2. 2
Hard Copy okH;csif&if Printer vdkrSmjzpfw,f? VoIP okH;r,fqdk&if Head Phone ? WebCam ?
VideoCam vdkrSmjzpfw,f/ 'gawGuawmh Peripheral awGbJjzpfygw,f/ vdktyfrSwyfqif
okH;pGJ&r,fh Device awGbJjzpfygw,f/
Mother Board
Main Board [m Computer wpfckvkH;&Jut"duus System Circuit Board jzpfygw,f/
Computer &JU tpdwftydkif;tm;vkH;udk Board ay:rSmwyfqif&wJhtwGuf Mother Board vdkUac:
ygw,f/ CPU ? Main Memory eJUtjcm; Connector awGudk Mother Board ay:rSmbJquf
oG,f&wmjzpfygw,f/ Disk Drive awGjzpfwJU Floppy ? Compack Disk ? Hard Disk awGudk
vnf; Mother Board ay:rSmbJ qufoG,f&wmjzpfygw,f/ Mother Board awGrSm okH;pGJr,fh
CPU &JU tjrefESKef; ( Speed ) ay:rlwnfNyD; a½G;cs,f&w,f/ COM Port, Parallal Port awGu
ygNyD;jzpfw,f/ 'Dtjyif Sound ? VGA ? NIC ? USB ygwmawGu okH;r,fh vkyfief;tay: tajccH
NyD;a½G;cs,f&w,f/ Graphic Design, Video Editing, Game okH;r,fqdk &if 3D Accelerator ygwJh AGP
(Accelerator Graphic Port) Graphic Card udkokH;&rSmyg/ Graphic Card Memory 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB,
128 MB, 256 MB qdkNyD; xkwfvkyfolrsm;u Brand tpkHxkwfxm;ygw,f/ AGP Card awGrSm 2X ?
4X ? 8X qdkNyD;&Sdawmh M/B &JU Slot eJU udkufnDbdkUvdkygw,f/ CMOS( Complementary Metallic
Oxide Silicon ) Setting uawmh M/B ay:rlwnfNyD;tenf;i,f uGJjym;ayr,fh trsm;tm;jzifh
wlnDatmifjyKvkyfxm;ygw,f/ BIOS xJ0if&if rsm;aomtm;jzifh DEL ESdyfNyD;0if&w,f? tcsKdU
M/B awGrSmawmh Function Button ( F1, F2, F10) rsm;uae 0if&w,f/ pufrSm System Password
okH;xm;vdkUrod&if COMS Clear vkyfay;&w,f/ trsm;tm;jzifh COMS CLS qdkNyD; Jummer
ygavh&SdNyD; Short ay;NyD;jzKwf&w,f/ rygwJh M/B qdk&if Board Battery udk acwÅjzKwfvdkuf&if
CMOS setting jyKwfoGm;rSmjzpfw,f/ 'grS Board udkudkifvdkU&rSmjzpfygw,f/ rdrdokH;r,fh
vkyfief;ay:rlwnfNyD; Mother Board udka½G;cs,foifhw,f/
Central Processing Unit ( CPU )
CPU( Microprocessor ) qdkwm Computer wpfvkH;&JU t"dutpdwftydkif;jzpfw,f/ tvG,f
wul CPU eJU P2 P3? P4 vdkUajymavh&Sdw,f/ wpfcsdKUu uGefysLwm&JUOD;aESmufvdkUawmifqdk
Muw,f/ CPU [m Computer &JU tjrefESKef;(Clock Speed) jzpfNyD; Unit udk HZ eJUowfrSwfw,f/
CPU &UJ Type onf Socket 7 ? Socket 370 ? 478 ? 775 qdkNyD; Pins eJU&Sdw,f/ M/B
eJUudkvnf; udkufnDatmif a½G;&w,f/ ,cif Intel u 386 KHZ? 486 KHZ qdkNyD;pcJhw,f/
Pentium 1 (P1) u 100 to 200 MHz atmuf ? P2 u 200 to 600 MHz atmuf? P3 u 600
MHz to 1.2 GHz xd ? P4 u 1.2 txufjzpfNyD; 3.2 GHz a&mufaeNyDjzpfygw,f/ Semi
Temporary Memory (Cache) onfvnf; ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ aemufydkif; CPU awGrSm Cache u
ESpfckygwJh twGuf Data udk Cache wpfck? Instruction Code udk Cache wpfckcGJNyD;
tvkyfvkyfay;wm jzpfygw,f/ Intel u xkwfwJh Pentium eJU Celeron rSm Cache uGmNyD;
tjrefESKef; ESifh wefzdk; vnf;uGmygw,f/ Internet eJU t"dutvkyfvkyfr,fqdk&if
Pentium(Classic) udkbJ a½G;oifhw,f/ Celeron raumif;vdkUr[kwfygbl;/ vkyfief;ay:rlwnfNyD;
olUwefzdk;ESifholokH;vdkUaumif;ygw,f/ HT (Hyper-Threading Technology) &wJh CPU qdk&if M/B
rSm HT udk Enable ay;&w,f/ 'grS CPU &JU Capacity tjynfh&rSmjzpfygw,f/ aemufydkif;rSm
Written by Major ToeAung
3. 3
enf;ynmjrifhwJh Dual Core CPU awG ay:vmNyDjzpfygw,f/ CPU [m tyl&SdefjrifhwJhypönf;
