Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from tumors and circulate through the bloodstream. The document discusses CTCs and various methods used to detect and isolate them. CTCs were first observed in 1869 and are found at very low frequencies (1-10 cells per ml of blood) in patients with metastatic cancer. Due to their rarity and heterogeneity, detecting and identifying CTCs is challenging. The document outlines several techniques used for CTC detection and isolation, including the CellSearch method, nano-particle adherence methods, and microfluidic chips. Emerging microfluidic technologies are improving CTC yields and characterization, with the goal of using CTCs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Maintrac liquid biopsy allows quantitative detection of circulating tumor cells without fixation, isolation, or enrichment. It uses fluorochrome-labeled antibody targeting EpCAM antigen on circulating tumor cells. In contrast, Cellsearch uses fixation and enrichment procedures that lead to loss of cells and antigenicity, resulting in dead cells. Comparison of the two methods using the same blood sample from a patient showed Maintrac detected more total events and circulating tumor cells than Cellsearch. Other CTC detection technologies have limitations such as relying too heavily on EpCAM expression or assuming CTCs are larger than blood cells. Cell-free tumor DNA analysis has problems like representing destroyed cells and additional mutations from DNA degradation.
The document discusses circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their clinical applications. It summarizes the work of Brian Kirby's research group, which works at the interface of microfluidics, microtechnology, and cellular analysis. The group has developed a technique called GEDI (Geometrically Enhanced Differential Immunocapture) to isolate CTCs from blood samples. GEDI leverages fluid mechanical design and size-dependent interactions to maximize capture of rare CTCs while eliminating leukocytes. The group has used captured CTCs from castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients to functionally evaluate drug responses by examining markers like tubulin bundling and nuclear accumulation of the androgen receptor. They are currently conducting the
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential clinical applications as biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Studies have found CTCs correlate with disease stage but not other clinical factors. Detecting CTCs before and during treatment can independently predict progression-free and overall survival. While CTC detection provides prognostic information, methodology challenges remain around isolating, quantifying, and characterizing CTCs reproducibly. Further research could help validate CTCs against standard biomarkers and guide personalized therapy.
This document describes a clinical study that evaluated using liquid biopsies to determine mutational profiles in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The study analyzed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in 60 advanced NSCLC patients using a highly sensitive plasma genotyping assay. The results showed concordance rates of up to 90% between tissue and blood samples for EGFR, KRAS, and ALK mutations. The T790M resistance mutation was detected in 50% of patients who progressed on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Serial monitoring of mutations in paired samples found changes in 83% of cases in response to treatment. ctDNA analysis detected additional mutations in 40% of patients
The Molecular Analysis on Circulating Tumor Cells to Determine Prognostic and...QIAGEN
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an emerging source used molecular cancer diagnostics. Through expression profiling of CTCs, it allows a deeper understanding about which metabolic pathways enable tumor cells to survive in the circulation, how they become resistant to a drug regimen, how they transform and adapt and, finally, which cellular markers should targeted for future therapies.
This webinar will introduce the AdnaTest CTC detection platform which has been proven in several clinical trials to provide prognostic and predictive information in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. The platform by itself is still open for research and allows access to any potential target of interest. Join us to learn more about this novel platform, its technology and applications in liquid biopsy.
Overall, testing cfDNA has four distinct advantages over conventional biopsies, being:
Cost-effective approach;
Simplified sample collection procedures;
Reduced impact to the patient and;
Easily analyzed.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from tumors and circulate through the bloodstream. The document discusses CTCs and various methods used to detect and isolate them. CTCs were first observed in 1869 and are found at very low frequencies (1-10 cells per ml of blood) in patients with metastatic cancer. Due to their rarity and heterogeneity, detecting and identifying CTCs is challenging. The document outlines several techniques used for CTC detection and isolation, including the CellSearch method, nano-particle adherence methods, and microfluidic chips. Emerging microfluidic technologies are improving CTC yields and characterization, with the goal of using CTCs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Maintrac liquid biopsy allows quantitative detection of circulating tumor cells without fixation, isolation, or enrichment. It uses fluorochrome-labeled antibody targeting EpCAM antigen on circulating tumor cells. In contrast, Cellsearch uses fixation and enrichment procedures that lead to loss of cells and antigenicity, resulting in dead cells. Comparison of the two methods using the same blood sample from a patient showed Maintrac detected more total events and circulating tumor cells than Cellsearch. Other CTC detection technologies have limitations such as relying too heavily on EpCAM expression or assuming CTCs are larger than blood cells. Cell-free tumor DNA analysis has problems like representing destroyed cells and additional mutations from DNA degradation.
