7. Ford_Dunton_TSN_CRM.pdf

PROFINET over TSN
PI UK „What Happened to PROFIBUS?“
Ford Dunton

2
PROFIBUS& PROFINETInternational(PI) 2
PROFIBUS& PROFINETInternational(PI)
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Ford Dunton| PROFINETover TSN | February 2023
Secured converged networks
1
What is Time Sensitive Networking?
2
TSN features
3
TSN integration
4
PROFINET over TSN Device integration
5
Migration scenarios
6
Conclusion
7
© 2022
Agenda

3
.
PICC Berlin | PROFINETover TSN | September 2022
Industrie 4.0 – Future of industrial automation
© 2022
Four basic principles to enable Plug & Produce for Industrie 4.0
Connectivity and Communication
▪ Easy access to data from sensors, devices, machines, productions cells, …
Information transparency
▪ Create information out of data by adding semantics
Technical Assistance
▪ Ability of assistance systems to support humans, e. g. by augmented reality
Decentralization of Decisions
▪ Ability to make decisions and perform tasks as autonomous as possible
-> all together based on a converged network

4
.
Requirements for
secured converged networks
© 2022
• IT and OT devices in one network sharing QoS
• Applications can be engineered, implemented and deployed independently from the
network
• Self-protecting network e.g. against wrong connections, unexpected devices or network load
• Dynamic adaption: plug and produce (AGV, …), topology changes, extensions for IT and OT
devices
• Network provides required QoS for the applications
• Efficient bandwidth utilization for OT and IT communication
• Link speeds from 10 Mbit/s up to 10 Gbit/s and Link speed transitions
• Topologies: ring, line, tree, star and combinations
• Media types: fiber, copper and radio (e.g. wireless and 5G)
• Bridges with up to 255 ports
• Scalable availability for the network and the devices e.g. by media, network and device
redundancy
• Reliable and accurate time synchronization for site, plant, line, cell and machine

5
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Different industries,
different secured converged networks?
© 2022
One secured converged network needs to cover concurrently the
requirements of the different industrial verticals
Factory Automation Process Automation Motion Control Camera Integration Worker Environment

6
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Quantities for secured converged networks
© 2022
A vehicle manufacturing facility uses more than 50,000
Ethernet nodes in manufacturing.
Bigger production cells implement Layer 2 networks with up
to 1000 nodes.
Automation devices requires up to 2000 streams or time-
sensitive streams. This number doubles if seamless
redundancy is demanded.
Multiple wireless connected AGVs or robots are entering and
leaving the production cell concurrently.
Flexible production requires adding and removing of
machines or machine-parts, AGVs, and robots or robot-tools
without production disturbance.

7
.
1
2
TSN features
3
TSN integration
4
5
Migration szenarios
6
Conclusion
7
© 2022
Agenda

8
.
Time Sensitive Networking
Mechanisms to guarantee quality of service
© 2022
▪ TSN is a set of mechanisms (toolbox) specified by IEEE802 to improve the quality of
service (QoS) of Ethernet
▪ TSN mechanisms reside in Layer 2 of Ethernet
▪ TSN can be used to enables convergent and reliable networks
▪ IEC/IEEE 60802 – TSN Industrial Automation Profile selects from the TSN toolbox and
adds Netconf/YANG (IETF) based manufacturer independent configuration
▪ PN / OPC UA / others refer to the TSN Industrial Automation Profile and provides FAL
▪ TSN is not another Ethernet
based fieldbus.
▪ Need for a Fieldbus Application
Layer.
What is TSN?
What TSN is not?

9
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Why Standard Ethernet is not real-time capable?
What are the TSN toolbox elements?
© 2022
▪ Congestion (up to congestion loss) at an egress
port creates latency variation* for real-time
frames
▪ Single frames occupying an egress port creates
latency variation* for real-time frames
▪ Remedy:
▪ Reduce or avoid latency variation
▪ Pre-calculated frame scheduling from end to end
▪ Higher data rate and more headroom
▪ Dedicated networks for real-time
▪ Reduce occupation of an egress port in case of real-time
traffic
A switch is like a roundabout (here: left-hand traffic)
* Bandwidth (100MBit, Gbit, ..) - Length and network load of the RT&TCP/IP telegrams - Number of switches connected in series - etc.
Egress port

