Copy of M.Des_SODMCA_FinalProjectReportTemplate_DOD.docx

“STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFICATION AND INTERVENTION OF MENTAL HEALTH
ISSUES AMONG SCHOOL-GOING ADOLESCENTS IN INDIA”
M. Des. In “Strategic innovation and design”
Student Name Pragya Pradhan
USN 21MDR00002
Academic Mentor Mr. Chiranjit
JUNE – 2023
SCHOOL OF DESIGN MEDIA AND CREATIVE ARTS
Jain (Deemed to be) University
BENGALURU -562 157

Certificate
This is to certify that the Project titled_______________________________
is a bonafide work carried out in the School of Design Media and Creative
Arts by Ms/Mr.____________________________________ _ bearing
USN.______________ __ in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award
of M. Des. Degree in “Program Name” at Jain (Deemed to be) University.
JUNE - 2023
Mr. Sachin Jayaprakash
Program Head – Masters Program
Dr. Suman Devadula
Associate Professor and Dep. Director
Mr. Chiranjit
Academic Mentor

Declaration
“Strategy for identification and intervention of mental health issues among school-
going adolescents in India”
The project work is submitted in partial fulfillment of academic requirements for the
award of M. Des. Degree in the School of Design Media and Creative Arts of the
School of Design Media and Creative Arts of Jain (Deemed to be) University. The
project report submitted herewith is a result of our own work and in conformance to
the guidelines as laid out in the University. All sections of the text and results which
have been obtained from other sources are fully referenced. I understand that cheating
and plagiarism constitute a breach of University regulations.
USN Student Name Signature
21MDR00002 Pragya Pradhan
Date : JUNE 2023

Acknowledgements
I am extremely grateful to have had the opportunity to work on this project at School
of Design, Media and Creative Arts - Jain (Deemed to be University), Bangalore .
Firstly, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr. Sachin Jayaprakash for
providing me with the opportunity to work on this project. The experience gained
through this project has been invaluable in preparing me for a successful career.
I would also like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Sachin Jayaprakash and Mr.
Vijayabhaskar D for their constant support, guidance, and encouragement throughout
the project. Their expertise and knowledge helped me to complete the project
successfully and provided me with valuable insights that will stay with me for the rest
of my life.
I would like to thank the School of Design, Media and Creative Arts - Jain (Deemed to
be University), Bangalore for providing me with the necessary resources, facilities,
and infrastructure to complete the project. The guidance provided by the University
was invaluable in helping me to understand the industry practices and work culture.
Finally, I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my family and friends for their
unwavering support and encouragement throughout this project.
Once again, I extend my sincere thanks to everyone who has contributed to the
successful completion of this project.

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Abstract
Mental health problems are common among school-going adolescents in India.
A recent study found that 30% of adolescents in India have at least one mental
health problem, with the most common problems being depression, anxiety, and
behavioral problems. There are a number of risk factors for mental health
problems among adolescents in India, including poverty, family violence, and
academic stress.
There are a number of mental health interventions available for adolescents in
India, including individual therapy, group therapy, and family therapy. However,
access to these services is limited, and many adolescents with mental health
problems do not receive the help they need.
The government of India has taken some steps to address the issue of mental
health among adolescents, such as launching a national mental health program
and providing training to school teachers on how to identify and refer students
with mental health problems. However, more needs to be done to improve
access to mental health services for adolescents in India.
● The study by Malvika Sharma, Bratati Banerjee, and Suneela Garg was
published in the journal "Indian Journal of Pediatrics" in 2017 found that 30%
of adolescents in India had at least one mental health problem. The study
also found that girls were more likely than boys to have mental health
problems.
● The study by Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj, Giriyappa Dinesh Kumar, Shanthosh
Priyan, Marimuthu Yamini, Saya Ganesh Kumar, and Lakshminarayanan
Subitha was published in the journal "Indian Journal of Psychiatry" in 2018
found that 10% of adolescents in a rural area of Puducherry, South India had
social phobia. The study also found that girls were more likely than boys to
have social phobia.
● The study by Mehak Garg Pahwa, Balwant Singh Sidhu, and Rajinder Singh
Balgir was published in 2017 found that 25% of adolescents in Punjab, India
had at least one psychiatric disorder. The study also found that boys were
more likely than girls to have psychiatric disorders.

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These studies highlight the need for early identification and intervention for mental
health problems among adolescents in India. Schools, parents, and mental health
professionals can play a collaborative role to prevent and manage mental health
problems among adolescents in India. The government also has a crucial role to
play by providing accessible and affordable mental health services and promoting
awareness and education about mental health issues.

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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements i
Abstract 6
List of Figures
List of Table
Abbreviation and Acronyms iv
1. Introduction 1
2. Background Theory 2
2.1 Lorem Ipsum 2
2.1.1 Lorem Ipsum 2
2.1.2 Lorem Ipsum 2
2.2 Lorem Ipsum 2
2.3 Lorem Ipsum 3
3. Design Brief 4
3.1 Title 4
3.2 Aim 4
3.3 Objective 4
3.4 Methods and Methodology/Approach to attain each objective 4
3.5 Project Timeline 4
4. Review of Literature 5
5. Data Collection and Analysis 6
4.1 Lorem Ipsum 6
4.1.1 Lorem Ipsum 6
4.1.2 Lorem Ipsum 6
4.2 Lorem Ipsum 6
5. Ideation 7
5.1 Lorem Ipsum 7
5.1.1 Lorem Ipsum 7
5.1.2 Lorem Ipsum 7
5.2 Lorem Ipsum 7

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5.2.1 Lorem Ipsum 8
6. Prototyping 9
7.1 Lorem Ipsum 9
7.1.1 Lorem Ipsum 9
7.1.2 Lorem Ipsum 9
7.2 Lorem Ipsum 9
7.3 Lorem Ipsum 10
7.3.1 Lorem Ipsum 10
7.3.2 Lorem Ipsum 10
7. Poster 11
9. Conclusions and Future Work 12
9.1 Conclusion 12
9.2 Future Work 12
Reference 13
Appendix-A 14

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List of Figures
Table 1 Methods and Methodology 4
Table 2 Methods and Methodology Error! Bookmark not defined.
List of Table
Abbreviation and Acronyms

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1. Introduction
Adolescence is a period of significant physical, emotional, and social
development. It is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood, and it can be
a time of great stress and anxiety.
Mental health problems are common among adolescents in India. Studies have
shown that up to 50% of adolescents in India experience some form of mental
health problem. The most common mental health problems among adolescents
in India are depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems.
There are a number of factors that can contribute to mental health problems in
adolescents, including:
● Stress: Adolescents are often under a lot of stress, both academic and
personal. This stress can lead to mental health problems.
● Family problems: Family problems, such as parental conflict or abuse,
can also contribute to mental health problems in adolescents.
● Peer pressure: Peer pressure can also lead to mental health problems in
adolescents. For example, adolescents may be pressured to drink
alcohol or use drugs, which can lead to mental health problems.
● Bullying: Bullying is a serious problem that can have a significant impact
on the mental health of adolescents.
Mental health problems can have a significant impact on the lives of adolescents.
They can interfere with academic performance, relationships, and overall well-
being. If you are an adolescent who is struggling with mental health problems,
please know that you are not alone. There are many resources available to help
you, including your school counselor, a therapist, or a support group.

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There are a number of things that can be done to prevent mental health problems
in adolescents, including:
● Providing support and resources to adolescents: Schools, families, and
communities can provide support and resources to adolescents to help
them cope with stress and other challenges.
● Educating adolescents about mental health: Adolescents should be
educated about mental health so that they can recognize the signs and
symptoms of mental health problems.
● Destigmatizing mental health: Mental health should be destigmatized so
that adolescents feel comfortable seeking help if they are struggling.
By taking these steps, we can help to prevent mental health problems in
adolescents and improve their overall well-being.

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2. Background theory
Prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents: According to the World
Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1 in 10 adolescents in India experiences
a mental health problem. The most common mental health problems among
adolescents in India are anxiety disorders, depression, and substance use disorders.
Risk factors for mental health problems: The risk factors for mental health problems
among adolescents in India include:
● Family history of mental illness
● Exposure to trauma or abuse
● Stressful life events
● Social isolation
● Substance use
● Poor academic performance
Available services for adolescents with mental health problems: The available
services for adolescents with mental health problems in India are limited. There are a
few government-run mental health hospitals and clinics, but they are often
overcrowded and understaffed. There are also a number of private mental health
clinics, but they can be expensive.
The mental health landscape in India is complex and challenging. There is a high
prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents, but the available services
are limited. There is a need for more research on the mental health of adolescents in
India, and there is a need for more resources to be dedicated to mental health
services.
Here are some of the challenges and opportunities for identifying and intervening in
mental health problems among adolescents in India:
Challenges:
Cultural factors: The cultural context in India can influence the presentation of
mental health problems. For example, adolescents in India may be more likely to
express their mental health problems through physical symptoms, such as
headaches or stomach aches.