The document discusses circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their clinical applications. It summarizes the work of Brian Kirby's research group, which works at the interface of microfluidics, microtechnology, and cellular analysis. The group has developed a technique called GEDI (Geometrically Enhanced Differential Immunocapture) to isolate CTCs from blood samples. GEDI leverages fluid mechanical design and size-dependent interactions to maximize capture of rare CTCs while eliminating leukocytes. The group has used captured CTCs from castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients to functionally evaluate drug responses by examining markers like tubulin bundling and nuclear accumulation of the androgen receptor. They are currently conducting the
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential clinical applications as biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Studies have found CTCs correlate with disease stage but not other clinical factors. Detecting CTCs before and during treatment can independently predict progression-free and overall survival. While CTC detection provides prognostic information, methodology challenges remain around isolating, quantifying, and characterizing CTCs reproducibly. Further research could help validate CTCs against standard biomarkers and guide personalized therapy.
This document describes a clinical study that evaluated using liquid biopsies to determine mutational profiles in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The study analyzed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in 60 advanced NSCLC patients using a highly sensitive plasma genotyping assay. The results showed concordance rates of up to 90% between tissue and blood samples for EGFR, KRAS, and ALK mutations. The T790M resistance mutation was detected in 50% of patients who progressed on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Serial monitoring of mutations in paired samples found changes in 83% of cases in response to treatment. ctDNA analysis detected additional mutations in 40% of patients
The Molecular Analysis on Circulating Tumor Cells to Determine Prognostic and...QIAGEN
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an emerging source used molecular cancer diagnostics. Through expression profiling of CTCs, it allows a deeper understanding about which metabolic pathways enable tumor cells to survive in the circulation, how they become resistant to a drug regimen, how they transform and adapt and, finally, which cellular markers should targeted for future therapies.
This webinar will introduce the AdnaTest CTC detection platform which has been proven in several clinical trials to provide prognostic and predictive information in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. The platform by itself is still open for research and allows access to any potential target of interest. Join us to learn more about this novel platform, its technology and applications in liquid biopsy.
Overall, testing cfDNA has four distinct advantages over conventional biopsies, being:
Cost-effective approach;
Simplified sample collection procedures;
Reduced impact to the patient and;
Easily analyzed.
This document discusses early cancer detection technologies and methods. It begins with a debate on the pros and cons of early detection screening, then discusses the history of cervical cancer screening and its success. It also covers the high costs of cancer care. The bulk of the document focuses on liquid biopsy technologies for detecting cancer DNA in blood and their potential for early detection and monitoring. Specific technologies like Grail and Cologuard stool DNA testing are discussed. Challenges to adoption like guidelines, costs, regulation and education are also covered.
Circulating Tumor DNA Detection from Heparinized Plasma Samples by Droplet Di...Kate Barlow
Nasrin Sarafan-Vasseur, Liquid Biopsy Scientific Leader, Research Team on Oncology (IRON), INSERM and University of Rouen, France
Heparin is often used as plasma anticoagulant for tumor marker analysis but corresponds also to an inhibitory of PCR not enabling circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection, which has been highlighted as a potential “liquid biopsy”. We evaluated the impact of heparinase addition on heparinized plasma samples to allow ctDNA analysis. Circulating ESR1 and KRAS mutations were quantified by digital PCR, in plasma collected in heparinized tubes (n=194) from hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (HR+MBC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) patients. We improved significantly PCR efficiency in 91/144 HR+MBC and 26/50 PA plasma samples, enabling ctDNA detection in 22/91 and 13/26 patients. This new processing did not alter quantitatively and qualitatively ctDNA detection and could make the samples from heparinized blood-derived collections suitable for ctDNA analysis.
The document discusses circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in lung cancer and summarizes some key challenges and applications. It notes that CTCs can be detected and enumerated using the FDA-approved CellSearch system, but this only captures EpCAM+ CTCs. Emerging technologies like ISET aim to detect a broader range of CTC subtypes. Studies show CTC counts correlate with stage and prognosis in lung cancer and may serve as pharmacodynamic biomarkers of treatment response. Characterizing CTC phenotypes like epithelial-mesenchymal transition could provide insights into metastasis. Circulating tumor microemboli are also detected in some patients and may help tumor cells survive in circulation.
Liquid Biopsy Overview, Challenges and New Solutions: Liquid Biopsy Series Pa...QIAGEN
A liquid biopsy is often described as a sensitive and specific blood test to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs, shed by both the primary and metastasized tumors, carry specific information about their origins and markers that will enable us to discover new diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets. This slidedeck gives an overview of the recent progress in exploring the predictive potential of circulating biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and exosomes. Addressing both biological and technical aspects, we detail the isolation and characterization of circulating biomarkers. Challenges and solutions are also featured.
This document discusses liquid biopsy, a non-invasive technique to detect tumor biomarkers shed into body fluids like blood. It can identify circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, and newly, tumor educated platelets. Liquid biopsy offers advantages over tissue biopsy like being less invasive, allowing repeated sampling over time. While sensitivity remains a limitation, liquid biopsy shows promise for early cancer detection, monitoring treatment response and tumor evolution, and assessing tumor heterogeneity. The document reviews technologies to analyze various biomarkers and potential clinical applications of liquid biopsy.