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TSN – How standard Ethernet becomes real-time
capable …
© 2022
# IEEE/IEC/IETF Description Details Status
1 61158-x-10 PROFINET V2.4 Integration of TSN into PROFINET Released
2 60802 Industrial Automation Profile Selection of tools out of TSN toolbox for industrial automation In work
IEEE standards
3 802.1AB-2016 Link layer neighborhood Neighborhood detection Released
4 802.1AS-2020 Time synchronization Multiple synchronization domains Released
5 802.1Q-2018 Streams Robust routing of streams within the network Released
6 802.1Q-2018 Scheduled Traffic Scheduling of different traffic classes Released
7 802.1Q-2018
802.3-2018
Frame Preemption RT streams interrupt TCP/IP streams Released
8 802.1Qdj Configuration Enhancements Resolve missing definitions in 802.1Q and 802.1Qcc for network and stream configuration In work
9 802.1CB-2017 Seamless Redundancy Stream identification and translation Released
IETF standards
10 IETF RFCs Netconf Selection of protocols for configurationof a Ethernet interface and/or bridge Released
11 IETF RFCs YANG models Selection of data models for configurationof a Ethernet interface and/or bridge Released
12 IETF RFCs Security Selection of protocols and data models for configurationof Security Released

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IEC/IEEE 60802 – standards for a
secured converged network
© 2022
▪ TSN Industrial Automation Profile
▪ Selects functionality from
▪ IEC, IEEE 802 und IETF standards
▪ Selects configuration models from
▪ IEEE 802 und IETF standards
▪ Provides digital data sheets (online and offline) covering
▪ Device description including Conformance Class
▪ Device capabilities and functionalities
▪ Is the basis for the IEC61802 test case specification
▪ Defines test for Conformance Class and
Device capabilities and functionalities
IEC/IEEE 60802
TSN Automation Profile
Defines
selection
from
End station
Conformance
Classes
Bridge
Conformance
Classes
Defines
Defines
Integrates
TSN
profile
PROFINET specification
IEEE
802.1
IEEE
802.3
IETF RFC
...
IEC
Standard
...
YANG
Modell ...
...
IEC
61802
Test
specification
Defines
test
Defines
test
Defines
test
End station Modell Bridge Modell
Integrates
TSN
profile
Integrates
TSN
profile

12
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1
2
TSN features
3
TSN integration into PROFINET standard
4
5
Migration szenarios
6
Conclusion
7
© 2022
Agenda

13
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Resource protection
© 2022
▪ Quality of service require the control of the available resources
▪ Available resources need to be protected
▪ Egress frames buffers at an egress port of a bridges
▪ Filtering database entries at a bridge
▪ Maximum congestion at an egress port of a bridge
▪ How is this protection implemented?
▪ Ingress rate limiter at the TSN domain boundary control the
data flow into the TSN domain
▪ Priority regeneration at the TSN domain boundary assigns
inbound traffic to best effort traffic classes
▪ Network Management Entity negotiates with the end
stations inside the TSN domain their network access
TSN Domain
TDME
Boundary
Boundary
Boundary
Boundary
NME

14
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1
2
TSN features
3
TSN integration
4
5
Migration szenarios
6
Conclusion
7
© 2022
Agenda

15
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Architecture with TSN
© 2022
Existing PROFINET services
Configuration, parametrization, diagnostics
Profiles: PROFIsafe, PROFIdrive,
PROFIenergy, etc.
Simple TSN configuration
Support of plug & produce
Optional expected topology configuration
Unified network model
Isochronous und non-isochronous
applications possible
Flexible topologies not requiring “isles”
Selectable data rates and media for Ethernet
IEEE 802 – 2021 version of
IEEE 802.1AB, IEEE 802.1AS, IEEE 802.1CB,
IEEE 802.1Q, and IEEE 802.3
PROFINET
10 MBit/s, 100 MBit/s, 1 GBit/s, 2,5 GBit/s, 5 Gbit/s, and 10 GBit/s
IP
TCP / UDP
OPC UA
PROFINET Profiles
(PROFIdrive, PROFIsafe, etc.)
OPC UA
Companion
Customer App
IEEE/IEC
60802
TSN-IA
Profile
Middleware
App
NETCONF over TLS, YANG models,
including Security
Middleware n
TSN-IA Profile adaption
Real Time Access
TSN
RT
IRT

