Business Studies - Motivation Theories There are 4 motivation theories that are explained in this presentation. Herzberg's Two Factory, Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, Mayo's Human Relations and Taylor's Scientific Management. The theories are explained, advantages and disadvantages along with images and definitions. ALSO, the 3 types of management systems are explained (autocratic, paternalistic and democratic)

1. Motivation Theories
Business Studies
(A Level)

2. Maslow’s Hierarchy
of Needs
Herzberg’s Two
Factory
Taylor’s Scientific
Management
Mayo’s Human
Relations

3. Maslow’s Hierarchy
of Needs

4. Maslow (1908 - 1970)
believed that the reason
that people went to work
changes. He was initially
studying human
behaviour and wasn’t
focused on the effect on a
business.

6. Some levels of hierarchy doesn’t exist for
some people
Some rewards (e.g. money) can fit into more
than one level
It’s difficult to recognise which level an
individual is on
Self-actualisation is never permanently
achieved

7. Taylor’s Scientific
Management

8. Taylor put forward the idea that workers are mainly and only
motivated by money and/or pay
Workers don’t naturally enjoy work and so need close
supervision and control
Therefore, managers should break down production
into small tasks
Workers should then be given appropriate training
and tools
Workers should then be paid according to production
(piece rate)
As a result, workers are encouraged to work hard and
maximise profits

9. Taylor’s methods were widely adopted as businesses
saw the benefits of increased productivity levels
and lower unit costs.
His approach is closely linked to the concept of
autocratic management style and Macgregor’s
Theory X approach (workers are views as lazy and
avoid responsibility).

10. Senior managers take all the
important decisions with no
involvement from workers
(Definition)

11. Workers disliked the approach because
they are only given boring and repetitive
tasks
Strikes and industrial action occur by
dissatisfied workers as firms could lay off
workers due to increased productivity
levels.

12. Mayo’s Human
Relations

13. Mayo believed that workers are not only concerned about
money but could be better motivated if their social needs
were met.
Mayo introduced the Humans Relations School of Thought,
which focuses on managers taking more of an interest in
workers, treating them as people who have worthwhile
opinions and realising workers enjoy interacting together.
Therefore, there is more two-way communication
between managers and workers. His theory most closely fits
in with a paternalistic management style.

14. Better communication
Meet workers social needs
Team work
Greater management involvement in
workers life

15. Managers make decisions in best
interests of workers after
consultation
(Definition)

16. Herzberg’s Two
Factory

17. Herzberg argued that there are certain factors that a
business could introduce that could either motivate or de-
motivate employees to work harder.
MOTIVATORS are concerned with the actual job itself, including
how interesting it is, opportunities, responsibilities, recognition
and promotion.
HYGIENE FACTORS are factors that ‘surround the job’, including
reasonable pay and safe working conditions. These factors are
desired but would not motivate workers.
This theory uses democratic management style.

18. Workers allowed to make their
own decisions. Some businesses
run on the basis of majority
deicisons
(Definition)