wpfckyg/ CPU Heat Sink ? Cooling Fan ? Seal [m ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ Heat odyfwufae&if puf
Hang avh&Sdw,f/ jzpfzefrsm;&if CPU ? CPU Socket ? Memory eJU M/B avmifwufw,f/
Hardware Sensors Monitor? CPU Cool wdkUvdk Freeware eJUMunfhvdkU&ygw,f? owfrSwf
tylcsdeftwGuf Warning Sound xnfhxm;vdkU&ygw,f/
Random Access Memory ( RAM )
RAM [m Physical Memory jzpfNyD; Byte eJUowfrSwfygw,f/ tvkyfvkyfwJh pm;yGJrsufESm
jyifwpfckvdkygbJ/ Memory rsm;&ifrsm;ovdk tvkyfBuD;BuD;vkyfEdkifrSmyg/ odrf;qnf;EdkifwJh
Device jzpfayr,fh tvkyfvkyfaepOf ,m,DbJjzpfygw,f/ tokH;jyKaewJh Application udk Save
rvkyfbJ Power ydwf^ysufoGm;&if bmrS&SdrSmr[kwfawmhygbl;/EDO(Extended Data Output)? SD-
RAM (Synchronized Dynamic)? DDR (Double Data Rate) qdkNyD;xkwfvkyfxm;ygw,f/ EDO awG[m
72 Pins SIMM awGjzpfw,f/ DIMM taeeJYvnf;&Sdwwfygw,f/ SD RAM rsm;onf System
Clock ESifh Synchronize vkyfxm;jcif;jzpfygw,f/ 168 Pins DIMM jzpfygw,f/ DDR SD RAM
awG[m SD RAM &JU Circle wdkif;udk Process ESpfckvkyfapwmjzpfygw,f/ 184 Pins jzpfNyD;
½dk;½dk; SD RAM eJY t&G,fwljzpfygNyD; Slot rwlnDyg/ M/B ay:rlwnfNyD; b,fvdktrsKd;tpm;okH;
&r,fqdkwm a½G;cs,fay;&rSmyg/ Card ay:rSm&SdwJU Pins rlwnfNyD; SIMM (Single Inline Memory
Module)? DIMM(Double Inline Memory Module) qdkNyD;vnf; od&rSmjzpfw,f/ Memory udk 4 MB ? 8
MB ? 16 MB ? 32 MB ? 64 MB ? 128 MB ? 256 MB ? 512 MB qdkNyD;awGU&ygw,f/ SD-RAM rSm 256
xdawGU&NyD; DDR rSmawmh 128 MB upNyD;txufudkawGU&ygw,f/ aemufydkif; M/B awGrSm
EDO-RAM awG rokH;awmhygbl;/ Computer wpf v k H ; ud k Upgrade vk y f r ,f q d k & if Memory
udkxyfwdk;wmtvG,fqkH;enf;yg/ Memory xyfxnfhr,f qdk&if SD-RAM awGrSm
t"dutm;jzifh Clock jzpfwJh PC 66 ? 75 ? 83 ? 100 ? PC 133 wlnDatmif a½G;cs,fay;&w,f/ M/B
&JU Clock eJYvnf;udkufnD&w,f/ DDR rSmqdk&if PC 1600 (DDR 200)? PC 2100 (DDR 266)? PC
2700 (DDR333)? PC 3100 (DDR400) &Sdygw,f/ DDR 200 ? 266 ? 333 ? 400 qdkwm Speed (Hz)
jzpfNyD; PC 2700 ? 3100 qdkwm Data Transfer Speed (Byte Per Second) udkazmfjywmjzpfyg
w,f/ DDR SD RAM &JU Bandwidth u 1 MHz udk 8 Bytes &Sdw,f/ 256 MB ausmfvdkY
xyfwdk;wJhtcg wpfcsdKU Crack jzpfwmawGU&w,f/ Clock? Brand wlwmwyfrSaocsmw,f/
Board uvnf; Support vkyf&r,f/ Memory udk b,favmuftxdwdk;vdkU&r,fqdkwm M/B ay:
rSmrlwnfw,f/
Hard Disk Drive
Hard Disk(C:) [m Data awGudkodrf;qnf;wJh Permenant Storage Device jzpfygw,f/
Computer wpfvkH;rSmr&Sdrjzpf&Sdae&rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf Fix Disk (Non-Removable) vdkUvnf;ac:Muyg
w,f/ odrf;qnf;EdkifwJhyrmPudk Mega Bytes(106) ? Giga Bytes (109) eJUowfrSwfygw,f/ 10 GB ?
20 GB ? 30 GB ? 40 GB ? 60 GB ? 80GB qdkNyD;&Sdygw,f/ tckqdk&if 300 GB txufawmif
okH;aeNyDjzpfygw,f/ RAM udktvkyfvkyfwJhpm;yGJrsufESmjyifwpfckvdkUowfrSwf&if HDD [m tvkyf
u AD'dkwpfckyg/ odrf;qnf;EdkifwJhyrmPtjyif HDD &JU vnfywfEdkifwJhESKef; 5400 RPM ? 7200
RPM qdkNyD;&Sdygw,f/ 'gu Computer &JUtjrefESKef;twGuf wpfpdwfwpfydkif;qdkifygw,f/
Written by Major ToeAung
4. 4
'gtjyif Data Transfer Rate u Ultra DMA 100 jzpfw,f/ 100 MB/s udkqdkvdkwmyg/ HDD
(2)vkH;udk IDE(Integrated Drive Electronic) Cable wpfBudK;xJrSmwJGNyD;wyfr,fqdk&if Master ? Slave ?
