Currently, blind people use a traditional cane as a tool for directing them when they move from one place to another. Although, the traditional cane is the most widespread means that is used today by the visually impaired people, it could not help them to detect dangers from all levels of obstacles. In this context, we propose a new intelligent system for guiding individuals who are blind or partially sighted. The system is used to enable blind people to move with the same ease and confidence as a sighted people. The system is linked with a GSM-GPS module to pin-point the location of the blind person and to establish a two way communication path in a wireless fashion. Moreover, it provides the direction information as well as information to avoid obstacles based on ultrasonic sensors. A beeper, an accelerometer sensor and vibrator are also added to the system. The whole system is designed to be small, light and is used in conjunction with the white cane. The results have shown that the blinds that used this system could move independently and safely.

1. Navigation System For Blind People
Using GSM,GPS Techniques
By,
Aravind M.K Prajwal V
Prasanna kumara G Prateek Anand

2. Introduction
The system facilitates blind people to navigate independently
without any external help.
The system is linked with a GSM-GPS module to pin-point the
location of the blind person and to establish a two way
communication path in a wireless fashion.
The system is equipped with obstacle sensors such as
ultrasonic and IR sensor to alert the blind person .
 Temperature sensor is used to monitor the body
temperature of blind person and alert via gsm module.

3. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

4. HARDWARE COMPONENTS:
 PIC16F877A Microcontroller.
 Ultrasonic sensor - Around 50cm ranged obstacle
detection.
 IR sensor - around 5cm ranged obstacle detection.
 MEMS device – accidental shock indication.
 Temperature sensor (LM35) – Body Temperature
detection .
 Color sensor (TCS3200)
 GPS Module
 GSM module(GSM 900)
 Buzzer

5. PIC16F877A Microcontroller :
• 40 pin IC
• 8 bit based on Harvard
architecture.
• 35 simple word instructions .
• voltage range - 2.0-5.56 volts
high sink or source capable
of addressing 8K*14 bit
program memory space.

6. ULTRASONIC SENSOR:
• Detects obstacle around 50cm range.
• operates between 25 kHz and 500 kHz.
• 5v operating voltage.

7. IR Sensors
• Used in module to detect obstacle in 5cm range.
• An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits
and/or detects infrared radiation in order to sense some
aspect of its surroundings.

8. COLOUR SENSOR (TCS3200 ):
• A complete color detector, including a TAOS TCS3200 RGB sensor chip and
4 white LEDs. The TCS3200 can detect and measure a nearly limitless
range of visible colors.
• TCS3200 has an array of photodetectors, each with either a red, green, or
blue filter, or no filter (clear).
• which produces a square-wave output whose frequency is proportional to
the intensity of the chosen color.

9. TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM35) :
• Calibrated directly in Celsius
• 0.5 degree Celsius accuracy .
• Rated for full -55*C to 150*C.
• Operates from 4V to 30V.
• Low impedance output ,0.1Ω for 1 mA Load.

10. MEMS Sensor
• Detects the accidental shocks.
• contains micro-circuitry on a tiny silicon chip into which
some mechanical device such as a mirror or a sensor has
been manufactured.

11. GSM SIM900
• Delivers GSM/GPRS 850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for
voice, SMS, & Data.
• Quad - band GSM/GPRS module with a size of
24mmx24mmx3mm.
• Dimensions: 24* 24 * 3 mm.
• Control via AT commands (GSM 07.07 ,07.05 and SIMCOM
enhanced AT Commands).
• Supply voltage range 3.4 ... 4.5 V.

12. GPS module Skynav SKM58
• Accuracy - 3.0m
• Center frequency - 1575 ± 3 Mhz
• Bandwidth - 10MHz min
• Polarization – RHCP
• Operational Limits
Altitude – max 18,000m.
velocity- max 515m/s.
• VCC - 3.0-4.2 V.

13. SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE:

14. SIMULATION
Project simulation is done using software LXK Proteus 7.6 SP0 v2.0.1

15. ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS
ADVANTAGES
• The system enables the blind people to move with the same ease and
confidence as sighted people.
• Since the system is linked with the GSM and GPS module it provides the
direction information.
• Avoid the obstacle based on ultrasonic sensor
• Facilitates the easier communication in case of emergency.
LIMITATION
• It is bulky to carry.
• MEMS device being very sensitive it may send faulty message during
accidental cases .
• Requirement of power source.