Importance of circulating tumour cells in patients with non-metastatic breast...Senology.org
The study found that the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with early-stage breast cancer carried a higher risk of cancer recurrence or death. Patients with one or more CTCs had a four times greater risk, and those with three or more CTCs faced an 11.5 times higher risk of death from breast cancer. CTC levels did not correlate with lymph node status or primary tumor characteristics, suggesting CTC measurement provides additional prognostic information beyond standard analysis. However, larger studies are still needed to determine how best to use CTC information in clinical decision-making.
Newer diagnostic tools in oncology such as liquid biopsies provide non-invasive approaches to diagnosing and monitoring cancer. Liquid biopsies analyze biomarkers found in bodily fluids and can detect circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, RNA, and exosomes shed by tumors into the bloodstream. These liquid biomarkers offer advantages over traditional tissue biopsies by being less invasive, able to capture the heterogeneity of tumors, and allow for real-time monitoring of treatment response and disease progression. Emerging technologies now allow liquid biopsies to provide genomic information that can help classify and treat cancers based on their molecular profiles rather than the organ or tissue of origin.
Molecular characterization of a patient’s tumor to guide treatment decisions is increasingly being
applied in clinical care and can have a significant impact on disease outcome. These molecular analyses,
including mutation characterization, are typically performed on tissue acquired through a biopsy at diagnosis.
However, tumors are highly heterogeneous and sampling in its entirety is challenging. Furthermore, tumors
evolve over time and can alter their molecular genotype, making clinical decisions based on historical biopsy
data suboptimal. Personalized medicine for cancer patients aims to tailor the best treatment options for the
individual at diagnosis and during treatment. To fully enable personalized medicine it is desirable to have an
easily accessible, minimally invasive way to determine and follow the molecular makeup of a patient’s tumor
longitudinally. One such approach is through a liquid biopsy, where the genetic makeup of the tumor can be
assessed through a bio fluid sample. Liquid biopsies have the potential to help clinicians screen for disease,
stratify patients to the best treatment and monitor treatment response and resistance mechanisms in the tumor. A liquid biopsy can be used for molecular characterization of the tumor and its non-invasive nature
allows repeat sampling to monitor genetic changes over time without the need for a tissue biopsy. This review will summarize three approaches in the liquid biopsy field: circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell free DNA (cfDNA) and exosomes. We also outline some of the analytical challenges encountered using liquid biopsy techniques to detect rare mutations in a background of wild-type sequences.
Using liquid biopsies to study cancer dynamics and drug resistanceSpeck&Tech
Liquid biopsies, which analyze cell-free DNA in blood, can be used to study cancer evolution and drug resistance over time. By tracking genetic mutations in plasma samples taken at different time points, researchers can create a temporal map of how a tumor changes with and without treatment. This approach has identified biomarkers of drug resistance and shown that tumors with higher levels of circulating tumor DNA have worse outcomes and are less responsive to some therapies. While liquid biopsies hold promise for early cancer detection and precision medicine, more large clinical studies are still needed to validate their clinical utility.
Liquid biopsy quality control – the importance of plasma quality, sample prep...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Liquid biopsy is emerging as a non-invasive companion to traditional solid tumor biopsies. As next generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA = cfDNA and cfRNA) becomes common, it’s important to understand the impact of sample preparation on quality, specificity, and sensitivity of liquid biopsy tests. Plasma samples are often limited, and may have undesirable characteristics such as lipemia or hemolysis that contribute unwanted genomic DNA (gDNA) to the sample. Low cfDNA concentration can also limit the amount available for NGS library prep. In this study, we explore the effects of suboptimal plasma and low library input on liquid biopsy NGS, and discuss various techniques for in-process quality control of cfNA samples isolated from plasma
Vassili Soumelis - Programme d’analyse globale et intégrative du micro-enviro...SiRIC_Curie
Programme d’analyse globale et intégrative du
micro-environnement tumoral - Vassili SOUMELIS, MD, PhD
Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Inserm U932
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) and pathological Complete Response (pCR) are strong independent prognostic factors in Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) in a pooled analysis of two multicentre phase II trials (BEVERLY 1 & 2) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab
An overview of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as liquid biopsy biomarkers and the role of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in advancing cancer research and diagnosis through non-invasive tumour mutation profiling
Join your peers and colleagues in San Francisco to gain insight and perspective on why molecular liquid biopsies have the potential to become a fulcrum in the future of precision medicine.