Cable Select qdkwJh Jumper rsm;rSm wpfckudk Master ? usefwpfckudk Slave rSmxm;NyD;
wyfqif&w,f/ omref Computer wpfvkH;rSm Hard Disk (4)vkH; wyfqifEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/
wpfu,fvdkU CD Drive eJU wyfqif&if HDD udk Master ? CD udk Slave rSmxm;&rSmjzpfyg
w,f/ HardDisk BuD;&if Partation cGJxm;oifhygw,f/ aemufydkif;rSmawmh SATA ( Serial AT
Attachment ) Cable okH; HDD awGvnf;ay:vmaeNyDjzpfygw,f/ Data Speed eJYqdkifw,f/
CD Drive
[m Front End User awGtwGufr&SdrjzpfvdktyfwJh Device jzpfygw,f/
Compact Disk Drive
CD ROM udk a&;^zwfzdkUjzpfygw,f/ CD awGuawmh Removable Disk awGjzpfygw,f/
zwfwmbJaqmif½GufEdkifwJh CD-ROM ( Read Only )? a&;zwfEdkifwJh CD R ( Recordable )
qdkNyD;&Sdygw,f/ ,ckaemufydkif;rSmokH;wJh Data awGBuD;vmwJh twGuf tvG,fwula½GUajymif;
o,f,lEdkifatmif CD-R/W awGbJtokH;rsm;ygw,f/ wefzdk;u vnf;t&rf;oufomaeNyDjzpfyg
w,f/ aemuf ydkif;rSm Data udk 4 GB txdodrf;EdkifwJh DVD(Digital video Disk) awG&Sdvmovdk
DVD Drive awGvnf;ay:vmygw,f/ ol[mvnf; Storage Device bJjzpfygw,f/ CD RW ?
DVD ROM tm;vkH;yg0ifwJh Combo Drive awGay:aeygNyD/ wefzdk;uvnf; t&rf;oufom
ygw,f/ DVD Writer awGawmifay:aeygNyD/ aps;uawmhenf;enf;BuD;ao;wmaygh/
Floppy Drive(A:)
[m ,cifur&SdrjzpfvdktyfwJh Device jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u Floppy
Floppy Disk Drive
t½G,ftpm;u 5 1/4" &Sdw,f/ tck Floppy u 3 1/2" bJ&Sdawmhw,f/ Capacity uvnf;
1.44MB txdwufvmNyDjzpfw,f/ Boot udk Floppy(A:) eJY pwuf&wmyg/ Floppy udka&;zwf
vkyfwJh Drive jzpfygw,f/ tcku Windows XP txd Bootable CD awG&Sdvmawmh
rvdkawmhbl;aygh/ USB Port rSmwyfokH;wJh Memory Stick ( Thumb Drive) awGay:vmawmh wpfcsKdU
User awG Floppy Drive rwufMuawmhbl;/ Memory Stick uvnf; 64 MB u ae 1 GB
xd&Sdawmhydkvnf;qefU? Data Transfer Rate uvnf; USB 2.0 qdk&if 440 Mbps &Sd
awmhjrefw,fav/ USB u 12Mbps &Sdw,f/ 5 GB &SdwJh Memory Stick awGokH;aeNyDjzpfyg
w,f/ Data Traveler bJjzpfygw,f/
VGA(Video Graphic Array) Card
VGA Card [m Display Adapter wpfckjzpfNyD; Monitor wGifykH&dyfrsm;azmfjy&eftwGufjzpfyg
w,f/ VGA Card udk PCI ( Peripheral Connectivity Interface ) ESifh AGP (Accelerator Graphic
Port) Slot awGrSmwyfqifokH;pGJ&ygw,f/ AGP rSmpdkufr,fqdk&if MB &JU Support ESifhudkufnD
atmifa½G;cs,f&ygw,f/ Graphic Card Memory 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB qdkNyD;
xkwfvkyfolrsm;u Brand tpkHxkwfxm;ygw,f/ AGP Card awGrSm 2X ? 4X ? 8X qdkNyD;&Sdawmh
M/B &JU Slot eJU udkufnDbdkUvdkygw,f/ aemufydkif;rSm PCI Express qdkNyD; topfxGufvmyg
w,f/ Video Card &JUpGrf;aqmif&nfudk Technicians trsm;pk[m 16 bits ? 24 Bits Card
vdkYokH;ESKef;avh&Sdygw,f/ 'guawmh 2 colors = 1 bits (Mono) ? 4 colors = 2 bits ? 16
Written by Major ToeAung
5. 5
colors = 4 bits ? 256 colors = 8 bits ? 64K colors = 16 bits ESifh 16 MB colors = 24
bits aMumifhjzpfygw,f/ rdrd&JU Card [m 64K at Colors okH;Edkifw,fqdk&if 16 Bits
okH;Edkifw,fvdkUyJajymqdkwmudkqdkvdkwmjzpfygw,f/
Sound Card
Sound Card [m toHokH;pGJ&eftwGufjzpfygw,f/ Sound Card [m Computer xJu
Digital Format eJYodrf;xm;wJh toH File rsm;udk Speaker uae toHtjzpf Output
xkwfay;jcif; ESifh jyifyrStoHrsm;udk Input taygufrSwqifh Digital Format tjzpf Computer
twGif;odrf;qnf;jcif;ponfh tvkyfESpfckvkyfaqmifay;onf/ PC Speaker wyfqif&ef Line Out
(Green) ? tjcm; Device rsm;rStoH,l&ef Line In (Blue) ESifh MicroPhone wyfqif&ef MIC
In (Pink) wdkY&Sdygw,f/ 'gtjyif Musical Instruments rsm; ESifh Game Pad ? Joy Stick rsm;
wyfqifokH;pGJEdkifwJh 15 Pins Female Port wpfckyg0ifygw,f/ aemufydkif; Main Board rsm;wGif
Sound Built-In wnfaqmufxm;wmaMumifhoD;oefY Sound Card wyfqif&efrvdktyfwm awGY&
rSmjzpfygw,f/
Network Card
Network Card [m wpfvkH;eJYwpfvkH; uGef,ufcsdwfqufokH;pGJzdkUjzpfygw,f/
Computer
Network Interface Card (NIC) vdkYvnf;ac:w,f/ ,cifu Computer rsm;[m Stand Alone
taeeJYomtvkyfvkyfcJhMuayr,fh ,aeYacwfrSm Data Sharing twGuf uGef,ufcsdwfqufokH;pGJ