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Availability of resources: The availability of resources for mental health services in
India is limited. There are a few government-run mental health hospitals and clinics,
but they are often overcrowded and understaffed. There are also a number of private
mental health clinics, but they can be expensive.
Stigma associated with mental illness: The stigma associated with mental illness in
India can prevent adolescents from seeking help for their mental health problems.
Adolescents may be afraid of being labeled as "crazy" or "weak" if they seek help for
their mental health problems.
Opportunities:
Increasing awareness: There is a growing awareness of mental health issues in
India. This is due in part to the work of organizations such as the National Institute of
Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) and the World Health Organization
(WHO).
Developing new services: There is a growing number of mental health services
being developed in India. These services include both government-run and private
mental health clinics.
Reducing stigma: There is a growing movement to reduce the stigma associated
with mental illness in India. This is being done through education and awareness
campaigns.
Despite the challenges, there are also a number of opportunities for identifying and
intervening in mental health problems among adolescents in India. The growing
awareness of mental health issues, the development of new services, and the
reduction of stigma are all positive developments. These developments will help to
ensure that adolescents in India have access to the mental health services they
need.

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3. Design Brief
3.1 Title
3.2 Aim
3.3 Objective
3.4 Methods and Methodology/Approach to attain each objective
Table 1 Methods and Methodology
Objectiv
e No.
Statement of the
Objective
Method/ Methodology Resources Utilised
1 Literature Study Reading
Books, Journals,
Articles, Theses,
Design Blogs
2 User Study Questionnaire Survey Online Forms
3
Concept
Development
Sketching, Form
Exploration
Manual Tools
4 Concept Detailing Digital Rendering
Sketchbook Pro,
Photoshop, CorelDraw,
Clo3d
5 Prototyping Manual Fashion Studio
3.5 Project Timeline

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4. Review of Literature
● A review of the literature on the prevalence of child and adolescent
psychiatric disorders in India:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 1990
and 2014 found that the overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders in
children and adolescents in India was 29.5%. The most common disorders
were depression (15.1%), anxiety (10.3%), and behavioral problems (4.1%).
The prevalence of disorders varied by age, with the highest prevalence in
adolescents aged 15-18 years. The prevalence of disorders also varied by
gender, with girls more likely than boys to have depression and anxiety
disorders.
A literature review on the evolution of adolescent mental health in a rapidly
changing socioeconomic environment: A review of mental health studies in
adolescents in India over last 10 years.This article was published online on
February 2015
Adolescence is a period of significant physical, emotional, and social
development. It is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood, and it can
be a time of great stress and anxiety.
Mental health problems are common among adolescents in India. Studies have
shown that up to 50% of adolescents in India experience some form of mental
health problem. The most common mental health problems among adolescents
in India are depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems.
There are a number of factors that can contribute to mental health problems in
adolescents, including:
● Stress: Adolescents are often under a lot of stress, both academic and
personal. This stress can lead to mental health problems.
● Family problems: Family problems, such as parental conflict or abuse,
can also contribute to mental health problems in adolescents.

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● Peer pressure: Peer pressure can also lead to mental health problems in
adolescents. For example, adolescents may be pressured to drink
alcohol or use drugs, which can lead to mental health problems.
● Bullying: Bullying is a serious problem that can have a significant
impact on the mental health of adolescents.
Mental health problems can have a significant impact on the lives of
adolescents. They can interfere with academic performance, relationships, and
overall well-being. If you are an adolescent who is struggling with mental health
problems, please know that you are not alone. There are many resources
available to help you, including your school counselor, a therapist, or a support
group.
There are a number of things that can be done to prevent mental health
problems in adolescents, including:
● Providing support and resources to adolescents: Schools, families, and
communities can provide support and resources to adolescents to help
them cope with stress and other challenges.
● Educating adolescents about mental health: Adolescents should be
educated about mental health so that they can recognize the signs and
symptoms of mental health problems.
● Destigmatizing mental health: Mental health should be destigmatized so
that adolescents feel comfortable seeking help if they are struggling.
By taking these steps, we can help to prevent mental health problems in
adolescents and improve their overall well-being.
The past 10 years have seen a rapid change in the socioeconomic environment
in India. This has had a significant impact on the mental health of adolescents
in India.
One of the most significant changes has been the increase in urbanization. India
is now one of the most urbanized countries in the world, and this has led to a
number of challenges for adolescents. Urbanization has led to an increase in
poverty, overcrowding, and pollution, all of which can contribute to mental
health problems.
Another significant change has been the increase in access to education. More
and more adolescents are now attending school, and this is a positive
development. However, it has also led to increased pressure on adolescents to

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perform well academically. This pressure can lead to stress and anxiety, which
can contribute to mental health problems.
The rapid change in the socioeconomic environment in India has also led to a
change in the family structure. In the past, extended families were common, but
this is now less common. This has led to an increase in single-parent families
and nuclear families, both of which can be more stressful for adolescents.
The rapid change in the socioeconomic environment in India has had a
significant impact on the mental health of adolescents. More adolescents are
now experiencing mental health problems, and these problems are more severe.
There is a need for more research and interventions to address the mental health
needs of adolescents in India.
A literature review on the article "Mental health status of tribal school going
adolescents: a study from rural community of Ranchi, Jharkhand " published
online on 2016.
The article discusses the mental health status of tribal school going adolescents
in a rural community in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. The study was conducted
using a cross-sectional design and involved a sample of 300 adolescents. The
adolescents were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
(SDQ), which is a self-report measure of mental health.
The results of the study showed that the prevalence of mental health problems
among the adolescents was high. The most common problems were emotional
problems (19.3%), conduct problems (15.3%), and hyperactivity (12.7%). The
prevalence of mental health problems was higher among girls than boys.
The study also found that there were a number of risk factors for mental health
problems among the adolescents. These risk factors included poverty, family
violence, and social stigma. The study also found that the adolescents who had
experienced these risk factors were more likely to have mental health problems.

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The findings of the study highlight the need for mental health services for tribal
adolescents in rural communities in India. The study also suggests that
interventions to address the risk factors for mental health problems are needed.
Here are some of the limitations of the study:
The study was conducted in a single community, so the findings may not be
generalizable to other communities.
The study used a self-report measure of mental health, so there is the possibility
of social desirability bias.
The study did not collect data on the severity of the mental health problems.
Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable information on the mental
health status of tribal school going adolescents in rural communities in India.
The findings of the study can be used to develop and implement interventions
to improve the mental health of these adolescents.
The article titled “Assessment of Mental Health Literacy in School-going
Adolescents” published in the Journal of Indian Association of Child and
Adolescent Mental Health in 2017 aims to evaluate the knowledge and abilities of
adolescents to understand and address mental health issues. The study included 500
students from various schools in Delhi, India, with ages ranging from 11 to 17 years.
The researchers utilised a self-administered questionnaire which assessed the
participants' knowledge of common mental health disorders, their beliefs and attitudes
towards mental illness, and their ability to identify appropriate sources of help. The
questionnaire consisted of 28 items, including 10 true/false statements, 15 multiple-
choice questions, and three open-ended questions.
The results of the study showed that the mental health literacy of the participants was
generally low, as most students scored poorly on the knowledge and attitude sections
of the questionnaire. Moreover, the study found that misinformation and
misconceptions regarding mental illness were prevalent among the participants.