20160219 - F. Grati - Toma - Maternal MalignanciesRoberto Scarafia
Origin of cfDNA testing (Synonyms – NIPT or NIPS) for fetal aneuploidies
Performances of cfDNA testing for fetal aneuploidies
Maternal malignancies as a possible source for false positive cfDNA results
How to detect when the cause of FP result is a maternal malignancy
Implications for genetic counseling
maintrac liquid biopsy on circulating epithelial tumor cells Peter Pachmann
This document summarizes a study on monitoring the response of circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs) to adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. The study found that CETCs can be quantified from blood samples of patients before, during, and after chemotherapy. Three typical response patterns were observed: a decrease of more than 10-fold in CETC numbers correlated with a good prognosis; marginal changes in CETC numbers correlated with a medium prognosis; and an increase of more than 10-fold in CETC numbers, even after an initial decrease, correlated with a poor prognosis and high risk of early relapse. Patients with increasing CETC numbers had a significantly worse relapse-free survival compared to the other groups. Therefore,
Circulating Tumor Cell, Cell Free DNA, Exosome and Vesicle Cancer Diagnostic ...MarketResearch.com
A revolution in cancer diagnostics is occurring using in vitro blood testing to identify cancer DNA. GRAIL, a new company with impressive backing, has announced a single blood test to detect all cancers. The technology is moving faster than the market. New technology that definitively identifies disease conditions from blood samples is poised to replace expensive invasive surgical biopsy procedures. The market is still in its infancy but has outstanding growth potential. The impact on the health care industry is enormous. The report forecasts the market size out to 2020. In addition, the report looks at potential market sizes by country, by cancer and by the three different opportunities: detection, management and screening.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play various roles in cancer. They can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Exosomes carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that are exchanged between cancer cells and other cell types to influence the tumor microenvironment. They can also serve as biomarkers for cancer detection and may help predict treatment responses by mediating drug resistance. Additionally, exosomes show potential as a drug delivery system to target cancer cells.
This document discusses early cancer detection technologies and methods. It begins with a debate on the pros and cons of early detection screening, then discusses the history of cervical cancer screening and its success. It also covers the high costs of cancer care. The bulk of the document focuses on liquid biopsy technologies for detecting cancer DNA in blood and their potential for early detection and monitoring. Specific technologies like Grail and Cologuard stool DNA testing are discussed. Challenges to adoption like guidelines, costs, regulation and education are also covered.
Circulating Tumor DNA Detection from Heparinized Plasma Samples by Droplet Di...Kate Barlow
Nasrin Sarafan-Vasseur, Liquid Biopsy Scientific Leader, Research Team on Oncology (IRON), INSERM and University of Rouen, France
Heparin is often used as plasma anticoagulant for tumor marker analysis but corresponds also to an inhibitory of PCR not enabling circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection, which has been highlighted as a potential “liquid biopsy”. We evaluated the impact of heparinase addition on heparinized plasma samples to allow ctDNA analysis. Circulating ESR1 and KRAS mutations were quantified by digital PCR, in plasma collected in heparinized tubes (n=194) from hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (HR+MBC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) patients. We improved significantly PCR efficiency in 91/144 HR+MBC and 26/50 PA plasma samples, enabling ctDNA detection in 22/91 and 13/26 patients. This new processing did not alter quantitatively and qualitatively ctDNA detection and could make the samples from heparinized blood-derived collections suitable for ctDNA analysis.
The document discusses circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in lung cancer and summarizes some key challenges and applications. It notes that CTCs can be detected and enumerated using the FDA-approved CellSearch system, but this only captures EpCAM+ CTCs. Emerging technologies like ISET aim to detect a broader range of CTC subtypes. Studies show CTC counts correlate with stage and prognosis in lung cancer and may serve as pharmacodynamic biomarkers of treatment response. Characterizing CTC phenotypes like epithelial-mesenchymal transition could provide insights into metastasis. Circulating tumor microemboli are also detected in some patients and may help tumor cells survive in circulation.
Liquid Biopsy Overview, Challenges and New Solutions: Liquid Biopsy Series Pa...QIAGEN
A liquid biopsy is often described as a sensitive and specific blood test to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs, shed by both the primary and metastasized tumors, carry specific information about their origins and markers that will enable us to discover new diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets. This slidedeck gives an overview of the recent progress in exploring the predictive potential of circulating biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and exosomes. Addressing both biological and technical aspects, we detail the isolation and characterization of circulating biomarkers. Challenges and solutions are also featured.
This document discusses liquid biopsy, a non-invasive technique to detect tumor biomarkers shed into body fluids like blood. It can identify circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, and newly, tumor educated platelets. Liquid biopsy offers advantages over tissue biopsy like being less invasive, allowing repeated sampling over time. While sensitivity remains a limitation, liquid biopsy shows promise for early cancer detection, monitoring treatment response and tumor evolution, and assessing tumor heterogeneity. The document reviews technologies to analyze various biomarkers and potential clinical applications of liquid biopsy.
Importance of circulating tumour cells in patients with non-metastatic breast...Senology.org
The study found that the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with early-stage breast cancer carried a higher risk of cancer recurrence or death. Patients with one or more CTCs had a four times greater risk, and those with three or more CTCs faced an 11.5 times higher risk of death from breast cancer. CTC levels did not correlate with lymph node status or primary tumor characteristics, suggesting CTC measurement provides additional prognostic information beyond standard analysis. However, larger studies are still needed to determine how best to use CTC information in clinical decision-making.