aeNyDjzpfygw,f/ uGef,ufcsdwfquftokH;rsm;vmwmaMumifh Mother Board rsm;rSm Built - In yg
vmwmawGU&ygw,f/
Casing with Power Supply
Casing[m r&SdrjzpfvdktyfwJh Device jzpfygw,f/ Casing twGif;rSm Computer &JU tpdwf
tydkif;tm;vkH;udkxnfhoGif;xm;wJhtwGuf System Unit vdkYvnf;ac:ygw,f/ Compact Casing
eJU ( Mini ? Mrdium ? Full )Tower Casing qdkNyD;ESpfrsKd;&Sdygw,f/ Computer trsKd;tpm;eJU Casing
roufqdkifyg/ rdrdwyfqifvdkonfhtay:rlkwnfNyD; Casing t½G,ftpm;udka½G;cs,f&rSmjzpfyg
w,f/ Branded PC rsm;wGif Model tvdkuf Casing udkowfrSwfxkwfvkyfwm&Sdygw,f/ Power
Supply rSm AT(Advanced Technology) eJU ATX (Advanced Technology Extension) ESpfrsKd;&Sdygw,f/ AT
u Main Board ay:u Power BudK;wyf&if Connector &JY teufa&mifESpfckudktv,frSmxm;NyD;wyf&
w,f/ ATX awGrSmu Connector eJY Socket udkykHpHusjyKvkyfxm;wJhtwGuf pepfwuswyfqif&if
rSm;p&mr&Sdyg/ Main Board ay: rSmwyfqif&ef Connector ESifh tjcm; Devices awGwyfqif&ef
Connector rsm;yg0ifygw,f/ t"duvkyfaqmifcsufuawmh AC 220 Volts uae DC ±12 Volts
? ±5 Volts xkwfay;wmyg/ rdrdwyfqifwJh Device rsm;aevdkY Connector eJYrvkHavmufcJh&if
Splitter wyfqifokH;pGJ&ygw,f/ Power Supply &JY Watt tm;ay:rlwnfNyD; wyfqifEdkifygw,f/
omreftm;jzifh 230 Watts &Sdyg w,f/ System Unit twGuf 150 Watts ? Monitor twGuf 80
Watts cefUokH;pGJygw,f/ Power Supply [mtyljrifhwJh Device wpfckjzpfawmh olY&JUaemufbufrSm
ygwJh Cooling Fan [mvnf;ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ Fan rvnf&ifanmfeHYxGufygw,f/ Mum&if
awmhavmifoGm;rSmyg/ Casing qdk&if Power Supply ygNyD;jzpfw,f/ Casing udka½G;cs,f&if
Written by Major ToeAung
6. 6
udk,fokH;r,fh Main Board Desing eJY udkufnDwmokH;&r,f/ aemufydkif; P4 Casing awGrSm M/B
twGuf ESpfouf&mwyfqifvdkY&atmif Port ae&mtydwf[mt&Sif jzpfNyD; M/B rSmvnf; ol&JU
Port Design twdkif;wyfqifzdkU I/O Shield ygvmNyD;jzpfygw,f/ Power Supply udkawmh
rdrd&JUpufrSmwyfqifr,fh Device awGay:rlwnfNyD; 250w uae 450W txd&SdwJhtxJu udkufnD
wmudka&G;&rSmyg/ rvdktyfyJtm;tBuD;okH;&ifvnf; Power pm;wmomtzwfwifrSmyg/ yg0genf;
NyD;okH;wmrsm;&ifvnf; pufu CD Drive rodvdkuf HardDisk rodvdkufeJU bmjzpfrSef;rodjzpf
wwfygw,f/ csdefqNyD;okH;wwfbdkUvdkygw,f
Monitor
Monitor [m Display wpfckjzpfNyD; azmfjyvdkwJhtcsuftvufawGudk Monitor Screen rSm
jrifawGU&rSmygw,f/ Monitor rSm CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube ) eJY LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display )
qdkNyD; ESpfrsKd;&Sdygw,f/ Monitoer t&G,ftpm;udk 14” ? 15” ? 17” ? 19” qdkNyD;&Sdygw,f/
,cktcsdefrSm Standard taeeJY 15” udkokH;Muygw,f/ CRT Monitor rSm Cathode Ray Tube qdk
wJh qvif'gykHwpfzufusOf; Main Vacuum Tube wpfckyg0ifygw,f/ usOf;ajrmif;wJhtpGef;
[m Phosphor okwfxm;wJh Display eJY uGufwdjzpfygw,f/ usOf;ajrmif;wJh tpGef;wpfzufrSm
Electron Guns (3)ck yg0ifygw,f/ Electron Guns rS Electron rsm;udkwpfzufpGef;qDodkY xkwf
vTwfygonf/ Yoke ( Electromeagnetic Field ) rsm;onf Electron Beam rsm;tjzpf Phosphor
Coating ay:usa&mufNyD; tvif;tjzpfykHazmfay;í tcsuftvufrsm;? ½kyfykHrsm;udk Monitor ay:
rSmazmfjyay;jcif;jzpfygonf/
KeyBoard
onf ñTefMum;csufrsm;ay;&efESifh tcsuftvufrsm;oGif;&eftwGuf okH;pGJaom
Keyboard
Input Device jzpfygonf/ PC wpfvkH;rSmr&Sdrjzpfvdktyfygw,f/ Keyboard trsKd;tpm;ESpfrsKd;&Sdyg
onf/ DIM Type ( AT Keyboard )(acgif;tBuD;) ESifh Mini Dim ( PS 2 Keyboard )(acgif;tao;)
wdkYjzpfygonf/ Main Board ESifh Keyboard Type rwlnDygu Converter Plug okH;pGJaqmif½Guf
Edkifonf/
Mouse
Mouse onf Monitor wGif GUI (Graphical User Interface) jzifhazmfjyaeaomae&mwGif
trdefYay;jcif;rsm;aqmif½Gufjcif;udkokH;onf/ Mouse trsKd;tpm;(3)rsKd; &Sdygonf/ Serial (acgif;
tBuD;) ? PS 2 (acgif;tao;) ESifh USB wdkYjzpfygonf/ Main Board ESifh Mouse Type rwlnDyg
u Converter Plug okH;pGJaqmif½GufEdkifonf/
===============================================
Software
Software ydkif;taeeJUu System Software(Operating System) ?
