How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League City
riveting-191116181211.pdf
1. RIVETING
SUBMITTED BY – SUCHETAN SHARMA ANSH AGARWAL
NAVEEN SHARMA MOHD. HAMZA
AZHAR AHMAD ALTAF AHMAD
AMAN RAJ KRISHNA
2. WHAT IS A RIVET?
• A RIVET IS A PERMANENT MECHANICAL FASTENER. BEFORE BEING
INSTALLED, A RIVET CONSISTS OF A SMOOTH CYLINDRICAL SHAFT
WITH A HEAD ON ONE END.
• RIVETS ARE STURDY, EFFECTIVE AND A PERMANENT FASTENER OPTION
FOR A BROAD RANGE OF APPLICATIONS.
3. PARTS OF RIVETS
• RIVET HEAD: THE HEAD HAS A GREATER DIAMETER THAN THE HOLE THE
RIVET IS INSERTED INTO, TO ACT AS A FASTENER ON ONE SIDE OF THE
MATERIAL BEING RIVETED.
• RIVET PIN: THE PIN SLOTS THROUGH THE CORRESPONDING HOLES IN THE
TWO PIECES OF MATERIAL THAT ARE BEING RIVETED TOGETHER.
• RIVET END: THE RIVET END EVENTUALLY BECOMES ANOTHER RIVET HEAD
WHEN IT IS EXPANDED USING FORCE. THE RIVET END WILL BE HIT WITH A
HAMMER OR SHAPED INTO A HEAD USING A RIVET SNAP.
RIVET TAIL RIVET SHANK RIVET HEAD
4. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• SMALL SCALE RIVETS ARE MANUFACTURED BY USING METAL WIRES.
• THE WIRE AFTER HAVING BEEN CUT IN THE DESIRED LENGTH IS THEN PUNCHED INTO
A DIE TWICE TO FORM A RIVET STEM.
• THE FORMED RIVET STEM IS THEN ROTATED BETWEEN SHARP EDGED ROLLING DIE TO
FORM GROOVES IN IT.
• THE NEXT MACHINE CREATES THE RIVET BODY BY CUTTING IT TO CORRECT LENGTH
AND FORCES IT TO DIES.IT TAKES 5 PUNCHES TO TRANSFORM SOLID WIRE INTO
HOLLOW RIVET BODY.
• AFTER WASHING THE STEM FOR OILY RESIDUES, THE STEMS ARE PUT INTO A FURNACE
AND COOLED TO REMOVE INTERNAL STRESSES AND ENHANCE STRENGTH.
5. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• AFTER ANNEALING, THE STEEL RIVET STEM IS PLATED WITH A NON RUSTING
MATERIAL.
• RIVET BODIES ARE THEN BROUGHT THROUGH A THIN CHANNEL THAT CAN BE
CHANGED IN DIAMETER, THIS IS DONE SO AS TO SEPARATE THE RIVETS WHICH
HAVE AN ERROR IN LENGTH, THE PERFECTLY SIZED RIVETS ARE CAUGHT BY A
MAGNET LOADER.
• THE RIVET STEMS ARE THEN LOADED INTO A CAROUSEL WHICH PAUSES BRIEFLY TO
INSERT A RIVET STEM IN THE RIVET BODY THUS COMPLETING THE PROCESS OF
MANUFACTURING.
VIDEO LINK – MANUFACTURING PROCESS
6. INSTALLATION –
1 .AIR HAMMER METHOD –
STEP 1 -MARK RIVET HOLES
STEP 2 - DRILL RIVET HOLES
STEP 3 – INSERT RIVETS INTO HOLE
STEP 4 – USE AIR HAMMER
MARK HOLES WHERE THE RIVETS SHOULD GO ,THEY SHOULD BE SPACED
EVERY COUPLE OF INCHES FOR THE BEST HOLDING POWER
RIVET HOLES ARE DRILLED , THE DIAMETER OF HOLES ARE MADE BIGGER THAN
THE SIZE OF RIVETS
ONCE HOLES ARE DRILLED ,BEGAN TO INSERT THE RIVETS
ONE PERSON IS NEEDED TO HOLD THE BUCKING BAR AT END OF SOLID
REVIT TO EASILY HAMMER IT ONTO THE FLAT SURFACE
7. STEP 1 - CLAMPING MATERIAL
CLAMP THE PIECES OF MATERIAL TOGETHER,
MAKING SURE THE THEY ARE IN LINE WITH
EACH OTHER, WITH NO GAPS
STEP 2 - DRILLING MATERIAL
ONCE THE MATERIAL IS CLAMPED AND IN PLACE, USING
THE RIGHT SIZED DRILL BIT, DRILL THROUGH THE
MATERIAL TO PRODUCE A HOLE FOR THE RIVET TO SLOT
THROUGH
STEP 3 - PLACING RIVET
PLACE THE PIN OF THE RIVET THROUGH THE
DRILLED HOLE SO THE HEAD AND MANDREL ARE
UPPERMOST
STEP 4 - PLACING RIVETER
PUSH THE NOZZLE OF THE RIVETER ONTO
THE MANDREL OF THE RIVET
STEP 5 - USING RIVET GUN
SQUEEZE THE HANDLES OF THE RIVETER TOGETHER.