Newer diagnostic tools in oncology such as liquid biopsies provide non-invasive approaches to diagnosing and monitoring cancer. Liquid biopsies analyze biomarkers found in bodily fluids and can detect circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, RNA, and exosomes shed by tumors into the bloodstream. These liquid biomarkers offer advantages over traditional tissue biopsies by being less invasive, able to capture the heterogeneity of tumors, and allow for real-time monitoring of treatment response and disease progression. Emerging technologies now allow liquid biopsies to provide genomic information that can help classify and treat cancers based on their molecular profiles rather than the organ or tissue of origin.
Molecular characterization of a patient’s tumor to guide treatment decisions is increasingly being
applied in clinical care and can have a significant impact on disease outcome. These molecular analyses,
including mutation characterization, are typically performed on tissue acquired through a biopsy at diagnosis.
However, tumors are highly heterogeneous and sampling in its entirety is challenging. Furthermore, tumors
evolve over time and can alter their molecular genotype, making clinical decisions based on historical biopsy
data suboptimal. Personalized medicine for cancer patients aims to tailor the best treatment options for the
individual at diagnosis and during treatment. To fully enable personalized medicine it is desirable to have an
easily accessible, minimally invasive way to determine and follow the molecular makeup of a patient’s tumor
longitudinally. One such approach is through a liquid biopsy, where the genetic makeup of the tumor can be
assessed through a bio fluid sample. Liquid biopsies have the potential to help clinicians screen for disease,
stratify patients to the best treatment and monitor treatment response and resistance mechanisms in the tumor. A liquid biopsy can be used for molecular characterization of the tumor and its non-invasive nature
allows repeat sampling to monitor genetic changes over time without the need for a tissue biopsy. This review will summarize three approaches in the liquid biopsy field: circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell free DNA (cfDNA) and exosomes. We also outline some of the analytical challenges encountered using liquid biopsy techniques to detect rare mutations in a background of wild-type sequences.
Using liquid biopsies to study cancer dynamics and drug resistanceSpeck&Tech
Liquid biopsies, which analyze cell-free DNA in blood, can be used to study cancer evolution and drug resistance over time. By tracking genetic mutations in plasma samples taken at different time points, researchers can create a temporal map of how a tumor changes with and without treatment. This approach has identified biomarkers of drug resistance and shown that tumors with higher levels of circulating tumor DNA have worse outcomes and are less responsive to some therapies. While liquid biopsies hold promise for early cancer detection and precision medicine, more large clinical studies are still needed to validate their clinical utility.
Liquid biopsy quality control – the importance of plasma quality, sample prep...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Liquid biopsy is emerging as a non-invasive companion to traditional solid tumor biopsies. As next generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA = cfDNA and cfRNA) becomes common, it’s important to understand the impact of sample preparation on quality, specificity, and sensitivity of liquid biopsy tests. Plasma samples are often limited, and may have undesirable characteristics such as lipemia or hemolysis that contribute unwanted genomic DNA (gDNA) to the sample. Low cfDNA concentration can also limit the amount available for NGS library prep. In this study, we explore the effects of suboptimal plasma and low library input on liquid biopsy NGS, and discuss various techniques for in-process quality control of cfNA samples isolated from plasma
Vassili Soumelis - Programme d’analyse globale et intégrative du micro-enviro...SiRIC_Curie
Programme d’analyse globale et intégrative du
micro-environnement tumoral - Vassili SOUMELIS, MD, PhD
Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Inserm U932
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) and pathological Complete Response (pCR) are strong independent prognostic factors in Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) in a pooled analysis of two multicentre phase II trials (BEVERLY 1 & 2) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab
An overview of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as liquid biopsy biomarkers and the role of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in advancing cancer research and diagnosis through non-invasive tumour mutation profiling
Join your peers and colleagues in San Francisco to gain insight and perspective on why molecular liquid biopsies have the potential to become a fulcrum in the future of precision medicine.
20160219 - F. Grati - Toma - Maternal MalignanciesRoberto Scarafia
Origin of cfDNA testing (Synonyms – NIPT or NIPS) for fetal aneuploidies
Performances of cfDNA testing for fetal aneuploidies
Maternal malignancies as a possible source for false positive cfDNA results
How to detect when the cause of FP result is a maternal malignancy
Implications for genetic counseling
maintrac liquid biopsy on circulating epithelial tumor cells Peter Pachmann
This document summarizes a study on monitoring the response of circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs) to adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. The study found that CETCs can be quantified from blood samples of patients before, during, and after chemotherapy. Three typical response patterns were observed: a decrease of more than 10-fold in CETC numbers correlated with a good prognosis; marginal changes in CETC numbers correlated with a medium prognosis; and an increase of more than 10-fold in CETC numbers, even after an initial decrease, correlated with a poor prognosis and high risk of early relapse. Patients with increasing CETC numbers had a significantly worse relapse-free survival compared to the other groups. Therefore,
Circulating Tumor Cell, Cell Free DNA, Exosome and Vesicle Cancer Diagnostic ...MarketResearch.com
A revolution in cancer diagnostics is occurring using in vitro blood testing to identify cancer DNA. GRAIL, a new company with impressive backing, has announced a single blood test to detect all cancers. The technology is moving faster than the market. New technology that definitively identifies disease conditions from blood samples is poised to replace expensive invasive surgical biopsy procedures. The market is still in its infancy but has outstanding growth potential. The impact on the health care industry is enormous. The report forecasts the market size out to 2020. In addition, the report looks at potential market sizes by country, by cancer and by the three different opportunities: detection, management and screening.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play various roles in cancer. They can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Exosomes carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that are exchanged between cancer cells and other cell types to influence the tumor microenvironment. They can also serve as biomarkers for cancer detection and may help predict treatment responses by mediating drug resistance. Additionally, exosomes show potential as a drug delivery system to target cancer cells.