eJU Utility qdkNyD;
Application
avhvm&rSmyg/ Operating System udka½G;cs,f&mrSm rdrdpuf&JU Hardware ay:rSmrlwnfygw,f/
CPU Speed ? RAM ? HDD Space twGufjzpfygw,f/ Window XP qdk&if CPU 400MHz ? RAM
128MB(Recommand) avmufrSNidrfrSmyg/ HDD Space qdk&if 2 GB avmufae&mawmh Application
Software ae&mtwGuf eJU okH;pGJolvkyfief;ay:rlwnfNyD; 2GB &JU 3^4 q txufawmhtenf;qkH;
Written by Major ToeAung
7. 7
&Sdoifhygw,f/ Hardware rvdkufEdkifbJ Windows tjrifhwifxm;&if tjynfht0 tvkyfrvkyfEdkif
ovdk pufvnf;twif;½kef;ae&awmh av;uefaerSmyg/
Operating System rSm Microsoft &JU Windows taeeJUpxGufpOfu Office okH;eJU
Network okH;qdkNyD; cGJxGufvmwmyg/ Professional version ESifh txuf XP upNyD; oD;oefU
r&Sdawmhygbl;/
pOf Office okH; Network okH;
1 MS DOS
2 Windows 3.11
3 Windows 95 Windows NT
4 Windows 98 Windows NT 3
5 Windows 98 SE Windows NT 4
6 Windows ME Windows 2000
7 Windows XP
8 Windows Vista
usefwJh Operating System awGuawmh Machantoc ( Apple vdkUvnf;ac:Muw,f/) ? Unix
Linux pwmawGbJjzpfygw,f/ Apple uawmh Press orm;awG ? Graphic Professionals awGokH;
wmrsm;ygw,f/ Unix uawmh Hardware eJU Software Dedicated jzpfawmh 'DrSmodyfrokH;Mu
ygbl;/ Software udkrjzpfraeokH;rSyJ okH;wmrsm;ygw,f/ Linux uawmh Open Source System
jzpfawmh tckaemufydkif;rSmtokH;rsm;vmw,f/ 'gayr,fh Back End rSmokH;wmrsm;w,f/
Security vnf; Windows xuftrsm;BuD;omygw,f/ Front End rSmuawmh Computer okH;pGJrI
wGifus,fvmcsdefrSm Window udk ,Ofyg;aeawmh User Friendly jzpfrI r,SOfNydKifEdkifao;ygbl;/
OS Softrware rSmvnf; Bootable awG&SdvmygNyD/
Application Software taeeJUrjzpfrae Windows okH;wmqdkawmh Microsoft Office BuD;udk
okH;&rSmbJjzpfw,f/ Computer udkokH;rSawmhpmpDpm½kduftenf;qkH;awmhokH;&rSmbJjzpfygw,f/
Adobe uqdk&if PageMaker udkokH;&rSmyg/ aemufydkif;rSmqdk&if Indesign aygh/ Graphic udkokH;
r,fqdk&if Adobe Photoshop ? Illustrator eJU Corel Photopaint ? CorelDraw awGokH;&rSmyg/
Utility uawmh okH;r,fhvkyfief;ay:rlwnfNyD; &Sdxm;oifhw,f/ jrefrm Font CD &Sd&rSmyg/
System Management vkyfr,fhol[m tenf;qkH; ckvdk Software awG&Sdxm;oifhygw,f/
Installation udk tqifhvdkufpepfwusvkyfaqmifwwfbdkUvdkygw,f/
==============================================
Computer wpf v H k ; wyf q if j cif ;
1/ Motherboard udk Casing rSmwyfr,fqdk&if M/B ay:rSm&SdwJh vdktyfwJhae&mawGrSm Clip/ Pin
(Plastic) udkOD;pGm wyfyg/
2/ CPU udkwyf&if pepfwusvkyf&ygr,f/ trSm;rcHygbl;/
M/B rSm&SdwJh CPU Lock udk 90H axmifyg/
Written by Major ToeAung
8. 8
CPU udkowfrSwfxm;wJh trSwfeJU M/B ay:utrSwfudk tH0ifcGifusMunfhNyD; Pins
awGpepfwus0ifatmifwyfyg/ tm;oHk;NyD;rzd&yg/
NyD;aemuf CPU Lock udk pepfwusjyefí Lock vkyfyg/
CPU FAN tm;wyfyg/NyD;rS FAN Power MudK;udkwyfqifyg/
3/ RAM udk oufqdkif&m slot wGifwyfqifyg/
4/ M/B udk Casing wGifwyfqifyg/
5/ HDD , CD Drive, Floppy Drive rsm;udkwyfqifyg/
6/ NyD;aemuf IDE Cable , Power MudK;rsm;udk wyfqifyg/ t"dutcsufu Power ? HDD ?