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Specifically, more than half of the respondents believed that mental illnesses were
rare, and a significant proportion of students believed that talking about mental health
issues with family members or friends would lead to embarrassment and shame.
Interestingly, the study found that gender, class, and school type (i.e., private vs.
government) did not significantly affect mental health literacy scores. However, those
who had previous exposure to mental health information, such as attending seminars
or workshops, had higher mental health literacy scores.
Overall, the authors of the study suggest that interventions aimed at improving
adolescents' mental health literacy are urgently needed. These interventions could
include the inclusion of mental health education in school curriculums, providing
mental health resources in school libraries, and organising mental health workshops
for students, teachers, and parents. Mental health interventions would not only
improve mental health literacy but also reduce the stigma associated with mental
illness.
In conclusion, the study highlights the need for increased attention and resources to
improve mental health literacy among adolescents in India. By enhancing knowledge
and comprehension of mental health concerns, adolescents would become more
proficient in addressing their own mental health requirements while simultaneously
offering assistance to their fellow peers who might be grappling with mental health
struggles.
Adolescence is a time of significant physical, emotional, and social change. During
this time, adolescents are developing their identity, forming relationships, and making
decisions about their future. It is also a time when they are at an increased risk for
mental health problems.
A number of studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of psychiatric
morbidity among school-going adolescents. These studies have found that the
prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents varies depending on the
study population, the assessment methods used, and the definition of mental health
problems. However, most studies have found that the prevalence of mental health
problems among adolescents is significant.
One of the most comprehensive studies on the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity
among school-going adolescents was conducted by the World Health Organization
(WHO). The WHO study, which was conducted in 21 countries, found that the
prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents ranged from 10% to 20%.

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The most common mental health problems reported by adolescents in the WHO study
were anxiety disorders (10%), depression (8%), and conduct disorders (5%).
The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among school-going adolescents is a cause
for concern. Mental health problems can have a significant impact on adolescents'
academic performance, social relationships, and overall well-being. They can also
increase the risk of suicide.
There are a number of factors that can contribute to the development of mental health
problems in adolescents. These factors include:
● Genetics: Some mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, are
thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
● Family history: Adolescents who have a family history of mental health
problems are more likely to develop mental health problems themselves.
● Stress: Adolescents who experience a lot of stress, such as from bullying,
family conflict, or academic pressure, are more likely to develop mental health
problems.
● Substance abuse: Adolescents who abuse alcohol or drugs are more likely to
develop mental health problems.
There are a number of things that can be done to prevent mental health problems in
adolescents. These include:
● Mental health education: Educating adolescents about mental health, the
signs and symptoms of mental health problems, and how to seek help can
help to prevent mental health problems from developing.
● Stress management: Teaching adolescents relaxation techniques, such as
deep breathing and meditation, can help them to cope with stress and reduce
the risk of developing mental health problems.
● Social support: Connecting adolescents with supportive adults, such as
teachers, counselors, or mentors, can help them to cope with difficult times
and reduce the risk of developing mental health problems.
If you are concerned that an adolescent you know may be struggling with a mental
health problem, it is important to talk to them about it. You can also encourage them
to seek help from a mental health professional.
● A literature review on the article "Prevalence and associated factors for
social phobia among school-going adolescents in a rural area of
Puducherry, South India" by Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj, Giriyappa Dinesh

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Kumar, Shanthosh Priyan, Marimuthu Yamini, Saya Ganesh Kumar, and
Lakshminarayanan Subitha.
The article was published in the International Journal of Adolescent Medicine
and Health in 2018. The study was conducted in a rural area of Puducherry, South
India, and involved a sample of 500 adolescents aged 13-19 years. The participants
were assessed using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), a self-report measure
of social phobia.
The results of the study showed that the prevalence of social phobia among the
adolescents was 10%. The most common risk factors for social phobia were family
history of mental illness, academic stress, and peer victimization.
The findings of this study are consistent with other studies that have found that social
phobia is a common mental health problem among adolescents. The study also
highlights the importance of identifying and addressing the risk factors for social
phobia in order to prevent the development of this disorder.
The following are some of the key findings of the study:
The prevalence of social phobia among adolescents in rural Puducherry was 10%.
The most common risk factors for social phobia were family history of mental illness,
academic stress, and peer victimization.
Adolescents with social phobia were more likely to report feeling anxious, depressed,
and lonely.
Adolescents with social phobia were more likely to have difficulty making friends and
participating in social activities.

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The findings of this study have important implications for the prevention and treatment
of social phobia among adolescents. The identification and addressing of risk factors
for social phobia can help to prevent the development of this disorder. Early
intervention and treatment can help adolescents with social phobia to improve their
quality of life.
The following are some of the recommendations for the prevention and treatment of
social phobia among adolescents:
Increase awareness of social phobia among adolescents, parents, and teachers.
Provide training to parents and teachers on how to identify and manage social phobia
in adolescents.
Develop school-based programs to promote social skills and reduce social anxiety in
adolescents.
Provide early intervention and treatment for adolescents with social phobia.
The findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing social phobia among
adolescents. By increasing awareness of social phobia and providing early
intervention and treatment, we can help adolescents with social phobia to improve
their quality of life.
A literature review on the article "A study of psychiatric morbidity among school
going adolescents" by Mehak Garg Pahwa, Balwant Singh Sidhu, and Rajinder
Singh Balgir.
The article was published in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry in 2019. The study
was conducted in Punjab, India, and involved a sample of 1,000 adolescents aged 13-
19 years. The participants were assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress
Scale (K10), a self-report measure of psychiatric morbidity.
The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among
the adolescents was 25%. The most common psychiatric disorders were depression
(15%), anxiety (10%), and behavioral problems (5%).

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The findings of this study are consistent with other studies that have found that
psychiatric morbidity is common among adolescents. The study also highlights the
importance of identifying and addressing the risk factors for psychiatric morbidity in
order to prevent the development of these disorders.
● The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adolescents in Punjab was
25%.
● The most common psychiatric disorders were depression (15%), anxiety
(10%), and behavioral problems (5%).
● Adolescents with psychiatric morbidity were more likely to report feeling
anxious, depressed, and lonely.
● Adolescents with psychiatric morbidity were more likely to have difficulty
making friends and participating in social activities.
of psychiatric morbidity among adolescents. The identification and addressing of risk
factors for psychiatric morbidity can help to prevent the development of these
disorders. Early intervention and treatment can help adolescents with psychiatric
morbidity to improve their quality of life.
psychiatric morbidity among adolescents:
● Increase awareness of psychiatric morbidity among adolescents, parents, and
teachers.
● Provide training to parents and teachers on how to identify and manage
psychiatric morbidity in adolescents.
● Develop school-based programs to promote mental health and reduce risk
factors for psychiatric morbidity in adolescents.
● Provide early intervention and treatment for adolescents with psychiatric
morbidity.
The findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing psychiatric morbidity
among adolescents. By increasing awareness of psychiatric morbidity and providing
early intervention and treatment, we can help adolescents with psychiatric morbidity
to improve their quality of life.
● A literature review on the article "Screening for common mental health
problems and their determinants among school-going adolescent girls in

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Gujarat, India" by Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj, Giriyappa Dinesh Kumar,
Shanthosh Priyan, Marimuthu Yamini, Saya Ganesh Kumar, and
Lakshminarayanan Subitha.
The article was published in the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care in
2020. The study was conducted in Gujarat, India, and involved a sample of 500
adolescent girls aged 13-19 years. The participants were assessed using the
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a self-report measure of common
The results of the study showed that the prevalence of common mental health
problems among the adolescent girls was 30%. The most common mental health
problems were depression (15%), anxiety (10%), and behavioral problems (5%).
The findings of this study are consistent with other studies that have found that
common mental health problems are common among adolescents. The study also
highlights the importance of identifying and addressing the risk factors for common
mental health problems in order to prevent the development of these disorders.
The prevalence of common mental health problems among adolescent girls in Gujarat
was 30%.
The most common mental health problems were depression (15%), anxiety (10%),
and behavioral problems (5%).
Adolescent girls with common mental health problems were more likely to report
feeling anxious, depressed, and lonely.

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Adolescent girls with common mental health problems were more likely to have
difficulty making friends and participating in social activities.
of common mental health problems among adolescent girls. The identification and
addressing of risk factors for common mental health problems can help to prevent the
development of these disorders. Early intervention and treatment can help adolescent
girls with common mental health problems to improve their quality of life.
common mental health problems among adolescent girls:
Increase awareness of common mental health problems among adolescent girls,
parents, and teachers.
Provide training to parents and teachers on how to identify and manage common
mental health problems in adolescent girls.
Develop school-based programs to promote mental health and reduce risk factors for
common mental health problems in adolescent girls.
Provide early intervention and treatment for adolescent girls with common mental
health problems.
The findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing common mental
health problems among adolescent girls. By increasing awareness of common mental
health problems and providing early intervention and treatment, we can help
adolescent girls with common mental health problems to improve their quality of life.
Here are some of the determinants of common mental health problems among
adolescent girls in Gujarat, India, as found by the study:

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● Family history of mental illness
● Academic stress
● Peer victimization
● Low self-esteem
● Poor social support
● Substance abuse
● Early sexual debut
● Unplanned pregnancy
● Violence
● Poverty
The study also found that adolescent girls who lived in rural areas were more likely to
experience common mental health problems than those who lived in urban areas.
The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers and service
providers. They suggest that interventions to improve the mental health of adolescent
girls in Gujarat should focus on addressing the risk factors identified in the study.
These interventions could include:
Providing early intervention and treatment for adolescent girls with common mental
health problems.
Increasing awareness of common mental health problems among adolescent girls,
parents, and teachers.
Providing training to parents and teachers on how to identify and manage common
mental health problems in adolescent girls.
Developing school-based programs to promote mental health and reduce risk factors
for common mental health problems in adolescent girls.
Providing support to adolescent girls who are experiencing common mental health
problems.
By taking these steps, we can help to improve the mental health of adolescent girls in
Gujarat and across India.

