2. Definition
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD), sometimes called Attention Deficit
Disorder (ADD), involves hyperactivity,
difficulty paying attention and a tendency to
act impulsively.
3. Prevalence
• begins in childhood and can affect all areas of
a patient’s life.
• 3% - 5% of school-aged children-2 million
children in the US (National Institute of
Mental Health (NIMH))
• Boys outnumber girls 3 to 1 (Mental Health
America) However, girls may be under
diagnosed.
4. Three Major Types
• Predominantly inattentive (ADHD/I)
• Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive ADHD
(ADHD/HI)
• Combined ADHD
5. Predominantly inattentive (ADHD/I)
• difficulty paying attention
• struggles to concentrate and complete tasks forgetful and
easily distracted
• poor organizational skills, lethargic, sluggish, shy, anxious or
constantly daydreaming
• most often diagnosed in adolescent girls, and is diagnosed
if six or more symptoms of inattention have persisted for
more than six months, according to the American
Psychiatric Association (APA).
6. Combined ADHD
• Combines symptoms of the other two forms of
ADHD
• the most common form of ADHD.
• diagnosed in boys of elementary-school age.
• diagnosed when six or more symptoms
associated with each of the two major forms of
ADHD are present.
7. Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
ADHD (ADHD/HI)
• difficulty controlling behavior, with an increased risk for
serious aggressive or oppositional behavior and antisocial
conduct.
• fidget and excessively restless.
• blurt out comments that are inappropriate and often do
not think before they act.
• diagnosed if six or more symptoms of hyperactivity and
impulsivity have persisted for more than six months.
8. Causes
• Change in the brain structure
• Genetic & heredity
• Mother is exposed to chemicals during
pregnancy (smoke, alcohol, drugs)
• Child exposed to chemicals at young age
(environmental toxins – PCBs or Lead)
• Gender – boys are 3x more likely than girls
10. Diagnostic and Criteria of
Children with ADD/ADHD
• Medical evaluation
• Psychological evaluation
• Pediatricians
• Psychiatrists
• Family
• Teachers
• Early onset
• Duration
• Settings
• Impact
• Developmental level
• Alternative explanation
11. Treatment
Treatment Team
• Child and adolescent
psychiatrists
• Psychologists
• Cognitive-behavioral
therapists
• Educational specialists
• Behavioral coaches
Plan
• Education about ADHD
• Behavioral intervention
strategies
• Parent training
• A specialized educational
program
• Medication, when
necessary
12. Tips for Parents
• Believe in and support
your child.
• Keep things in
perspective.
• Pay attention to the
siblings.
• Take of yourself.
• Communicate
• Connect
• Be consistent.
• Set a good example.
• Anticipate and avoid
problems.
• Praise good behavior.
• Negotiate and consult
with your child.
• Pick your battles.
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