present of power point and feature

2. Definition of Qualitative and
Quantitative
Difference between Qualitative and
Quantitative
Example of Qualitative and
Quantitative
Outline

3. Qualitative and Quantitative
Research Methods

4. Qualitative Research
• Qualitative research gathers information that
is not in numerical form.
• The primary aim of a Qualitative Research is to
provide a complete, detailed description of
the research topic. It is usually more
exploratory in nature.

5. Quantitative Research
• Quantitative research gathers data in numerical form
which can be put into categories, or in rank order, or
measured in units of measurement.
• Quantitative Research on the other hand focuses
more in counting and classifying features and
constructing statistical models and figures to explain
what is observed.

6. Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research
Examples
Qualitative Research
Examples
• Application forms
• Closed ended
Questionnaires
• IQ Tests
• Measurements
• Diary accounts
• Document review
• Open ended Questionnaires
• Unstructured interviews
• Unstructured observations

8. Qualitative Methods Quantitative Methods
Methods include focus groups, in-depth
interviews, and reviews of documents for
types of themes
Surveys, structured interviews &
observations, and reviews of records or
documents for numeric information
Primarily inductive process used to
formulate theory or hypotheses
Primarily deductive process used to test
pre-specified concepts, constructs, and
hypotheses that make up a theory
More subjective More objective
Text-based Number-based
More in-depth information on a few cases Less in-depth but more breadth of
information across a large number of
cases

9. Qualitative Methods Quantitative Methods
Unstructured or semi-structured
response options
Fixed response options
No statistical tests Statistical tests are used for analysis
Can be valid and reliable: largely
depends on skill and rigor of the
researcher
Can be valid and reliable: largely
depends on the measurement device or
instrument used
Less generalizable More generalizable
Smaller & not randomly selected Larger & randomly selected.
Document review ,Participant
observations , Interviews , Focus group ¤
Workshops
Application forms , Questionnaires ,IQ
Tests , Measurements

10. Qualitative Methods Quantitative Methods
complex and broad narrow
Develops theory Tests theory
Basic element of analysis—words,
narrative
Basis of knowing—cause and
effect relationships
Basic element of analysis—words,
narrative
Basic element of analysis—
numbers and statistical analysis

11. Examples of Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Research question Unit of analysis Methodology
What is the impact of a learner-
centered hand washing program on a
group of 2nd graders?
Paper and pencil test
resulting in hand washing
scores
Quantitative
What is the effect of crossing legs on
blood pressure measurement?
Blood pressure
measurements before and
after crossing legs resulting
in numbers
Quantitative

12. What are the experiences of black
fathers concerning support for their
wives/partners during labor?
Unstructured interviews with
black fathers (5 supportive, 5
non-supportive): results left
in narrative form describing
themes based on nursing for
the whole person theory
Qualitative
What is the experience of hope in
women with advances ovarian
cancer?
Semi-structures interviews
with women with advances
ovarian cancer (N-20).
Identified codes and
categories with narrative
examples
Qualitative

13. References
• Minichiello, V. (1990). In-Depth Interviewing:
Researching People. Longman Cheshire.
• blog/what-is-the-difference-between-
qualitative-research-and-quantitative-research

14. Thank you 