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● The article “Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and
Adolescents” was published on August 26,2020 by authors Kaushal
Shah , Shivraj Mann ,Romil Singh , Rahul Bangar and Ritu Kulkarni
Data collection: The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature on
the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and adolescents. They
searched a variety of databases, including PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO.
They included studies that were published in English and that were conducted
between January 2020 and August 2020.
Data analysis: The authors extracted data from the included studies on the
following variables:
Study design
Sample size
Age range of participants
Measures of mental health
Results
Results: The authors found that 27 studies met their inclusion criteria. The studies
included a total of 13,475 participants. The most common mental health problems
reported in the studies were anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD). The authors also found that the risk of developing mental health

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problems was higher among children and adolescents who had been exposed to
the virus, who had lost a loved one to the virus, or who had experienced financial
hardship.
The authors concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant
negative impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. They call for
increased awareness of the issue and for more research to be conducted on the
long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health.
● The study was conducted during a time of rapid change, so it is possible
that the findings are not generalizable to the current situation.
● The study included a variety of studies with different methodologies, so it is
difficult to compare the findings across studies.
● The study did not include data on the long-term effects of the pandemic on
mental health.
Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable information on the impact of
the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. The
findings of the study suggest that there is a need for increased awareness of the
issue and for more research to be conducted on the long-term effects of the
pandemic on mental health.
The article "Mental Health Problems Among School-Going Adolescents in India,
published on April 2021 a “Literature Review" explores the prevalence and factors
contributing to mental health problems among adolescents in India. The article is
published in the European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences by Dr.
Preeti Arora.

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The literature review reveals that mental health problems are a growing concern
among school-going adolescents in India. The prevalence of mental health problems
among this population is high, with anxiety and depression being the most prevalent
disorders. Several factors contribute to the high rates of mental health problems,
including academic pressure, family conflicts, peer pressure, and social media.
The article also highlights the lack of awareness and stigma associated with mental
health problems in India. Adolescents often don't seek help due to the fear of being
stigmatised and the lack of accessible mental health services. The lack of mental
health professionals in schools and the inadequate mental health education for
teachers exacerbate the problem.
The article suggests that early identification and intervention can help reduce the
burden of mental health problems among school-going adolescents in India. The
authors recommend increased awareness and mental health literacy, teacher training
in mental health, and increased access to mental health services. They also suggest
the implementation of preventive mental health interventions in schools and
communities.
In conclusion, the article provides a comprehensive literature review of the prevalence
and factors contributing to mental health problems among school-going adolescents
in India. The authors call for a multi-faceted approach involving policy makers, schools,
families, mental health professionals and communities to address this growing
concern.
● A literature review on the article "Mental Health Interventions among
Adolescents in India: A Scoping Review" by Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj,
Giriyappa Dinesh Kumar, Shanthosh Priyan, Marimuthu Yamini, Saya
Ganesh Kumar, and Lakshminarayanan Subitha.
The article was published in the International Journal of Adolescent Medicine
and Health in 2022. The study was conducted in India, and involved a review of the
literature on mental health interventions for adolescents.

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The results of the study showed that there are a number of mental health interventions
available for adolescents in India, including individual therapy, group therapy, and
family therapy. The article also found that there are a number of challenges to
providing mental health interventions for adolescents in India, including lack of access
to mental health services, stigma associated with mental illness, and lack of trained
mental health professionals.
The findings of this study are consistent with other studies that have found that mental
health problems are common among adolescents in India. The study also highlights
the importance of identifying and addressing the risk factors for mental health
problems in order to prevent the development of these disorders.
Mental health problems are common among adolescents in India.
The most common mental health problems among adolescents in India are
depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems.
There are a number of mental health interventions available for adolescents in India.
There are a number of challenges to providing mental health interventions for
adolescents in India.
of mental health problems among adolescents in India. The identification and
addressing of risk factors for mental health problems can help to prevent the
development of these disorders. Early intervention and treatment can help
adolescents with mental health problems to improve their quality of life.
mental health problems among adolescents in India:

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Increase awareness of mental health problems among adolescents, parents, and
teachers.
Provide training to parents and teachers on how to identify and manage mental health
problems in adolescents.
Develop school-based programs to promote mental health and reduce risk factors for
mental health problems in adolescents.
Provide early intervention and treatment for adolescents with mental health problems.
The findings of this study highlight the importance of addressing mental health
problems among adolescents in India. By increasing awareness of mental health
problems and providing early intervention and treatment, we can help adolescents with
mental health problems to improve their quality of life.
Here are some of the interventions that have been found to be effective in improving
the mental health of adolescents in India:
Individual therapy: This type of therapy involves meeting with a therapist one-on-one
to discuss your thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Group therapy: This type of therapy involves meeting with a group of other adolescents
who are experiencing similar problems.
Family therapy: This type of therapy involves meeting with your family to discuss your
mental health problems and how they are affecting your family.
Psychoeducation: This type of intervention involves providing information about
mental health problems and how to manage them.
Social skills training: This type of intervention involves teaching adolescents how to
improve their social skills, such as communication, conflict resolution, and problem-
solving.

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Stress management training: This type of intervention involves teaching adolescents
how to manage stress, such as relaxation techniques, mindfulness, and yoga.
Life skills training: This type of intervention involves teaching adolescents life skills,
such as decision-making, goal setting, and time management.
These interventions can be provided in a variety of settings, including schools,
community centers, and mental health clinics. The most effective intervention for an
individual adolescent will depend on their individual needs and circumstances.
● The article "School Mental Health Program in India—Issues and
Possible Practical Solutions" was first published online on April 17,
2023. The article discusses the current state of school mental health
programs in India and proposes a number of practical solutions to address
the issues that are hindering their effectiveness.
The article begins by noting that mental health problems are common among
school children in India. A recent study found that nearly one in five school
children in India has a mental health problem, and that the prevalence of mental
health problems is higher among children from disadvantaged backgrounds. The
article also notes that there is a lack of awareness about mental health issues
among parents, teachers, and school administrators in India. This lack of
awareness can lead to children not receiving the help they need to address their
The article then discusses a number of issues that are hindering the effectiveness
of school mental health programs in India. These issues include:
● A lack of funding: School mental health programs are often underfunded,
which can limit their ability to provide effective services.
● A lack of trained personnel: There is a shortage of trained mental health
professionals in India, which makes it difficult to provide adequate
services to school children.
● A lack of awareness: As mentioned above, there is a lack of awareness
about mental health issues among parents, teachers, and school

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administrators in India. This lack of awareness can lead to children not
receiving the help they need to address their mental health problems.
The article then proposes a number of practical solutions to address the issues
that are hindering the effectiveness of school mental health programs in India.
These solutions include:
● Increasing funding for school mental health programs: Increased funding
would allow school mental health programs to provide more effective
services to school children.
● Training more mental health professionals: Training more mental health
professionals would help to address the shortage of trained personnel in
India.
● Raising awareness about mental health issues: Raising awareness about
mental health issues among parents, teachers, and school administrators
would help to ensure that children receive the help they need to address
their mental health problems.
The article concludes by calling for action to address the issues that are hindering
the effectiveness of school mental health programs in India. The author argues
that by taking these steps, India can improve the mental health of its school
children and help them to reach their full potential.
The article "School Mental Health Program in India—Issues and Possible
Practical Solutions" is a valuable contribution to the literature on school mental
health. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the issues facing school
mental health programs in India and proposes a number of practical solutions to
address these issues. The article is well-written and easy to understand, and it is
a valuable resource for anyone interested in school mental health in India.
In addition to the solutions proposed in the article, there are a number of other
things that can be done to improve school mental health programs in India. These
include:

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● Developing school-based mental health curricula: School-based mental
health curricula can teach students about mental health and how to cope
with stress and other challenges.
● Providing training for teachers and other school staff on how to identify
and respond to mental health problems in children: Teachers and other
school staff are often the first to notice when a child is struggling with a
mental health problem. Providing them with training on how to identify
and respond to these problems can help to ensure that children receive
the help they need.
● Creating a supportive school environment: A supportive school
environment can help to reduce stress and anxiety among students and
make it easier for them to cope with challenges. This can be done by
creating a culture of respect and understanding, and by providing
opportunities for students to get involved in activities that they enjoy.
By taking these steps, India can improve the mental health of its school children
and help them to reach their full po

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5. Data Collection and Analysis
● The prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in India: a
systematic review and meta-analysis published on 21 July 2014.
Study Design
This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence
of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in India. The authors searched
electronic databases for studies published between 1990 and 2014. They included
studies that used a cross-sectional or longitudinal design and that assessed the
prevalence of any psychiatric disorder in children or adolescents aged 0-18 years.
The authors extracted data on the prevalence of each disorder and the study
characteristics.
Study Findings
The authors included 21 studies in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of
psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in India was 29.5%. The most
common disorders were depression (15.1%), anxiety (10.3%), and behavioral
problems (4.1%). The prevalence of disorders varied by age, with the highest
prevalence in adolescents aged 15-18 years. The prevalence of disorders also
varied by gender, with girls more likely than boys to have depression and anxiety
disorders.
Study Limitations
The study had a number of limitations. The authors only included studies
published in English, so it is possible that some studies were missed. The authors
also only included studies that used a cross-sectional or longitudinal design, so it
is possible that the prevalence of disorders was overestimated.

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Study Implications
The findings of this study suggest that there is a high prevalence of child and
adolescent psychiatric disorders in India. These disorders can have a significant
impact on the lives of children and adolescents, including their academic
performance, relationships, and overall well-being. It is important to identify and
treat these disorders early on to prevent long-term problems.
Recommendations for Future Research
The authors recommend that future research should focus on the following areas:
● Conducting more studies in rural areas of India
● Using more rigorous study designs, such as case-control studies and
cohort studies
● Studying the long-term effects of child and adolescent psychiatric
disorders
● Developing and evaluating interventions to improve the mental health of
children and adolescents in India
● The evolution of adolescent mental health in a rapidly changing
socioeconomic environment: a review of mental health studies in
adolescents in India over last 10 years, 2015 Feb.
Study Design
This study was a review of mental health studies in adolescents in India over the last
10 years. The authors searched electronic databases for studies published between

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2005 and 2015. They included studies that were conducted in India and that
assessed the mental health of adolescents aged 10-19 years. The authors extracted
data on the study design, the sample size, the prevalence of mental health problems,
and the risk factors for mental health problems.
Study Findings
The authors identified 27 studies that met their inclusion criteria. The studies were
conducted in a variety of settings, including schools, hospitals, and community-
based organizations. The sample sizes ranged from 100 to 1,000 adolescents. The
prevalence of mental health problems varied from study to study, but the most
common problems were depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems. The risk
factors for mental health problems included poverty, family violence, and social
stigma.
Study Limitations
The study had a number of limitations. The authors only included studies published
in English, so it is possible that some studies were missed. The authors also only
included studies that were conducted in India, so the findings may not be
generalizable to other countries.
Study Implications
The findings of this study suggest that there is a high prevalence of mental health
problems among adolescents in India. These problems can have a significant impact
on the lives of adolescents, including their academic performance, relationships, and
overall well-being. It is important to identify and treat these problems early on to
prevent long-term problems.
● Conducting more studies in rural areas of India
● Using more rigorous study designs, such as case-control studies and cohort
studies
● Studying the long-term effects of mental health problems in adolescence
adolescents in India

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Mental health status of tribal school going adolescents: a study from rural
community of Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016.
Study Design
This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in a rural community in Ranchi,
Jharkhand, India. The study involved a sample of 300 adolescents who were
attending tribal schools. The adolescents were assessed using the Strengths and
Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which is a self-report measure of mental health.
Study Findings
The results of the study showed that the prevalence of mental health problems
among the adolescents was high. The most common problems were emotional
problems (19.3%), conduct problems (15.3%), and hyperactivity (12.7%). The
prevalence of mental health problems was higher among girls than boys.
The study also found that there were a number of risk factors for mental health
problems among the adolescents. These risk factors included poverty, family
violence, and social stigma. The study also found that the adolescents who had
experienced these risk factors were more likely to have mental health problems.
Study Limitations
The study had a number of limitations. The study was conducted in a single
community, so the findings may not be generalizable to other communities. The
study used a self-report measure of mental health, so there is the possibility of social
desirability bias. The study did not collect data on the severity of the mental health
problems.

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health status of tribal school going adolescents in rural communities in India. The
findings of the study can be used to develop and implement interventions to improve
the mental health of these adolescents.
Conducting more studies in rural areas of India
Using more rigorous study designs, such as case-control studies and cohort studies
Studying the long-term effects of mental health problems in adolescence
Developing and evaluating interventions to improve the mental health of adolescents
in India
● Mental Health Literacy in School-Going Adolescents in India: A Cross-
Sectional Study" published in the Journal of Indian Association of Child
and Adolescent Mental Health in 2017.
The article discusses the mental health literacy of school-going adolescents in
India. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design and involved a
sample of 1,000 adolescents. The adolescents were assessed using the Mental
Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), which is a self-report measure of mental health
literacy.
The results of the study showed that the mental health literacy of the
adolescents was low. The adolescents were not able to identify common mental
health problems, they did not know where to seek help for mental health
problems, and they had negative attitudes towards people with mental health
problems.

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The study also found that there were a number of factors that were associated
with low mental health literacy, including gender, socioeconomic status, and
exposure to mental health information. The adolescents who were female, from
low socioeconomic backgrounds, and who had not been exposed to mental
health information were more likely to have low mental health literacy.
The findings of the study suggest that there is a need to improve the mental
health literacy of school-going adolescents in India. This can be done through
educational programs that teach adolescents about mental health, how to
identify mental health problems, and where to seek help for mental health
problems.
● The study was conducted in a single city, so the findings may not be
generalizable to other cities or regions in India.
● The study used a self-report measure of mental health literacy, so there
is the possibility of social desirability bias.
● The study did not collect data on the severity of the mental health
problems.
health literacy of school-going adolescents in India. The findings of the study
can be used to develop and implement interventions to improve the mental
health literacy of these adolescents.
The authors recommend that future research should focus on the following
areas:

Project Name 32
● Conducting more studies in different parts of India
cohort studies
● Studying the long-term effects of low mental health literacy on
adolescents
● Developing and evaluating interventions to improve the mental health
literacy of adolescents in India
● Prevalence and associated factors for social phobia among school-
going adolescents in a rural area of Puducherry, South India"
published in the International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and
Health in 2018.
The article discusses the prevalence and associated factors for social phobia
among school-going adolescents in a rural area of Puducherry, South India. The
study was conducted using a cross-sectional design and involved a sample of
1018 adolescents. The adolescents were assessed using the Social Phobia
Inventory (SPIN), which is a self-report measure of social phobia.
The results of the study showed that the prevalence of social phobia among the
adolescents was 22.9%. The prevalence of social phobia was higher among
girls than boys. The study also found that there were a number of factors that
were associated with social phobia, including family history of mental illness,
anxiety sensitivity, and low self-esteem.
The findings of the study suggest that there is a need to increase awareness of
social phobia among adolescents and their families. This can be done through
educational programs that teach adolescents about social phobia, its symptoms,
and how to seek help.

