1. Research Design

2. What is research design ?
Why we need research design ?
Why it is important ?
How it is helpful ?

3. Research Design in lemon
language
 A detailed outline of how an investigation will
take place.
 How data is to be collected
 Different problems, different solutions
 What, how instrument will be used and the
intended means for analysing data collected.

4. Helpful
 Provides answer to question such as,What,
Where,When, How much, are they related to
research problem.
 A framework or blueprint for conducting the
projects.
 Guide the investigation.

5. Definition
According SUCHMAN
“Research Design is not a highly specific plan to
be followed without deviation, but rather
series of guidepost to keep one headed in one
direction.”

6. Classification of Research
Design

7. Commonly Known as
 Exploratory Research is familiar known as
“Qualitative Research Approach”,
 While Conclusive is known as “Quantitative
Research”.

8. Exploratory Research Design
 Provides insight into the general nature of a
problem.
 Exploratory research design is mainly aimed
to explore or to gain a new or deeper
understanding about particular problem.
 In exploratory researchers usually use more
flexible and using unstructured questions in
the measurement tools.

9. When should we use exploratory
research?
 Screening alternative.
 Establish priorities for further research.
 To help define research problems more
clearly,
 To help identify all possible alternative
answers,
 To help researchers build a deeper
hypothesis.

10. Methods
 Survey of expert
 Analysis of secondary
 Pilot studies
 Dept interviews

11. Conclusive Research Design
 In contrast with exploratory research design,
conclusive research uses more formal and
structured questions,
 In conclusive research design we will be
required to use some quantitative
calculations.

12. When should we use conclusive
research design?
 conclusive research is the best suit research design
for research with many statistical equations and it
can provide you a fix number about particular
material,
 so that it is commonly used in helping you make a
decision based on an absolute number
 When your research is related to market study (such
as to measure market share, market size, distributor
available, and consumers’ profile), sales (e.g., a
study to measure the effect of packaging on the
consumers’ intention to buy), and to market test.

13. What are included in conclusive
research designed?
 Causal Research
 Descriptive Research

14. Causal Research
 Commonly, there are two purposes of causal
research.
 First, it helps researcher to figure out the
nature of that relationship – which factor
becomes the cause and the effect,
 Second, researcher can use this design to
observe respondents even they who have
never experienced the phenomena being
researched by conducting an experiment

15. Descriptive Research
 The description of something usually market
characteristics or functions.
 Basic assumption in this research design is
the researchers have already figured out the
problem.
 Includes studies on the market, market share,
sales analysis, product image usage,
distribution, pricing, advertising.

16. Method
 Secondary data
 Surveys
 Observation data
 Internet

17. Descriptive Research is split
in to
 Cross-sectional research,
 Longitudinal research.

18. Cross-sectional research
 Collecting of information from any given
sample of the population elements only once
“Snapshot”.
 It is a descriptive research design where data
is taken only once in a given time.
 Often a large representative sample.

19. Cross-sectional includes
 Data can be taken from a group of
respondents (single cross-sectional design),
 From several different groups of respondent
(multiple cross-sectional design).

20. Longitudinal research
 A type of research design involving a fixed
sample of population elements(i.e.-Panel)
which is measured repeatedly over time.
 Measures changes over time.
 Some potential problems include respondent
refuse to co-operate, mortality, response bias
and possible payment.

21. Longitudinal research
 Data are captured during a certain time
interval from the same group of respondents.
 This research aims to see whether there are
changes in the behaviour of the respondents
for a period of time.
 For example, researchers want to know how
consumer of an airline will behave during the
holiday season.

22. THANK YOU