THIS WILL PULL THE HEAD OF THE MANDREL INTO THE
RIVET, CAUSING THE END OF THE RIVET TO EXPAND
2. RIVET GUN METHOD
8. 3.HYDRAULIC REVATING
STEP 1 – DRILLING
THE STEEL SECTION IS PIERCED BY A DRILL MACHINE TO CREATE HOLES AT
A DEFINITE DISTANCE
STEP 2- HEATING OF RIVET
THE RIVET IS HEATED UPTO A TEMPERATURE OF 800- 900° C AND THEN
IS PLACED IN THE PIERCED HOLE
STEP 3 – USE OF HYDRAULICS
THE RIVET IS PRESSED ON BOTH ENDS BY HYDRAULIC MACHINE WITH A HEMISPHERICAL
HOLLOW WEDGE
ON BOTH ENDS DUE TO WHICH THE RIVET IS FIXED ON BOTH ENDS
11. SOLID :- ONE OF THE OLDEST RIVET AROUND,
THE CLASSIC SOLID RIVET , IT IS INCREDIBLY STRONG.
IT CONSIST OF MOST TAMPER PROOF AND VIBRANT
RESISTANT FASTNER AVAILABLE.
BLIND :- IDEAL FOR PROJECT WHERE ACCESS TO THE
JOINT IS LIMITED ALSO AVAILABLE IN STANDARD ,
STRUCTURAL AND CLOSED END.
SHOULDER :- SHOULDER RIVETS QUICKLY
AND INEXPENSIVELY JOIN WORK-PIECE MATERIALS
TOGETHER WHILE PERMITTING
ROTATION OF THE RIVETED WORK-PIECE.
12. TUBULAR :- THESE ARE SIMILAR TO SOLID RIVET BUT CONTAIN A
HOLE AT THE END OF RIVET OPPOSITE THE HEAD ,
IT ALSO REQUIRES LESS FORCE FOR APPLICATION AND ASSEMBLY.
SPLIT :- IT IS IDEAL FOR PIERCING THROUGHT SOFT
MATERIAL SUCH AS MOST WOOD, LEATHER
AND PLASTIC.
DRIVE :- IT IS A TYPE OF BLIND RIVET WITH A SHORT MANDREL
THAT PROTUDES FROM THE HEAD. ONCE THE DRIVE RIVET IS INSERTED
INTO A HOLE THE MANDRELIS DRIVEN WITH A HAMMER OR OTHER
IMPLIMENT TO FLARE OUT THE END OF THE RIVET I.E. INSIDE THE HOLE.
*MATERIALS- ALUMINIUM , IRON, STEEL, BRASS, COPPER & IRON.
13. RIVETING EXAMPLE :-
TUBULAR RIVET USED IN AIRCRAFTS
DRIVE RIVET USED IN UTENSILS
SOLID RIVET USED
IN BRIDGES
TUBULAR RIVET USED
IN JEANS POCKET
BLIND RIVET USED IN
BIKE / CYCLECHAIN
14. TYPES OF RIVET JOINTS
• SINGLE RIVET LAP JOINT
• DOUBLE RIVET LAP JOINT
• SINGLE – STRAP BUTT JOINT
• DOUBLE STRIAP BUTT JOINT
15. TYPE OF LAP JOINT
• SINGLE RIVET LAP JOINT :- THIS IS THE SIMPLEST OF ALL RIVETED JOINTS AND IS WIDELY
USED FOR JOINING BOTH THICK AND THIN PLATES. THEN A SINGLE ROW OF RIVETS,
CONVENIENTLY SPACED ALONG THE MIDDLE OF THE LAP, COMPLETES THE JOINT .
• DOUBLE RIVET LAP JOINT :- A LAP JOINT WITH TWO ROWS OF RIVETS IS KNOWN AS A
DOUBLE RIVETED LAP JOINT . THIS TYPE OF JOINT MAY HAVE THE TWO ROWS OF RIVETS
ARRANGED IN A SQUARE FORMATION. THIS IS KNOWN AS CHAIN RIVETING. IF THE
RIVETS ARE ARRANGED DIAGONALLY TO FORM TRIANGLES, THIS IS CALLED ZIG – ZAG
RIVETING .
16. TYPE OF BUTT JOINT
• SINGLE – STRAP BUTT JOINT:-IN THIS JOINTS, THERE IS ONLY ONE COVER PLATE USED SO
IT IS KNOWN AS SINGLE STRAP BUTT JOINT.