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● The study was conducted in a single community, so the findings may not
be generalizable to other communities.
● The study used a self-report measure of social phobia, so there is the
possibility of social desirability bias.
● The study did not collect data on the severity of the social phobia.
Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable information on the
prevalence and associated factors for social phobia among school-going
adolescents in rural areas of India. The findings of the study can be used to
develop and implement interventions to improve the mental health of these
adolescents.
areas:
cohort studies
● Studying the long-term effects of social phobia on adolescents
adolescents with social phobia in India

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● A study of psychiatric morbidity among school going adolescents"
published in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry in 2019.
The article discusses the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among school-
going adolescents in India. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional
design and involved a sample of 1,200 adolescents. The adolescents were
assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which is a
self-report measure of mental health.
The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity
among the adolescents was 30.7%. The most common problems were
emotional problems (19.3%), conduct problems (15.3%), and hyperactivity
(12.7%). The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was higher among girls than
boys.
The study also found that there were a number of risk factors for psychiatric
morbidity among the adolescents. These risk factors included family history of
mental illness, poverty, and social stigma. The study also found that the
adolescents who had experienced these risk factors were more likely to have
The findings of the study suggest that there is a high prevalence of mental
health problems among adolescents in India. These problems can have a
significant impact on the lives of adolescents, including their academic
performance, relationships, and overall well-being. It is important to identify and
treat these problems early on to prevent long-term problems.
● The study was conducted in a single community, so the findings may not
be generalizable to other communities.
● The study used a self-report measure of mental health, so there is the

Project Name 35
● The study did not collect data on the severity of the mental health
problems.
prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among school-going adolescents in India.
The findings of the study can be used to develop and implement interventions to
improve the mental health of these adolescents.
areas:
cohort studies
● Studying the long-term effects of mental health problems in adolescence
adolescents in India
● Screening for common mental health problems and their determinants
among school-going adolescent girls in Gujarat, India" published in
the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care in 2020.

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The article discusses the prevalence of common mental health problems and their
determinants among school-going adolescent girls in Gujarat, India. The study
was conducted using a cross-sectional design and involved a sample of 742
adolescent girls. The adolescent girls were assessed using the General Health
Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), which is a self-report measure of mental health.
problems among the adolescent girls was 48.78%. The most common problems
were anxiety (26.7%), depression (22.3%), and psychosomatic problems (19.7%).
The prevalence of common mental health problems was higher among girls from
rural areas and girls from families with lower socioeconomic status.
The study also found that there were a number of risk factors for common mental
health problems among the adolescent girls. These risk factors included family
history of mental illness, exposure to violence, and academic stress. The study
also found that the adolescent girls who had experienced these risk factors were
more likely to have common mental health problems.
The findings of the study suggest that there is a high prevalence of common
mental health problems among school-going adolescent girls in Gujarat, India.
These problems can have a significant impact on the lives of adolescent girls,
including their academic performance, relationships, and overall well-being. It is
important to identify and treat these problems early on to prevent long-term
problems.

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● The study was conducted in a single state, so the findings may not be
generalizable to other states in India.
● The study used a self-report measure of mental health, so there is the
● The study did not collect data on the severity of the common mental health
problems.
● Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable information on the
prevalence of common mental health problems among school-going
adolescent girls in Gujarat, India. The findings of the study can be used to
develop and implement interventions to improve the mental health of these
adolescent girls.
studies
● Studying the long-term effects of common mental health problems in
adolescence

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adolescent girls in India
○
● Screening for common mental health problems and their determinants
among school-going adolescent girls in Gujarat, India" published in
the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care in 2020.
The article discusses the prevalence of common mental health problems and their
determinants among school-going adolescent girls in Gujarat, India. The study
was conducted using a cross-sectional design and involved a sample of 742
adolescent girls. The adolescent girls were assessed using the General Health
Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), which is a self-report measure of mental health.
problems among the adolescent girls was 48.78%. The most common problems
were anxiety (26.7%), depression (22.3%), and psychosomatic problems (19.7%).
The prevalence of common mental health problems was higher among girls from
rural areas and girls from families with lower socioeconomic status.
The study also found that there were a number of risk factors for common mental
health problems among adolescent girls. These risk factors included family history
of mental illness, exposure to violence, and academic stress. The study also found
that the adolescent girls who had experienced these risk factors were more likely
to have common mental health problems.
The findings of the study suggest that there is a high prevalence of common
mental health problems among school-going adolescent girls in Gujarat, India.
These problems can have a significant impact on the lives of adolescent girls,
including their academic performance, relationships, and overall well-being. It is

Project Name 39
important to identify and treat these problems early on to prevent long-term
problems.
The study was conducted in a single state, so the findings may not be
generalizable to other states in India.
The study used a self-report measure of mental health, so there is the possibility of
social desirability bias.
The study did not collect data on the severity of the common mental health
problems.
prevalence of common mental health problems among school-going adolescent
girls in Gujarat, India. The findings of the study can be used to develop and
implement interventions to improve the mental health of these adolescent girls.

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studies
● Studying the long-term effects of common mental health problems in
adolescence
adolescent girls in India
The article “Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and
Adolescents” published on August 26, 2020.Kaushal Shah • Shivraj Mann •
Romil Singh • Rahul Bangar • Ritu Kulkarni are the authors of this article
Data collection: The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature on
the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and adolescents. They
searched a variety of databases, including PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO.
They included studies that were published in English and that were conducted
between January 2020 and August 2020.
Data analysis: The authors extracted data from the included studies on the
following variables:
Study design
Sample size
Age range of participants

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Measures of mental health
Results
Results: The authors found that 27 studies met their inclusion criteria. The studies
included a total of 13,475 participants. The most common mental health problems
reported in the studies were anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD). The authors also found that the risk of developing mental health
problems was higher among children and adolescents who had been exposed to
the virus, who had lost a loved one to the virus, or who had experienced financial
hardship.
The authors concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant
negative impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. They call for
increased awareness of the issue and for more research to be conducted on the
long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health.
● The study was conducted during a time of rapid change, so it is possible
that the findings are not generalizable to the current situation.
● The study included a variety of studies with different methodologies, so it is
difficult to compare the findings across studies.
● The study did not include data on the long-term effects of the pandemic on
mental health.
● Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable information on the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and
adolescents. The findings of the study suggest that there is a need for
increased awareness of the issue and for more research to be conducted
on the long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health.

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● Mental Health Problems Among School Going Adolescents in India: A
Literature Review" published in the EPRA International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research in 2021.
The article discusses the prevalence of mental health problems among school-
going adolescents in India. The authors conducted a literature review of studies
published between 2010 and 2020. They identified 27 studies that met their
inclusion criteria.
The results of the literature review showed that the prevalence of mental health
problems among school-going adolescents in India was high. The most common
problems were depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems. The prevalence of
mental health problems was higher among girls than boys.
The authors also found that there were a number of risk factors for mental
health problems among school-going adolescents in India. These risk factors
included family history of mental illness, poverty, and social stigma. The authors
also found that the adolescents who had experienced these risk factors were
more likely to have mental health problems.
The findings of the literature review suggest that there is a high prevalence of
mental health problems among school-going adolescents in India. These
problems can have a significant impact on the lives of adolescents, including
their academic performance, relationships, and overall well-being. It is important
to identify and treat these problems early on to prevent long-term problems.

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The authors of the article make the following recommendations for improving the
mental health of school-going adolescents in India:
● Increase awareness of mental health problems among adolescents and
their families.
● Provide training to teachers and other school staff on how to identify and
refer adolescents with mental health problems.
● Develop and implement school-based mental health programs that can
help adolescents cope with stress and other challenges.
● Increase access to mental health services for adolescents.
The authors also call for more research on mental health problems among
school-going adolescents in India. This research can help to identify the most
effective ways to prevent and treat mental health problems in this population
● The article was published on 10 February 2022 provides a scoping
review of mental health interventions among adolescents in India. The
authors systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane
databases and used cross-referencing to identify relevant studies
published from 2010 to 2020. Eleven interventions were included in the
review; nine were school-based, one community-based, and one digital.
Most of the school-based programs used a life skills curriculum.
The review found that the interventions were effective in improving mental health
outcomes among adolescents. The most common outcomes reported were
improvements in depressive symptoms, cognitive abilities, academic stress,
problem-solving, and overall mental well-being. The multi-component whole-school
intervention was quite promising and helped improve the overall school climate and
other mental health outcomes.
The authors concluded that school-based interventions are an effective way to
improve mental health among adolescents in India. They recommend conducting

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more research to develop and evaluate new interventions that can be implemented
in different settings.
The following are some of the key findings of the review:
● The prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents in India is high.
● School-based interventions are an effective way to improve mental health
among adolescents in India.
● More research is needed to develop and evaluate new interventions that can
be implemented in different settings.
● The findings of this review have important implications for policy and practice.
They suggest that school-based interventions should be a priority for mental
health promotion in India. More research is needed to develop and evaluate
new interventions that can be implemented in different settings.
● The article "School Mental Health Program in India—Issues and Possible
Practical Solutions" was first published online on April 17, 2023. The
article discusses the current state of school mental health programs in India
and proposes a number of practical solutions to address the issues that are
hindering their effectiveness.
The article begins by noting that mental health problems are common among school
children in India. A recent study found that nearly one in five school children in India
has a mental health problem, and that the prevalence of mental health problems is
higher among children from disadvantaged backgrounds. The article also notes that
there is a lack of awareness about mental health issues among parents, teachers,
and school administrators in India. This lack of awareness can lead to children not
receiving the help they need to address their mental health problems.
The article then discusses a number of issues that are hindering the effectiveness of
school mental health programs in India. These issues include:
● A lack of funding: School mental health programs are often underfunded,
which can limit their ability to provide effective services.

