite broad-based with increasing flows
going to infrastructure , SMEs, agriculture and retail sector
(especially residential mortgages) during the past three years
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 11
12. Indian Banks in the Best of the League of Asian Peers
According to Moody’s Investor Services Analysis :
Indian lenders have highest Return on Equity (ROE) in Asia
(20.38%), followed by Indonesia (20.19%), New Zealand
(18.83%), Japan (-6.42%)
Average gross bad loans as share of total loans – India
(8.18%), Philippines (15.05%), Thailand (13.08%), China
(11.80%) and Malaysia (9.73%)
Cost to Income Ratio in India at 44.56% is in line with the
best regulated Asian countries like Singapore (44.15%),
Taiwan (42.61%) and Hong Kong (40.05%)
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 12
13. Financial Sector Reforms – Going Ahead
Requirements Fulfillments
Banking Regulations • Deregulated Interest rate
• Greater freedom to banks
• Significant steps towards Full capital
• Account Convertibility
Credit & Recovery
• SARFAESI Act 2002
• Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT)
Payment Systems
• Real Time Gross Settlements(RTGS)
• Electronic Clearing System (ECS)
• Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT)
• Cheque Truncation - in the pipeline
Communications &
Infrastructure • Internet Banking, E-Banking, On-line
• Tax Payment / Utility Payments,
• ATM, Mobile Banking
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 13
14. Significant Steps for Improvement…
Area Status
Capital Norms - Min. Capital @ 9% as against 8% by BIS
- Indian Banks are ahead in Basel II readiness
– implementation road-map targets March
2009
- Min. Capital requirement for entry set @ Rs.
3 bn. for all banks in private sector
Credit Information - Credit Information Bureau of India Ltd
- List of defaulters on RBI website
Financial Track record
- No financial crisis – escaped contagion
effect of South East Asian meltdown
Other Regulatory Initiatives
- Strong Regulatory Practice & Prudence in
place for “Managing Affluence”
- Regulatory provisions to bring NBFCs &
UCBs under uniform prudential norms
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 14
15. Indian Banks are on a high growth track…
1. Overall banking sector is growing by – 18%
2. Retail Sector (CAGR – 5 years)
- Housing Loan : 50.%
- Consumer Durables : 16%
- Credit Card : 45%
- Two Wheeler Loan : 31%
- Car Loans : 26%
- Other Personal Loans : 38%
More than 25% of the Bank Loan Assets are in Retail sector
ensuring high returns - likely to cross Rs. 5700 bn by 2010
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 15
16. Indian Banks are on a high growth track…
Online Banking in India . . .
Growth of e-Commerce Transactions
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 • Estimated 4.6* million Indian Internet users
are Banking Online today
2500
• Indians paying bills online is expected to
2000
increase from the current 0.3 million in
2300
1500
2005-06 to 1.8 million by 2007-2008.
1180
Rs. CR
• E-commerce transactions will cross the Rs
1000
570
2000 crore mark (2006-2007) which
500 255
130 translates into an increase of over 300%
0
from financial year 2004-05.
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 16
17. Doing Business in India …
Is there any Untapped Potential in Indian
Financial Market ?
What is the ‘Big Picture’ ?