Restart pwJh Pin av;awGwyfqif&mrSmrSefuefzdkUygbJ/
7/ Graphic Card, NIC, Modem, TV Tuner Card rsm;oHk;pGJrnfqdkygu,if;wdkUudkwyfqifyg/
System wpfcktwGuf Hardware ydkif;qdkif&m Install vkyfNyD;om;jzpfygw,f/
Software ydkif; Install vkyf&efOD;pGm System software (O/S) udkwif&ygonf/,if;odkUaqmif
&Guf&ef ( CMOS Setting ) udkodzdkUvdkygw,f/ rjzpfraeodoifhwmu azmfjyay;xm;yg
w,f/ rjzpfraeodoifhwm azmfjyay;xm;ygr,f/ Boot Sequence udk CD eJUay;jyD; OD;pGm
wyf&ygr,f/ F 10 Save & Exit NyD;&if Win 98 Bootable CD udkxnfhjYyD; pufudkwyfyg/ HDD
udk OD;pGmudkif&rSmjzpfygw,f/
CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) SETTING
BIOS xJ0ifcsif&if pufpzGifhwmeJU DEL ESdyf (wpfcsdKUpufrsm; F1, F2, F10 ponfh Function
Key rsm;udkESdyf&onf/)/ NyD;&if CMOS udkjyifqif&rSmyg/
- STANDARD COMS SETUP
- HDD rSm xm;
Auto
- Floppy – 1.44 MB ajymif; ( Drive A:)
- Halt on : ( STOP vdkUt"dyÜg,f&w,f/) All Errors ysufaewm^rawGUwmawG&Sd&if
System wpfckvHk;&yfcdkif;wmyg/ (odkUr[kwf) pdwfMudKufajymif;xm;Edkifygonf/
BIOS FEATURES SETUP
- Virus Warning – Disable vkyfxm;&r,f/ Enable qdk&if tcsKdUpufrsm;rSm Window
rwufwm awGU&w,f/
- CPU Internal Cache – Enablexm;&r,f/ Disable qdk&if RAM rSwdkuf½kduf zwf&wJh
twGuf pufwufwm? tvkyfvkyfwmMumr,f/
- External Cache – Enable xm;oifhw,f/ tqifrajyrSom Disable xm;oifhw,f/
- Quick Power on Self Test : Enable
- Boot Sequence – vdkcsifovdkajymif;xm;Edkifw,f/ Default uawmh Floppy ? HDD?
CDROM jzpfygw,f/ Windows udkvkyfr,fh Boot Disk ay:rSmrlwnfrSmbJ
jzpfw,f/ tckaemufydkif;uawmh CDROM udkay;ygw,f/
- Swap Floppy Disk – yHkrSef Disable xm;&r,f/ DriveA: ESifhB udk Change csif&if
Enable ay;&r,f/ Floppy (2) vHk;&Sd&if Command utqifajyw,f/
- Boot up Num Lock Status – On &r,f/ Off &if Num [m Arrow Key jzpfoGm;r,f/
Written by Major ToeAung
9. 9
Integrated Peripherals
- IDE HDD Block Mode : Enable / Disable
- IDE Master/ slave : Auto
- On – Chip Primary PCI / IDE : Enable ay;&r,f/ Disable ay;vdkuf&if HDD udk
azsmufypfvdkufr,f/
- On – Chip Second IDE : Enable
- USB Controller : pdwfMudKuf
- On board FDC (Floppy Disk Controller ): - Enable xm;&w,f/ Disable qdk&if Floppy
udkrawGUawmhbl;/
- On board Parallel Port : Disable ay;xm;&if Printer xkwfr&awmhwmrsdK;jzpfr,f/
378/ IRQ 7 wGif yHkrSefxm;&r,f/
Superior Password
Password vkyfNyD; BIOS Features Setup Pages wGif Security Option wGif Setup / System
xm;í&onf/
- Setup - CMOS Setup
- System – Windows.
============================================
HDD wpf v H k ; ud k p ud k i f r ,f q d k & if -
pufwpfvkH;rSmvdktyfwJh Hardware ydkif;wyfqifNyD; CMOS jyifqifNyD;&if pufudkEdI;&rSmyg/
tJ'Dvdk M/B eJY wyfqifxm;wJh Hardware ydkif;odNyD;&if Harddisk udk Operating System wifzdkY
atmufygtwdkif; Primary DOS Partation aqmif½Gufjyifqif&rSmyg/
(1) Partition vkyf&if Fix Disk eJU0if&w,f/ command : fdisk eJU0if&w,f/
(2) MBR (Master Boot Record)
(3) FAT (File Allocation Transfer)
(4) Directory Area
(5) Data Area
HDDudkjyif&ef A: rS0ifjcif;onf opfyifwpfyifckwfr,fqdk&if yifpnfrSckwfovdkyg/C: rS
jyifjcif;onf opfudkif;ay:rSxdkifckwfjcif;jzpfonf/ Boot Sequence udk CMOS setting rSm A:
jyifay;&r,f/ NyD;&if SYS Disk A: Boot able CD tm;xnfhNyD; Computer udkrD;zGifhyg/
A:> ay:vmr,f /
FDISK A:> fdisk ↵ ( FAT 16 – 2GB yJ&w,f? FAT 32 rS 2GB above &rSmjzpfw,f/)
Fix Disk Option xJa&mufr,f/
tckaemufydkif; Bootable CD awG&Sdvmawmh Boot Sequence udk CMOS setting rSm
CDROM jyifay;NyD;0if&if&ygw,f/
1. Create Dos Partition - aqmufcsif&if 'Duaeaqmuf&r,f(topf)/
ta[mif;qdk&if (3)eJU zsufNyD;rS(1) ESifhaqmuf&r,f/
2. Set active Partition
3. Delete partition – Partitionzsufr,f/
4. Display Partition – Partition tajctaeudkod&r,f/
Written by Major ToeAung
10. 10
- Primary ,Extented ,Logical Partition tpOfvdkufaqmuf&r,f/
- Partition zsufcsif&if- Logical , ext , primary tpOfvdkufjyefzsuf&r,f/
- Partition aqmufcsif&if- 1 udkESdyf Maximum (YES) enter ay;jyD; restart jyefvkyf/
- zsuf&iff NTSF qddk&if Non-Dos jzifhzsuf&r,f/
Partition zsuf^aqmufjyD;wdkif; Crtl + Alt + Del jzifh Restart vkyf&r,f/ Partition
ESpfpkcGJcsif&if PRI – DOS ESifh EXT – DOS cGJqdkNyD;cJG&r,f/ 3pkcGJcsifvQif PRI –DOS ESifhEXT –DOS cGJ?