Exosomes are smallest extracellular vesicles of size 30 to 100 nm originated from late endosomes. These are released by broad array of cells including B‐ cells, cells, dendritic cells (DCs), T‐cells, epithelial cells,
platelets and many more.
Audio and slides for this presentation are available on YouTube: http://youtu.be/7iFnx9y_cCw
Arnie Freedman, MD, clinical director of the Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center Adult Lymphoma Program, discusses several options for maintenance therapy of lymphoma, and the pros and cons of each. This presentation was originally given at the Lymphoma Research Foundation's 2013 North American Forum on Sept. 29, 2013. http://www.dana-farber.org | http://www.lymphoma.org
This document summarizes the work of a team developing a company called CanScan to advance personalized cancer treatment. The team cultured circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples to characterize cancer cell aggressiveness and test drug responses. Key findings included that culturing CTCs could provide valuable data to guide treatment decisions. The team refined their business model to partner with diagnostic companies and provide CTC testing services to oncologists and pharmaceutical companies. Next steps involved further validating the technology and business through clinical trials and partnerships.
CURB Spring 2014 Research Forum PosterJaeda Patton
1) An immunofluorescence protocol was optimized to differentiate pancreatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from leukocytes in blood using cell line models.
2) Parameters such as fixation buffer, permeabilization time and concentration, antibody incubation times and concentrations, and washing steps were altered.
3) The optimized protocol improved consistency of staining for cytokeratin, a CTC marker, and CD45, a leukocyte marker, allowing differentiation of cell types captured using a microfluidic device from patient blood.
FXN gene provides instructions for frataxin protein found in mitochondria and involved in energy production. Mutations cause Friedreich ataxia. The document summarizes using online tools to explore the relationship between reduced frataxin expression and pancreatic cancer. Key steps included locating FXN on the human genome, obtaining sequences from databases, finding similar sequences using BLAST, aligning sequences with ClustalW, and managing workflows on the Bioextract server. The process aimed to understand how researchers identify biological knowledge across databases using online tools.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolated from blood could provide a more accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cyst lesions (PCLs) and help predict risk of pancreatic cancer. The researchers developed an immunofluorescence staining protocol to distinguish CTCs from white blood cells. They aim to genetically analyze CTCs from PCL patients to identify cancer-related genes and conduct a pilot study to determine if CTC analysis can predict pancreatic cancer risk in PCL patients. This technique could lead to an improved, minimally invasive method for diagnosing and monitoring PCL patients.
Feature story from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research's April 2013 issue of Breakthrough newsletter. More at https://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/newsletters
This document summarizes the management of indolent lymphomas including follicular lymphoma grade 1-2, marginal zone lymphoma involving extranodal sites (MALT lymphoma), nodal sites, and the spleen, and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. For early stage follicular lymphoma, radiation therapy alone is usually sufficient and can cure 20% of patients. For advanced disease, chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab-containing regimens is preferred. MALT lymphoma often responds to antibiotics for H. pylori or local radiation therapy. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma commonly presents with fatigue in elderly men.
Audio and slides for this presentation are available on YouTube: http://youtu.be/rAgnoymx0DQ
Dr. Ann LaCasce talks about the various treatments for lymphoma, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy methods, as well as the role of clinical trials. This presentation was first given at a lymphoma workshop presented by the Lymphoma Research Foundation (www.lymphoma.org).
The Pause Legacy - Chapter 8: Four! I Mean Five! I Mean Fire!pauselegacy
The document describes several events in the lives of the Pause family and their neighbors. There are multiple small fires at the family home which Bon helps put out. Bon begins flirting with several townies. Edmund returns as a ghost to visit his family.
Psychoanalysis of Online Behavior and Cyber Conduct of Chatters in Chat Rooms...Eswar Publications
With ease of access of internet connectivity and owing to ability of maintaining anonymity, online chatting has become very common. Based on an empirical study comprising of more than 700 chatting sessions spread over a period of 15 months with nearly 2500 online chatters, this paper aims to present a psychological study and analysis of the behavior of chatters in online chatting environments. It has been found that the chatting environments are dominated by male gender and explicit sexual expression is common. The paper also laments
the ability of chatting environments to be exploited as breeding ground for cyber crimes by using ‘social engineering’. On the sidelines, the paper also lists the motivations driving the people to chat as well as the various rewards and drawbacks that chatting poses to the chatter in specific and society in general.