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 17
18. The Big Picture…
Consumption boom in India
Consumer Loans / Mortgages / GDP(%)
GDP(%)
40
60 37
58
35
50
30
India
India 25
40
Thailand
36
Thailand
20 Malaysia
30 17
Malaysia
26 Taiwan
15 13
Taiwan
20 Korea
10 9
Korea
13
5 4
10 8
0
0 India Thailand Malaysia Taiwan Korea
India Thailand Malaysia Taiwan Korea
Other Retail Loans / GDP
Credit Cards / GDP (%)
(%)
140
121.9 45
41
120
40
100 India 35
82.4 India
30
Thailand
80
Thailand
25
Malaysia
60 Malaysia
20
17
Taiwan
16 Taiwan
40 15
Korea
Korea
8
10
20
4
9.8 5
2.8
0.4
0 0
India Thailand Malaysia Taiwan Korea
India Thailand Malaysia Taiw an Korea
In each of the US – India Business Summit, 2006
area, huge untapped potential left
May 5, 2009 18
19. The Big Picture…
Mutual Funds – Global Perspective
Mutual Funds as a % of GDP
100
87
90
80 72
70
60
50
Global Investment Fund Asset Pool
40
30
30 23 21
1600
20
13711396
1400
6 5
10
1200
0
Brazil
UK
US$bn
India
Korea
USA
Japan
Australia
1000
800
635
600 468 493 512
399
344
400 274
177
200 77
44
11
1
0
Luxembourg
Philippines
Ireland
UK
Korea
India
Hong Kong
Australia
Singapore
Zealand
Italy
Japan
Taiwan
France
New
Low Penetration – Indian industry still in early stages
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 19
Source : CLSA Asia Pacific
Markets
20. The Big Picture…
Insurance Penetration – Global Landscape
Life premium/ GDP (%)
Insurance density (US$ premiums per
10 8.9
8.32
9
7.27
capita)
8 7.08
7
6
4.14
5
3.6 3.51
4
2.53
Country Life Non Life
3 1.78
2 0.82
1
UK 3287 1311
0
Indonesia
Australia
Malasiya
France
Korea
India
China
Japan
South
UK
US
Japan 2954 790
France 2474 1093
US 1753 2122
Australia 1366 1203
Non Life premium/ GDP (%)
South Korea 1211 495
Malasiya 188 95
6
5.01
India 18 4.5
5
3.55
4
China 13 16
3.13 3.09 2.98
3 2.22
Indonesia 10 10
1.82
2
0.92 0.7 0.61
1
0
Indonesia
Malasiya
Australia
Japan
France
South
Korea
India
China
US
UK
Low Penetration – A large potential still untapped
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 20
Source : Swiss Re Report 2005
21. The Big Picture…
Growth of Card Spending in India . . .
Growth of Credit and Debit Cards in India
Increasing trend of Plastic Spend
High Technology Banking Products
8
7 Need for value added services on card
6 products
5
7.3
NUMBER OF
4
CARDS IN Cr
Growth of ATMs in India
3 4.9
30000
2 2.8
1
25000
0
2004 2005 2006 20000
15000
Larger Number of Access Points for No of ATMs
Customers 10000
Convenience to customer is the key 5000
Shared network is the future 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 21
22. Wealth Management & Private Banking – New Growth Opportunities…
India - one of 10 fastest-growing population of HNWIs globally
There are at least 23 Indian citizens amongst the richest people on the
planet
Non Resident Indians can invest in all Indian Asset Classes
No. of HNWIs in India – 100,000 (19.3% growth in 2005)
Salary increases in India – 13.9% is the highest in the world
Increasing Investment avenues – Art, Realty Funds, Commodities
Penetration level of wealth management services in India - 10% in
comparison to European markets (60-90%)
The number of companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, at more
than 6,000, is second only to NYSE.
Each year 2,500 tonnes of gold is mined (fifth of the world's gold output.)
and 3,500 tonnes is consumed, of which 1,000 tonnes is consumed in
India alone.
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 22
23. The Big Picture…
India is fast emerging as the “Back Office” of the
World & the “Global Knowledge Hub”
100 Global Companies outsource from India
Top Global Banks are present in India
Largest talent pool
World class educational / professional institutions
Increasing Trade activities
Cost of operations – low
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 23
24. The Story Continues…
Savings Rate @ 29% is low – Offers high potential from an
increasingly affluent community
Less than 40% of Indian household has a bank account
Bulging Middle Class – likely to exceed 300 mn
Only 2% of the Indian population have insurance cover
Less than 1% of the population is actively participating in
the Stock market
Number of high net worth households (> Rs. 500,000) is
likely to grow from 200,000 to 400,000 by 2010
Consumer Finance stands at about 2% to 3% of GDP as
compared to 25% in European market
Real Estate Market is projected to touch USD 50 bn by 2008
SME Sector is catching up fast creating huge prospect of
growth
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 24
25. Challenges Ahead….
Capital Requirements – to compete with Foreign banks in the
post 2009 phase
Financial Inclusion – to remove imbalances in economic
growth
Banking Sector Consolidation – for improving competitiveness
– need for a clear road-map for “Managed Consolidation”
HR Challenges – Changing working conditions, re-skilling,
compensation etc.
Coping with the massive technology adoption programme –
change management – from employees’ as well as customers’
perspectives
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 25
26. Challenges Ahead….
High intermediation costs
Low Productivity
Better Corporate Governance – higher level of accountability
Improvement in productivity and efficiency in line with
advanced markets
Transformation from Plain Vanilla banking’ to “multi-specialist”
banking
May 5, 2009 US – India Business Summit, 2006 26