EXT-DOS tm; 2ckjyefcGJ&r,f/ HDD topfwpfvHk;0,fvm&if yxrOD;qHk; Partition cGJjyD; Format
vkyf&r,f/ HDD wGif Partition r&SdcJhyJpufudk Run &if-
- A:> C:
Invalid drive specification Error qdkwJh Message wufvmrSmbJjzpfygw,f/'gqdk
&if Partition aqmuf&r,f/
- A:> F disk Enter
F disk Option xJa&mufr,f Partition aqmufr,f ESC vkyfNyD; Restart vkyfr,f A:>
ay:vmr,f/
- A:> C Enter
– C:> Dir Enter
Invalid Media type Reading Drive C: qdkwJh Message wufvmrSmjzpfygw,f/
'gqdk&if HardDisk udk Format cs&rSmbJjzpfygw,f/
- C:> A: Enter
- A:> Format C: Enterqdk&if Data awGtm;vkH;udkzsufr,fqdkwJh Message
wufvmrSmyg/ Format csr,fqdkawmh YES udka½G;cs,fNyD; Enter acgufygu Format vkyfrSmjzpfyg
w,f/ Format vkyfNyD;&if -
- A:> Dir C: Enter
- Volume In drive C:
- File not Found qdkw,fh Message ay:vmr,f/ NyD;&iff A: udkxkwfNyD; Restart vkyf
Invalid System Disk qdkNyD;ay:vmr,f A: xnfhNyD; Enter acgufr,f A:> ay:vmr,f/
- A:> Sys C: Enter
- System Transferred ay:vmr,f/
- C:> Dir --- Enter qdk&if File awGUr,f /
- C:> Dir / ah ----- Enter qdk&if Hidden File ygawGUr,f/ A: udkxkwfNyD; Restart vkyf&if
C: > ay:vm&if HDD tqifoifhjzpfNyD C:> A: Enter
- A: > F Disk Enter – F disk Option xJrS(4) qdk&if Partition Information ay:vmr,f/
- Format C: tpm; Format C: / S qdkNyD; Short Cut oHk;NyD;&if Format a&m System a&m
Transferred vkyfoGm;rSmjzpfw,f/ 'gqdk&if HardDisk wpfvkH;twGuf Primary Dos Partation
aqmufNyD;jzpfvdkY Operating System (Windows) wpfckwif&ef toifhjzpfygw,f/ 'gutopfudk
vkyfaqmifcsufqdkayr,fh ta[mif;udk udkif&ifvnf; 'Dtqifhtwdkif;bJjzpfygw,f/ ta[mif;qdk
&if vdktyf&if Scan Disk eJY Bad Sector ppfaq;ay;NyD;rS vkyfaqmifoifhygw,f/
Written by Major ToeAung
12. 12
wkH;u taumif; pufydwfNyD;jyefzGifawmhhr&wmrsKd;? &vdkuf^r&vdkufjzpfwmwdkU (aemufqkH; udkif
wG,foluawmh w&m;cHjzpfaeavh&Sdw,f? tenf;qkH;awmh tqlcH&rSmaocsmw,f? uHraumif;
&ifjyifc avsmfay;&rSmaocsmw,f? tJ'DrSmaMumufNyD; pufrudkif&J? rudkifcsif jzpfwwfw,f/)?