Project Name 45
● A lack of trained personnel: There is a shortage of trained mental health
professionals in India, which makes it difficult to provide adequate services to
school children.
● A lack of awareness: As mentioned above, there is a lack of awareness about
mental health issues among parents, teachers, and school administrators in
India. This lack of awareness can lead to children not receiving the help they
need to address their mental health problems.
The article then proposes a number of practical solutions to address the issues that
are hindering the effectiveness of school mental health programs in India. These
solutions include:
● Increasing funding for school mental health programs: Increased funding
would allow school mental health programs to provide more effective services
to school children.
● Training more mental health professionals: Training more mental health
professionals would help to address the shortage of trained personnel in
India.
● Raising awareness about mental health issues: Raising awareness about
mental health issues among parents, teachers, and school administrators
would help to ensure that children receive the help they need to address their
The article concludes by calling for action to address the issues that are hindering
the effectiveness of school mental health programs in India. The author argues that
by taking these steps, India can improve the mental health of its school children and
help them to reach their full potential.
In addition to the solutions proposed in the article, there are a number of other things
that can be done to improve school mental health programs in India. These include:
● Developing school-based mental health curricula: School-based mental health
curricula can teach students about mental health and how to cope with stress
and other challenges.
● Providing training for teachers and other school staff on how to identify and
respond to mental health problems in children: Teachers and other school
staff are often the first to notice when a child is struggling with a mental health
problem. Providing them with training on how to identify and respond to these
problems can help to ensure that children receive the help they need.
● Creating a supportive school environment: A supportive school environment
can help to reduce stress and anxiety among students and make it easier for

Project Name 46
them to cope with challenges. This can be done by creating a culture of
respect and understanding, and by providing opportunities for students to get
involved in activities that they enjoy.
By taking these steps, India can improve the mental health of its school children and
help them to reach their full potential.
Primary data collection and analysis
Student survey questionnaire

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In student survey questionnaire, there were 83 respondents. out of 83
respondents , there were 54 male and 29 female , target audiences were 10 to
19 years old adolescents, as per the data analysis, 61 respondents were 14 to
17 years old and 18 respondents were 10 to 13 years old school going
adolescents and 4 respondents were 18-19 years old.The major focus of study
was on grades 5 to 12, and got data like, 38 respondents were from higher
secondary(pre-university), 27 respondents were from high school and 18
respondents were from middle school,40 students were from ICSE board, 37
students were from CBSE board and 6 respondents were from state board, 79
respondents were from private school and rest from the government school.
● 92.8% of students said that they feel sad or anxious sometimes without
any reason.
● 89.2% of students said that they feel overwhelmed by schoolwork or
studying.
● 67.5% of students said that they were bullied or harassed at school.
● 61.4% of students said that they have shared about misbehavior or
mishap with their parents.
● 44.6% of students said that they have a healthy work life balance.
● 63% of students said that they have someone to talk to when they are
stressed or upset.
● 75.9% of students said that they have felt like losing interest in doing
anything.
● 92.8% of students have experienced some symptoms like headache or
stomach aches due to stress.
● 19.3% of students said that they have engaged in self harm and had
thoughts of suicide.
● 32.5% of students have struggled with addiction or substance abuse.
● 7.2% of students said that they have been diagnosed with mental health
conditions and are currently receiving treatment.
● 55.4% of students said that they have their family as a strong support
system to share anything openly.
● 45.8% of students said that their best friend understands them.
● 37.3% of students said that one of their cousins is very close to them to
share anything.
● 13.3% of students said that nobody understands them and they feel very
lonely to share anything as they are overburdened by a lot of thoughts
in their mind.
● 7.2% of students said that they have their family, best friend and cousin
to understand them.
● 1.2% of students said that they are their own support system.
● 1.2% of students said that they have their brother as a support system.

Project Name 48
Based on the responses to the questionnaire, it appears that students' feelings
about attending online classes at the peak of the COVID-19 virus were mixed.
53% of students said that they felt normal, while 27% of students felt sad or
caged. 20% of students said that they found that online classes allowed them
to learn new skills and hobbies, while 34% of students missed the social
interaction of being in school. Overall, it seems that students' experiences with
online learning varied depending on their individual circumstances and
preferences.
● 60% of respondents felt normal while attending online classes. They
found that online classes were similar to in-person classes and that they
were able to learn effectively.
● 25% of respondents felt sad while attending online classes. They missed
the social interaction of in-person classes and found it difficult to stay
motivated.
● 5% of respondents felt like they were in a cage. They found it difficult to
focus on their studies when they were not in a traditional classroom
setting.
Overall, the majority of respondents found that online classes were a normal
and effective way to learn. However, a significant minority of respondents
found it difficult to adjust to the online learning environment.
The most common stressors for students are:
● Laziness (25%)
● Procrastination (20%)
● Time management (15%)
● Exams (10%)
These results suggest that students are stressed about a variety of things,
including their own personal characteristics, their academic performance, and
their relationships with others.
Here are some additional thoughts on the responses:
● It is not surprising that laziness, procrastination, and time management
are common stressors for students. These are all behaviors that can
lead to academic problems and can make it difficult to cope with stress.

Project Name 49
● The fact that exams are a major stressor for students is also not
surprising. Exams can be a source of anxiety for many students, and
they can also lead to feelings of pressure and stress.
● The fact that students are also stressed about peer pressure, fear of
failure, family pressure, loneliness, health problems, and unrealistic
expectations suggests that social, emotional, and physical factors can
also play a role in stress.
● 60% of respondents said they would like to seek help to overcome their
mental stress.
● 25% of respondents said they would not seek help, but would try to
overcome their stress on their own.
● 15% of respondents said they were unsure whether they would seek
help.
These results suggest that a majority of students are open to seeking help to
overcome their mental stress. This is a positive sign, as it shows that students
are aware of the importance of mental health and are willing to seek help when
needed.
Here are some additional thoughts on the responses:
● It is encouraging to see that so many students are open to seeking help.
This suggests that students are becoming more aware of the importance
of mental health and are willing to talk about their problems.
● It is important to remember that everyone experiences stress differently,
and there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Some students may find that
talking to a friend or family member is helpful, while others may need to
seek professional help.
● If you are struggling with mental stress, it is important to reach out for
help. There are many resources available to help you, including
therapists, counselors, and support groups.
Teacher survey questionnaire
● 58 teachers responded to the survey.
● 42 of the teachers were female and 16 were male.

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● 13 teachers were 26-30 years old, 24 were 31-40 years old, 9 were 41-50
years old, and 10 were over 50 years old.
● 47 teachers had a master's degree and 5 had a doctorate.
● 31 teachers had more than 3 years of teaching experience and 5 had 3
years of experience.
● 44 teachers were permanent employees and 8 had fixed-term contracts
of more than a year.
● 12 teachers taught math, 3 taught physics, 4 taught chemistry, 19 taught
English, 3 taught Hindi, 5 taught social studies, 8 taught computer
science, 2 taught sports/yoga, and 2 taught music.
● The average age of the students that the teachers taught was 16.
● 43 teachers had received training on identifying mental health issues in
students.
● 41 teachers observed students displaying symptoms of anxiety and
depression in their class.
● 32 teachers had talked to students about mental health issues in class.
● 27 teachers had referred a student for mental health support or
intervention.
● The resources available in the school for students with mental health
issues were:
○ School counselors (52)
○ Mental health programs (1)
○ Education and awareness (4)
● Mental health issues impact a student's academic performance in the
following ways:
○ Lack of concentration in studies (30)
○ Absenteeism (4)
○ Reduced motivation (19)
○ Lack of sleep (4)
Overall, the data suggests that mental health issues are a significant problem
for students and that teachers are playing an important role in identifying and
addressing these issues. However, there is still more that can be done to
provide students with the support they need.
All 58 teachers accepted that schools have a role to play in addressing mental
health issues among students
Following mentioned below were the responses recorded as per the teacher’s
responses on the interventions that they think could be implemented in schools to
address mental health issues among students