Hemos seleccionado diferentes canastas navideñas para tus empleados y colaboradores. Encontraras lo que necesitas a un precio competitivo. No dudes en comunicarte con nosotros para mas información.
BPS DCP SIGOPAC Good Practice Guidance in Demonstrating Quality and Outcomes ...Alex King
This report outlines a rigorous, multidimensional framework for evaluating quality and outcomes in psycho-oncology services, which can be flexibly adapted to local needs and priorities.
It aims to challenge psycho-oncology services to develop and standardise procedures that address the clinical and operational aspects of quality, while maintaining a firm focus on the experiential.
The proposed framework focuses on six key domains of service quality:
- Is this service safe?
- Is this service equitable, while also focused on those most in need?
- Is this service timely and responsive?
- Is this service respectful, collaborative and patient-centred?
- Is this service offering effective interventions?
- Is this service contributing to efficient multidisciplinary care?
To address these domains, psycho-oncology services need to draw on multiple, convergent sources of data, including key performance indicators, activity levels, patient self-report measures, feedback from professional colleagues, etc.
The Global Affinity Finance Club is Finaccord’s quarterly newsletter about
affinity financial services worldwide.
Through this, Finaccord publishes top line information about key strategic
developments in affinity and partnership marketing of financial services around the world, segmented between affinity insurance news, bancassurance news and affinity banking news.
This service differs from that provided by other research companies because
its focus is genuinely global, often translating news that only appears in languages other than English. In addition, it concentrates exclusively on affinity and partnership marketing
strategy.
Affinity and partnership marketing strategy is an important component of general distribution strategy for a majority of large banks and insurance companies serving consumers and small businesses as successful partnerships potentially allow them to access groups of customers that they cannot always reach by themselves.
If you would like to join Finaccord’s Global Affinity Finance Club, contact
us by telephone or send us an email to info@finaccord.com.
Zachęcamy wszystkich studentów do lektury prezentacji, znajdziesz w niej informację na temat naszej oferty. Z naszymi książkami nauka prawa stanie się zdecydowanie przyjmeniejsza. Odwiedź również https://student.profinfo.pl/
El documento resume las acusaciones contra el rector de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, Jaime Alberto Camacho Pico, de haber conspirado con un paramilitar conocido como "Félix" para proporcionar una lista de estudiantes de izquierda a eliminar. La grabación de la conversación entre el rector y el paramilitar sugiere un plan para "limpiar" la universidad mediante asesinatos. El documento también plantea dudas sobre el propósito de la grabación hecha por el rector y la posible implicación de otras autoridades como el ex gobern
Chemosensitivity Testing of Circulating Epithelial Tumor Cells (CETC) in Vitr...Peter Pachmann
ABSTRACT
Background: Chemotherapy is a mainstay of tumor therapy, however, it is predominantly applied according to empiri- cally developed recommendations derived from statistical relapse rates occurring years after the treatment in the adju- vant situation and from progression-free interval data in the metastatic situation, without any possibility of individually determining the efficacy in the adjuvant situation and with loss of time and quality of life in the metastatic situation if the drugs chosen are not effective. Here, we present a method to determine the efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs using tumor cells circulating in blood as the part of the tumor actually available in the patient’s body for chemosensitiv- ity testing. Methodology/Principal Findings: After only red blood cell lysis, omitting any enrichment (analogous to other blood cell enumeration methods, including rare CD34 cells), the white cells comprising the circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETC) are exposed to the drugs in question in different concentrations and for different periods of time. Staining with a fluorescence-labeled anti-epithelial antibody detects both vital and dying tumor cells, distinguishing vital from dying cells through membrane permeability and nuclear staining with propidium iodide. Increasing percent- ages of dying tumor cells are observed dependent on time and concentration. The sensitivity can vary during therapy and was correlated with decrease or increase in CETC and clinical outcome. Conclusions/Significance: Thus, we are able to show that chemosensitivity testing of circulating tumor cells provides real-time information about the sensitivity of the tumor present in the patient, even at different times during therapy, and correlates with treatment success.
This document discusses tumor markers and their use in monitoring tumor response to therapy. It provides information on different types of tumor markers including proteins, enzymes, hormones, genetic markers and circulating tumor cells. Ideal tumor markers are highly sensitive and specific, correlate with tumor stage and prognosis, and can be used for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring treatment and detecting recurrence. Examples discussed include CEA, AFP, PSA, CA125 and circulating tumor cells. The Oncotype DX 21-gene recurrence score test and tissue polypeptide specific antigen are also summarized.
Clinical value of circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancerNikos Xenidis
1) Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with metastatic breast cancer provide important clinical information and can help guide treatment decisions. The number of CTCs before and during therapy correlates with progression-free and overall survival.
2) Molecular characterization of CTCs can reveal discordance between primary tumors and metastases, as well as heterogeneity within metastatic sites, helping to identify appropriate targeted therapies. Serial CTC analysis during treatment can detect emerging resistance mutations.