Card pdkufwmawGrSmjzpfavh&Sdygw,f/ jzKwfNyD; t0wfEkEkudk t&ufysHqGwfNyD; (bmrSrSmr&wJh
ae&mrSm t0wfMurf;Murf;eJUaumfywfpm;ovdk wdkufNyD; oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfay;ygw,f/) Card ay:
u Slot rSmpdkufwJhae&mudk oefU&Sif;ajymifaeatmifwdkufNyD; pepfwusjyefwyfyg/ 'grSr&&if
Computer tydk&Sdae&if tJ'D Card awGudk wpfckcsif;vJvS,f? pdkufMunfhNyD; ysuf^rysuf prf;
oyfEdkifygw,f/ taumif;prf;oyf&ef Card rsm;&Sdyguvnf; wpfckcsif;vJvS,f? pdkufMunfhNyD;
prf;oyfEdkifygw,f/ Sound Card wdkY? NIC wdkYaMumifhcsKd,Gif;rIqdk&if jzKwfxm;NyD; pufjyefwuf
wmeJYvnf; aumif;avh&Sdygw,f/ rygvnf;okH;&wmudk;/ 'grSr[kwf&if topfpdkuf&rSmyg/
jrnfaewJhtoHu qufwdkufjrnfaeNyD; Computer bufubmrSvnf;rjybJ System ydwfrS&yf
oGm;wmrsKd;qdk&ifawmh CPU csdKU,Gif;wmjzpfygw,f/ Memory vnf;jzpfEdkifao;ygw,f/
2/ pufawmhwufw,f? Windows rwufjzpfae&if pufpzGifhwmeJY F8 udkESdyfyg/ Windows
Crash jzpfwmr[kwf&if Safe Mode? Normal Windows ? Step by Step awGeJYwufzdkY Massage
ay:vmrSmyg/ Safe Mode eJY Windows t&ifwufyg? NyD;awmh Restart jyefvkyfygu Normal
Windows eJYwufvmrSmyg/ t"dyÜg,fuawmh aemufqkH;pufwufcJhwJh taumif;qkH;tajctaejyef
a&mufatmifvkyfwJhoabmyg/ r&cJh&if Safe Mode rSm Graphic Drive Installation udk Check
vkyf?tukef Uninstall vkyfNyD;pufjyefwufwmeJY Windows wufrSmyg/ Graphic Driver ½IwfaxG;
NyD; pufrwufEdkifwmyg/ tJ'DvdkrSrwufao;&if uRrf;usifoltqifhqdk&if Step by Step
Configuration eJY vdkwmudk YES ? rvdkwmudk NO ay;NyD;&ifvnf; wufoGm;rSmyg/ olay;wJh
Message udkodrS&rSmyg/ wpfcgwpf&HrSm Last known good configuration ESifhwufvdkuf&ifvnf;
Windows aemufqkH;wuff xm;wJhtajctaeeJUjyefwufay;rSmjzpfygw,f/ jzpfEdkifwmaemufwpfck
uawmh Windows udkydwfpOfpepfwus Shut Down rvkyfjcif;? rD;jywfawmufoGm;wmrskKd;jzpf&if
pufjyefzGifhvdkY POST ( Power On Self Test ) vkyfpOf Hard Disk udkrawGYwmrsKd;? rodwm
rsKd;jzpfNyD; Windows rwufwmvnf;jzpfEdkifygw,f/ 'grsKd;jzpf&ifawmhyxrtqifhtaeeJU CMOS
(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Setting xJ0ifNyD; Hard Disk Drive &JUtajctaeudk
ppfaq;&rSmyg/ Auto Detect vkyfvdkY&&ifawmh txufuazmfjycJhovdkaqmif½Guf&rSmyg/ r&&if
awmh Casing udkzGifhNyD; HDD &JU Connector eJU Power Cable udkppfaq;&rSmyg/ IDE Cable
raumif;jcif;? Power Cable raumif;jcif;rsm;jzpfEdkifygw,f/ NyD;&ifpufjyefwufygu HDD
awGUNyD; Windows wufvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ r&&if Hard Disk udk ppfaq;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
3/ Hardware ydkif;u csdKU,Gif;w,fqdk&ifawmh oleJUwlnDNyD;aumif;aewJhpuf&Sd&if wpfckcsif;
jzKwf^wyf prf;oyf&if Memory ? Graphic Card ? Sound Card ? Modem Card ? Power Supply ? CPU
b,f[mysufw,fqdkwm tvG,fwulod&rSmyg/ bmrSvkyfr&&ifawmh Mother Board ysufw,f
qdkwmprf;oyfawGU&rSmbJjzpfygw,f/ ,cktcgrSm PCI rSm pdkufNyD; pufb,ftqifhrSm csKdU,Gif;
Board Analyzer awGay:aeNyDjzpfygw,f/
4/ Hard Disk rSm Bad Sector &SdaevdkU Windows aumif;aumif;rwufEdkifwmqdk&if Bad Sector
rsm;aewJhtydkif;udk ydwfNyD; Windows wifvdkuf&ifaumif;oGm;wmrsKd;vnf;&Sdw,f/ Windows XP rS
vkyfvdkU&ygw,f/ Partation Magic vdkrsKd; Third Party Software okH;&ifawmh Hard Disk udk udkif&wm
Written by Major ToeAung
13. 13
ydkvG,fwmaygh/ IDE Cable eJUcsdwfNyD;vkyfvkyf? 'grSr[kwf IDE to USB eJUvkyfvkyf&ygw,f/ IDE to
USB eJUvkyf&ifawmh vG,fvG,fudkifwG,fEdkifwmaygh/
5/
=============================================
CD Drive rzwf & if
-- CD Drive &JU Mechanism ydkif;? Electronic ydkif; ykHrSeftvkyfvkyfaeNyD; CD Rom udk
zwfvdkufrzwfvdkuf 'grSr[kwfvkH;0rzwfEdkifjzpfae&if LENS udkoefU&Sif;a&;vkyfay;&if ykHrSefjyef
tvkyfvkyfavh&Sdygw,f/ CD Drive udkzGifhNyD;aqmif½Guf&rSmyg/ CD &JU txdef; Screw awGudk
OD;pGmjzKwfyg/ CD Drive udkzGifh&if rsufESmjyif rSm&SdwJh taygufav;u Tray Lock udkjzKwfwm
jzpfygw,f/ t&G,fawmfwJhoHacsmif;i,fudk taygufxJxdk;NyD; tomt,mwGef;vdkufygu Tray
xGufvmrSmyg/ udk,fxnf Cover udk tvdkufoifhtvG,fwuIjzKwfyg/ CD zwfwJh LENS udk
awGU&rSmjzpfw,f/ oefY&Sif;NyD; El;nHhwJht0wfpEkEk eJY rsufESmjyifudk oefU&Sif;a&;vkyfay;&r,f/
LENS &JUtaetxm;rysufatmif*½kwpdkufvkyf&w,f/ jzKwfcJhwJhtqifhtwdkif;pepfwusjyefvnf
wyfqifyg/ CD Rom awGzwfwmrsm;&ifjzpfavh&Sdygw,f/
Written by Major ToeAung