16
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Network Configuration Model
© 2022
PROFINET Controller PROFINET Application Relation
Network Configuration
Network
Management
Engine
(IEC/IEEE
60802)
PROFINET
Device
(Bridge)
Eth
PROFINET
Device
(Bridge)
Eth
PROFINET
Device
(Bridge)
Eth
The PROFINET Controller integrates a
Network Management Engine
The Network Management Engine
provides topology detection, path
planning and network configuration
PROFINET provides Plug & Play networks
even in motion control applications
The handling of todays engineering tools
stays untouched
This approach corresponds to the
upcoming TSN-IA Profil (IEC/IEEE 60802)
Eth
CIM
CIM
CIM
CIM
CIM: Communication Interface Management

17
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End station device model
TSN Industrial Automation Profile – End Station
© 2022
▪ PROFINET defines an end station model based on the IEEE802 and IETF
definitions
▪ Authentication and encryption -> PROFIsec based on selected IETF
standards and algorithms
▪ Seamless redundancy -> IEEE802.1CB end station FRER
▪ Cyclic triggered transmission -> IEEE802.1Q Time aware offset
control
▪ Network access -> IEEE802.1Q Queue based transmission selection
algorithm and IEEE802.1Q Enhancements for scheduled traffic
▪ Synchronization -> IEEE802.1AS for Working Clock and Global Time
▪ Optimized bandwidth usage -> IEEE802.1Q Frame preemption
▪ Configuration -> IEEE802 and IETF standards
▪ Conformance Classes -> PROFINET covering all Conformance Classes
▪ Unchanged application interface for PROFINET applications
pMAC eMAC
Preemptable
transmission selection
Express
transmission selection
PHY
Enhancements for scheduled traffic
(Time aware shaping)
QBTA
=SP
QBTA
=SP
QBTA
=SP
QBTA
=SP,
ETS
QBTA
=SP,
ETS
QBTA
=SP,
ETS
QBTA
=SP,
ETS
QBTA
=SP,
ETS
Queuing frames
Queue
management
Local
clock
or
Working
clock
HIGH LOW RT Non-stream
– 10-100%
Ethernet
interface
model
TimeAwareOffset control
Transmission trigger either frame or frame group based
Application
Cyclic frame transmission Acyclic communication
End
station
model
Gate
control
Frame elimination and replication
Authentication and encrypted authentication
PPM
model
PROFINET
(in IEC/IEEE 60802 called Middleware shim)

18
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Bridge device model
TSN Industrial Automation Profile – Bridge
© 2022
▪ PROFINET defines a bridge model based on the IEEE802 and IETF
definitions
▪ Authentication and encryption -> PROFIsec based on selected IETF
standards and algorithms
▪ Seamless redundancy -> IEEE802.1CB end station and network FRER
▪ Cyclic triggered transmission -> IEEE802.1Q Time aware offset
control
▪ Network access -> IEEE802.1Q Queue based transmission selection
algorithm and IEEE802.1Q Enhancements for scheduled traffic
▪ Synchronization -> IEEE802.1AS for Working Clock and Global Time
▪ Optimized bandwidth usage -> IEEE802.1Q Frame preemption
▪ Configuration -> IEEE802 and IETF standards
▪ Conformance Classes -> PROFINET covering all Conformance Classes
▪ Domain boundary control -> IEEE802.1Q / MEF 10.3 Ingress rate
limiter
▪ PROFINET specific extension -> IEC61158 Type 10 RED_Relay for IRT
forwarding [for Conformance Class C]
▪ Unchanged application interface for PROFINET applications
Bridge component
Port n+1
Port 1 Port n
End station component
implementing
Bridge Management Entity
Port 1
Bridge system with higher layer management entity
Forwarding process
Internal or
management
port
IEEE 802 LAN or
other interface
System
(bridge)
management
entity
IRT Forwarding RED_RELAY
Working
Clock and
Global Time

19
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Traffic classes
© 2022
▪ Four traffic categories
▪ Time-aware stream
▪ Stream
▪ Traffic engineered non-stream
▪ Non-stream
▪ Eight traffic classes
▪ Three stream classes
▪ Five non-stream classes
Traffic class Attributes
HIGH Control loop - Time-aware stream
Periodic executed traffic,defined deadline, zero congestion loss, seamless redundancy,
assigned path
LOW Real time - Time-aware stream
Periodic executed traffic,zero congestionloss, seamless redundancy, assigned path
RT Real time - Stream
Periodic executed traffic,traffic class assigned bandwidth,learned path (spanning tree)
NW Networkcontrol - Trafficengineered non-stream
Sporadic executed traffic,traffic class assigned bandwidth,learned path (spanning tree)
EV Events and Alarms - Traffic engineered non-stream
CO Connection Management - Traffic engineered non-stream
BEH Best Effort High - non-stream
BEL Best Effort Low - non-stream

20
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Conclusion
© 2022
▪ PROFINET is well prepared to provide or be integrated into a
secured converged networks based on TSN Industrial Automation
profile.