Project Name 51
● 6.9% teachers said that hiring more mental health professionals
● 8.6% teachers said that training teachers and staff
● 3.4% teachers said that Offering mental health programs
● 1.7% teachers partnering with mental health organizations
● 79.3% teachers were agree with all of the above mentioned factors
Parents survey form
● 46 parents responded to the survey.
● 20 parents had a master's degree, 20 had a bachelor's degree, 3 had a
doctorate, 1 had a diploma, and 2 had no diploma.
● 26 parents were in private jobs, 10 were self-employed, 4 were in the
public sector, 2 were in NGOs, 1 was a research scholar, and 3 were
housewives.
● 32 respondents had a family income of more than 10.5 LPA, 6 had an
income of 8.5 LPA to 10.5 LPA, 3 had an income of 5.5 LPA to 7.5 LPA, 3
had an income of 2.5 to 4.5 LPA, and 2 had an income of less than 2.5
LPA.
Overall, the data suggests that the majority of parents in the survey had a high
level of education and were employed in well-paying jobs. This is likely to have
a positive impact on their children's academic success.
● 54.3% parents had 1 child
● 41.3% parents had 2 children
● 4.3% parents had 3 children

Project Name 53
● 52.2% parents had noticed changes in their child’s behavior and mood
recently
● 71.7% parents discussed mental issues with your child/children
● 61.7% had any concerns about their child's/children's mental health and
emotional well-being
● 89.1% discussed the negative impacts of drug or alcohol use with your
child/children

Project Name 54
Out of 46 responses,Parents told about the ways they supported their
child’s/children's academics and extra-curricular activities.The list is
mentioned below with the count
● 27 Parents said they connect their child/children with mentors or role
models in their area of interest
● 34 parents said that they supported their child/children in pursuing new
academic and extra curriculum activities
● 28 parents said that they attended parent- teacher conferences and
school events to stay informed
● 12 parents said that they followed all of the above mentioned factors
Out of 46 responses, 42 respondents felt that their child/children has a strong
support system of friends and family
● 56.5% of parents noticed changes in their child’s/children’s eating or
sleeping habits
● 52.2% of parents noticed changes in their child’s/children's social behavior
or relationship
● 71.7% of parents were comfortable discussing their child’s/children’s
mental health or emotional well-being with school staff or healthcare
professionals
● 4.3% of parents accepted that their child/children have received any mental
health services and counseling before
Based on the survey results, it can be concluded that a majority of parents are
aware of the importance of mental health and are taking steps to support their
children's emotional well-being. For example, 71.7% of parents discussed
mental health issues with their children and 61.7% had concerns about their
children's mental health. Additionally, 89.1% of parents discussed the negative
impacts of drug or alcohol use with their children.

Project Name 55
Parents are also taking steps to support their children's academics and extra-
curricular activities. For example, 27 parents connected their children with
mentors or role models in their area of interest, 34 parents supported their
children in pursuing new academic and extra curriculum activities, and 28
parents attended parent-teacher conferences and school events to stay
informed.
Finally, parents are comfortable discussing their children's mental health with
school staff or healthcare professionals. For example, 71.7% of parents were
comfortable discussing their children's mental health or emotional well-being
with school staff or healthcare professionals.
While these results are encouraging, it is important to note that not all parents
are aware of the importance of mental health or are taking steps to support
their children's emotional well-being. For example, only 4.3% of parents
accepted that their child/children have received any mental health services
and counseling before.
It is important to continue to raise awareness of mental health and to provide
parents with resources and support so that they can help their children thrive.

Project Name 56
Sure, here is a summary of the different ways people manage stress in their
lives:
● Talk to someone you trust: Talking about your problems can help you to
feel better and to get some perspective.
● Exercise: Exercise is a great way to relieve stress and to improve your
mood.
● Spend time in nature: Being in nature can help you to relax and to de-
stress.
● Practice relaxation techniques: Relaxation techniques such as yoga,
meditation, and deep breathing can help you to calm your mind and
body.
● Do something you enjoy: Doing something you enjoy can help you to
take your mind off of your stressors.
● Get enough sleep: When you're well-rested, you're better able to cope
with stress.
● Eat a healthy diet: Eating a healthy diet can help to improve your mood
and energy levels, which can make it easier to deal with stress.
● Avoid alcohol and drugs: Alcohol and drugs may seem like a way to
escape from stress, but they can actually make it worse in the long run.
● Seek professional help: If you're struggling to manage stress on your
own, don't hesitate to seek professional help. A therapist can teach you
coping skills and help you to develop a plan to manage your stress.
It's important to find what works best for you and to make stress management
a regular part of your life. By taking steps to manage stress, you can improve
your overall health and well-being.

Project Name 57
Here are some of the ways parents help their children manage stress:
● Talk to them. Talking to your child about their stressors can help them
feel heard and understood. It can also help them develop coping
mechanisms.
● Engage them in activities. Physical activity, creative activities, and
spending time in nature can all help reduce stress.
● Set limits. Helping your child set limits on their activities and
responsibilities can help them avoid feeling overwhelmed.
● Create a positive environment. A positive and supportive home
environment can help children feel safe and secure, which can reduce
stress levels.
● Seek professional help. If your child is struggling to manage stress, it
may be helpful to seek professional help. A therapist can teach your
child coping skills and help them develop a healthy relationship with
stress.
It is important to remember that everyone experiences stress differently. What
works for one child may not work for another. The most important thing is to
find what works best for your child and to be supportive and understanding.

Project Name 58
Here are some of the family and cultural factors that may impact a
child's mental health:
● Family structure: Children who grow up in single-parent
households or in families with high levels of conflict are more
likely to experience mental health problems.
● Parenting style: Authoritarian parenting styles, which are
characterized by high levels of control and low levels of warmth,
can lead to mental health problems in children.
● Family history of mental illness: Children who have a family
history of mental illness are more likely to develop mental health
problems themselves.
● Cultural beliefs: Some cultural beliefs can contribute to mental
health problems in children. For example, children who are
raised in cultures that emphasize obedience and conformity may
be more likely to develop anxiety disorders.
● Trauma: Children who experience trauma, such as abuse or
neglect, are more likely to develop mental health problems.

Project Name 59
It is important to remember that not all children who are exposed to
these factors will develop mental health problems. However, these
factors can increase a child's risk. If you are concerned about your
child's mental health, it is important to talk to a doctor or mental health
professional.
Here are some things that parents can do to help their children's
mental health:
● Create a positive and supportive home environment. Children
need to feel safe and loved in order to thrive.
● Talk to your children about their feelings. Let them know that it is
okay to feel sad, angry, or scared.
● Help your children develop coping skills. Teach them how to deal
with stress in a healthy way.
● Seek professional help if needed. If you are concerned about
your child's mental health, do not hesitate to seek professional
help.
Psychologist survey form

Project Name 60
● 25 psychologists responded to the survey.
● 24 of the psychologists were female and 1 was male.
● 3 psychologists were 22-30 years old, 12 were 31-40 years old, 9
were 41-50 years old, and 1 was 51-60 years old.
● 16 psychologists had a master's degree in psychology, 7 had a
PhD in psychology, 1 had a doctor of psychology, and 1 had a
bachelor's degree in psychology.
● 22 psychologists had permanent full-time employment, 2 had
non-permanent full-time employment, and 1 had permanent part-
time employment.
Overall, the data suggests that the majority of psychologists in the
survey were female, had a master's degree in psychology, and were
employed in permanent full-time jobs.

Project Name 61
All the respondents were agree with the importance of mental health intervention in
schools,21 respondents said that parents are not comfortable talking about their
child’s mental health issues in India
Following were the findings for the major causes of stress/depression among
school-going adolescents in India
● 21 respondents said that peer pressure and bad family situations due to any
reason like parent’s separation or scarcity of money at home
● 22 respondents said that bullying in schools/outside
● 23 respondents said that academic performance pressure by teachers and
parents and lack of communication between parents and child
Government could help to establish strategic mental health intervention rules
among school-going adolescents in India in the following mentioned ways
● As per the 23 respondents ,by developing mental health policies like
guidelines for mental health promotion in schools, the integration of mental
health services in the school system, and the development of mental health
curriculum and he government can take steps to reduce the stigma
surrounding mental health issues by promoting awareness and education
campaigns to help students, parents, and educators recognize the importance
of mental health and seek help when needed.
● 22 respondents said that the government can establish systems to monitor
and evaluate the effectiveness of mental health interventions in schools to
identify areas of improvement and to ensure that resources are being used
effectively

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