• DOUBLE STRIAP BUTT JOINT :-IN THIS JOINT COVER PLATES ARE USED BOTH SIDE OF THE
WORK PIECE, SO IT IS KNOWN AS DOUBLE STRAPS BUTT JOINT.
• DOUBLE, TRIPLE OR QUADRUPLE RIVETED: IN WHICH CASE THE CHAIN OR ZIG-ZAG
FORMATION MAY BE EMPLOYED.
17. APPLICATION
• RIVETING IS WIDELY USED IN CONDITION WHERE LIGHT WEIGHT AND HIGH STRENGTH ARE
CRITICAL. SUCH AS
• IN AIRCRAFT
• IN TOWER-TYPE BUILDINGS
• IN HULL OF SHIPS.
• IN TRAIN ENGINE BODIES
TRAIN ENGINE FRONT SIDE
RIVETING USED IN EIFFEL TOWER
RIVETING IN AIRCRAFTS
18. APPLICATION
• RIVETS ARE USED IN SMALL SCALE CONDITIONS ALSO BASED ON THE SAME PRINCIPLE. IT’S
SMALL SCALE USAGE IS IN THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS GENERALLY-
• IN JEAN’S POCKETS
• IN BUCKETS
• IN DOOR HANDLES.
IN ALL THE ABOVE CASES STRENGTH IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE WHILE KEEPING THE MATERIAL
PART LIGHTWEIGHT WHICH HAS BEEN ACHIEVED BY THE APPLICATION OF RIVETS.
RIVETING IN JEANS-POCKET REVIT USED IN BUCKET
RIVET USED IN DOOR HANDLE
19. ADVANTAGES OF RIVETING
• COST IS CHEAPER THAN MOST THREADED FASTENERS.
• LITTLE TRAINING IS REQUIRED FOR IT’S USE.
• IT HELPS IN JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS.
• IT IS AESTHETICALLY PLEASING.
• IT COMES IN A VARIETY OF SHAPES.
• IT HAS LOW MAINTENANCE COST.
• RIVETS HAVE A HIGH LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY.
• PLASTICS CAN ALSO BE JOINED.
• IT IS LEAK PROOF .
20. PREVENTION FOR DEFECTS IN RIVETED JOINTS
• USE THE CORRECT ALLOWANCE FOR EDGE CLEARANCE WHEN MARKING OUT.
• ALL DRILLED OR PUNCHED HOLES SHOULD BE MADE TO THE CORRECT
CLEARANCE SIZE TO SUIT THE RIVET DIAMETER OR AS SPECIFIED ON THE
DRAWING.
• REMOVE ANY ‘BURRS' FROM AROUND THE EDGES OF ALL HOLES BEFORE FINALLY
ASSEMBLING THE PARTS TO BE JOINED.
• ENSURE THAT HOLES ARE CORRECTLY ALIGNED AND MATCHED BEFORE
INSERTING THE RIVET.
• USE THE PROPER TYPE OF RIVET AS SPECIFIED ON THE DRAWING (CORRECT
LENGTH AND DIAMETER.
• WHEN INSERTING RIVETS, DO NOT ATTEMPT TO FORCE OR DRIVE THEM INTO THE
HOLE.
21.
22. FAILURES IN RIVETED JOINTS
CAUSE: DIAMETER OF RIVET TOO SMALL COMPARED WITH THICKNESS OF PLATE. THE DIAMETER
OF THE RIVET MUST BE GREATER THAN THE THICKNESS OF THE PLATE IN WHICH IT IS TO BE
INSERTED.
PREVENTION: SELECT THE CORRECT DIAMETER RIVET FOR THE THICKNESS OF THE PLATE.
CAUSE: DIAMETER OF RIVET TOO LARGE COMPARED WITH THICKNESS OF PLATE. THE RIVETS
WHEN DRIVEN TEND TO BULGE AND CRUSH THE METAL IN FRONT OF THEM.
PREVENTION: SELECT THE CORRECT DIAMETER RIVET FOR THE THICKNESS OF THE METAL PLATE.
23. FAILURES IN RIVETED JOINTS
CAUSE: RIVET HOLES PUNCHED OR DRILLED TOO NEAR EDGE OF PLATE. METAL IS LIKELY TO FAIL BY
SPLITTING IN FRONT OF THE RIVETS.
PREVENTION: DRILL OR PUNCH THE RIVET HOLES AT THE CORRECT EDGE DISTANCE AND USE THE
CORRECT LAP ALLOWANCE FOR THE DIAMETER OF RIVET SELECTED.
CAUSE: PLATES WEAKENED BY RIVET HOLES BEING TOO CLOSE TOGETHER. PLATES TEND TO
RUPTURE ALONG THE CENTER LINE OF THE RIVETS.
PREVENTION: PUNCH OR DRILL RIVET HOLES AT THE CORRECT SPACING OR 'PATCH'. IN ADDITION
REMOVE ALL BURRS FROM THE HOLES BEFORE FINAL ASSEMBLY.