21
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1
2
TSN features
3
TSN integration
4
5
Migration szenarios
6
Conclusion
7
© 2022
Agenda

22
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PROFINET Stack vs PROFINET Stack with TSN
PICC Berlin | PROFINETover TSN | September 2022 © 2022
2: Data link layer
1: Physical layer
3: Network layer
4: Transport layer
7: Application
6: Presentation
5: Session
IEEE 802 – 2016 Version of
IEEE802.1AB, IEEE802.1AS, IEEE802.1Q,
IEEE802.3 extended by IEC61158-x-10 „IRT“
PROFINET FAL
(IO, alarms, records, etc.)
100 MBit/s
IP
TCP / UDP
OPC UA
PROFINET Profiles
PROFINET Customer App
IEEE 802 – 2020 Version of
IEEE802.1AB, IEEE802.1AS, IEEE802.1Q,
IEEE802.3 extended by IEC61158-x-10 „IRT“
PROFINET
FAL
10 MBit/s, 100 MBit/s,
1 GBit/s, 2,5 GBit/s, …, 10 GBit/s
IP
TCP / UDP
OPC UA
PROFINET Profiles
PROFINET Customer App
IEEE/IEC 60802
TSN-IA Profile
TSN
OPC UA
Companion
Customer App
OPC UA
Companion
Customer App
+ MAU-types

23
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Interaction TSN standard, PROFINET, certification
© 2022
Other
protocol
Other profiles
Aerospace
AVB
Automotive
TSN-IA Profile IEC/IEEEE 60802
IEEE 802.1-2020 TSN Standard
TSN-IA Profile
Test
IEC 61802
Product
certification
PROFINET is already prepared for the new TSN-IA profile

24
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PROFINET Conformance Classes (CC)
© 2022
not synchronized
CC-C = CC-B plus
Synchronous
Communication
Transmission physics:
Cu, FO
Synchronized
CC-D = CC-B plus
- TSN (Standard Ethernet
acc. to IEEE 802.3 of 2020
with IEC/IEEE 60802)
- RSI
Application
PN-FAL: Fieldbus Application Layer
CC-A
Standard Ethernet
acc. to IEEE 802.3
Wireless, Cu, FO
CC-B = CC-A
Plus Services to read
device related info, e.g.
topology
Cu, FO
10MBit / 100 Mbit /
1 GBit / … / 10 GBit
100 Mbit
10 / 100 Mbit

25
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TSN for Device development?
© 2022
PROFINET Device
Hardware
HAL peripheral drivers BSP
Middleware
(PN-Stack,
Operating System)
PROFINET Application
Eth MAC
Eth PHY
IEC/IEEE60802
TSN-IA-Profile
Prerequisites for TSN development
Hardware requirementsare known, and suitable Ethernet hardware is available
Ideal: IEC/IEEE 60802 TSN-IA profilereleased
A middleware, e.g., PROFINET, that masters the 60802 requirements
From a device developer's perspective, entering device development with
PROFINET CC-B (e.g., based on the new TSN hardware) or with PROFINET CC-C
is a preparation for a transition to PROFINET CC-D.
Customer offering: New features such as robustness, Plug&Produce, etc.
Combination of CC-A, CC-B and CC-D in one device possible
CC-C also possible by special HW
Further information at the technology providers
IEC/IEEE60802
TSN-IA-Profile
PROFIsafe PROFIdrive ...
The PROFINET application
remains unchanged!

26
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New in CC-D: RSI – Remote Service Interface
▪ New transport protocol for the PNIO services
▪ Replace CLRPC transport protocol
▪ On top of IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) - no IP protocol
▪ Mandatory for CC-D
© 2022
IT Applications
Z.B. HTTP,
PROFINETApplication
Non Real Time
Data
Real Time Data
TCP UDP
IP
Ethernet
Real time Switch
RT / IRT / TSN
RPC
RTA:
Real Time
Access
RSI:
Remote
Service
Interface
IEEE Ethernet TSN
PROFINET
I/O
Config/Diagnose
PN IO / TCP/IP / OPC UA PN IO / TCP/IP / OPC UA
R
S
I
PN Device
▪ PROFINET stack integration independent of IP
properties of the target system
▪ Optional IP communication for additional services
such as OPC, Web, ...
Scalable
products by
IP, OPC,… as
add-on
OPC UA
TCP
IP

27
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IEEE Ethernet TSN
PROFINET
I/O
Config./Diagnose
R
S
I
IEEE Ethernet TSN
PROFINET
I/O
Config./Diagnose
OPC UA
TCP/IP
(best effort)
R
S
I
Consequences for access
▪ Local direct access (e.g. diagnosis, parameters)
similar now via Layer 2 (RSI) instead of IP
▪ Access from outside via GW (controller
integrated / separate)
Edge-GW
Additional optional IP communication for
additional services such as OPC, Web,...
Note:
PN-OPC UA Mapping
is standardized
Scalable
products
by IP,
OPC, … as
add-on

30
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Brownfield:
Plant with CC-B and spare parts CC-B/D (RT mode)
© 2022
PROFINET CC-B
PROFINET CC-B/D
IEEE802
If new devices are CC-B/D compliant, they can be
replaced in existing systems in a manner compatible
with the replacement parts
TSN features are not used in existing systems

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Migration: Setting up systems with PROFINET via TSN
Interaction of CC-D (TSN) and CC-B field devices
© 2022
PROFINET CC-B
PROFINET CC-B/D
IEEE802
PROFINET CC-D
To be able to establish a TSN stream between two
devices, all devices involved must be TSN compliant.
Devices without TSN prevent the possibility to establish
TSN streams.
TSN domain

32
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Greenfield: Set up new systems with TSN
Operation with 60802 compliant devices
© 2022
PROFINET CC-B
PROFINET CC-B/D
(60802 compliant)
60802 compliant
IEEE802 w/o 60802
PROFINET CC-D
(60802 compliant)
If all PROFINET devices in the network are CC-D
compliant and the network infrastructure is also 60802
compliant, a pure CC-D controller can also be used.

33
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Unlock the potential with
PROFINET devices available today
▪ There are 40 million PROFINET nodes worldwide today.
▪ These can benefit from a TSN network
© 2022

34
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Handling of traffic in the TSN domain
© 2022
TSN Domain
At the domain boundaries:
▪ Controlling the ingress of frames into the TSN domain's
network.
Inside the domain:
▪ TSN streams are reserved in the domain.
▪ Further ingress data traffic such as OPC UA client/server, HTTP, etc. is
also limited in analogous to the domain boundary.
TSN is the robust foundation for PROFINET
Special feature of PROFINET devices
▪ PROFINET devices have a defined behavior from which the
resource consumption can be derived.
▪ Therefore a relaxed ingress control can be supported for these
devices.

36
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Roadmap:
Time scope from Spec to Usage
© 2022
OEM
Use
Machine-/
Plant
Update / New Production
PI
PROFINET-Spec V2.4
06/2019
Certification V2.4
04/2020
V2.4
MU1
V2.41 / IECEE
IEEE
TSN
IEEE
802.1-2018 IEEE / IEC 60802
2018
“Some time
from the Spec to
the Usage”
Controller
Devices System– Integration A
Device – Integration B
Device – Integration C
Device – Integration ..
Scheduled by
manufacturers
Dev-Kit / HW/ FW-Stack
Dev-Kit / HW/ FW-Stack Y
Dev-Kit / HW/ FW-Stack X
Dev-Kit ...
Scheduled by
supplier
Various Tech
Provider
Various
Manufacturer
V2.4
MU2, ….

37
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Summary
TSN introduces a new conformance class in
the PROFINET environment: CC-D
PROFINET supports Plug & Produce
PROFINET stands for OT/IT convergence
The PLC program as well as the device app
can be reused with PROFINET over TSN.
Alarms, diagnostics, access to I/O data remain
the same.
© 2022
https://www.profibus.com/technology/
industrie-40/profinet-over-tsn
PROFINET over TSN is the foundation for Industrie 4.0

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7. Ford_Dunton_TSN_CRM.pdf

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7. Ford_Dunton_TSN_CRM.pdf