3) Monitoring changes in CTC counts during therapy provides an early indicator of treatment effectiveness compared to imaging, and may help determine when to switch treatments for better outcomes.
Assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy using circulating epithelial tumor...Peter Pachmann
Abstract
Purpose In malignant tumors, predictive markers have been developed with respect to targeted therapies. One of the Wrst targeted therapies was the hormone-blocking treatment of tumors of the male and female reproductive system. A typical therapy in breast cancer is the use of the selective estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen. However, only some of the patients, positive for the target molecules, respond to the selected therapy. It would, therefore, be highly desirable to have a tool to promptly assess the therapeutic eYcacy of the applied agent in the individual patient.
Methods Longitudinal observation of CETC provides a unique tool for monitoring therapy response. About 178 patients with breast cancer were followed prospectively during hormone therapy, requiring only 1 ml of peripheral blood, using a Xuorochrome-labeled antibody against surface- epithelial antigen. Image analysis allowed CETC numbers to be calculated in relation to blood volume and monitoring over the entire course of treatment. Results A more than tenfold increase in CETC during therapy was a strong indicator of looming relapse (P = 0.0001 hazard ratio 5.5; 95% conWdence interval 1,297–23,626), and a Cox regression analysis of age, tumor size, receptor expression, nodal status and previous treatment resulted in a regression model, in which CETC behavior was the parameter with the highest independent correlation to relapse-free survival. Conclusions The change in the number of CETC (increase or decrease) may, in the future, be used to guide therapy in order to change to other available treatment options in good time.
Chair & Moderator, Prof. Solange Peters, MD, PhD, Mark M. Awad, MD, PhD, and Jonathan D. Spicer, MD, PhD, FRCSC, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Cancer Immunotherapy for this CME/MOC/CC activity titled “Parsing the Practicalities of Pathologic Response Assessment After Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy to Facilitate Progress in Early-Stage Cancers.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/MOC/CC information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3uRHyjk. CME/MOC/CC credit will be available until May 9, 2023.
Co-Chairs, Nasser Altorki, MD, and Jonathan D. Spicer, MD, PhD, FRCSC, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to NSCLC for this CME/MOC activity titled “How to Integrate Perioperative Immunotherapy Into Multimodal Treatment Plans to Improve Outcomes in Resectable NSCLC.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/MOC information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3xb6WS1. CME/MOC credit will be available until June 14, 2023.
Prostate Cancer . Castration resistanceLuis Toache
The document discusses castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCPRC). Some key points:
- mCPRC is the leading cause of death in men with prostate cancer and most deaths are due to mCPRC. Median survival is around 2 years.
- New treatments have improved survival for mCPRC. About 90% of prostate cancers initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) but mCPRC often rapidly develops, especially if PSA nadir is >4 ng/mL.
- mCPRC occurs when tumor progression continues despite castrate levels of testosterone (<50 ng/dL). Most mCPRC is still dependent on the androgen receptor
This document discusses colorectal cancer (CRC), including its epidemiology, etiology, screening, clinical presentation, staging, prognostic factors, preoperative preparation, surgical techniques, and palliative care approaches. CRC is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with higher rates in men. Risk factors include diet, obesity, smoking, and inflammatory bowel disease. Screening can detect early-stage cancers and remove pre-cancerous polyps to reduce mortality. Surgery aims to remove the primary tumor and adequate lymph nodes while preserving organ function through techniques like colectomies and anastomoses.
1) The Spanish GEICAM study found that after using the Oncotype DX test, the treatment recommendation changed in 31.8% of early-stage breast cancer patients, with the most common change being a switch from chemotherapy plus hormone therapy to hormone therapy alone (20.6% of cases).
2) Factors like higher tumor grade, high Ki-67, and positive progesterone receptor status were associated with an increased likelihood of changing the treatment recommendation.
3) Medical oncologists reported increased confidence in their treatment recommendations after receiving the Oncotype DX results.
Immediate Management of Appendiceal Goblet Cell Carcinoid Initially Diagnosed...Debdeep Banerjee
A 42-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with perforated appendicitis. He underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy which revealed a goblet cell carcinoid tumor. As the margins were positive, he had a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Pathology confirmed a 6.6cm goblet cell carcinoid with focal adenocarcinoma. While antibiotics may treat uncomplicated appendicitis, immediate surgery is needed to diagnose and treat alternative causes like carcinoid tumors to prevent recurrence and metastasis. Non-operative management risks missing timely diagnosis and treatment of appendiceal cancers.
Engineered T Cell Therapy for
Gynecologic Malignancies
Challenges and Opportu...RudrikaChandra1
This document discusses engineered T cell therapy for gynecologic malignancies. It begins by introducing common gynecologic cancers and recent successes of adoptive T cell therapy using engineered T cells for other cancers. The document then summarizes two main types of engineered T cells - T cell receptor modified T cells (TCR-Ts) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) - and their mechanisms of action. Finally, it explores opportunities to apply these engineered T cell therapies to treat gynecologic cancers based on preclinical research and early clinical trials.
The document discusses several topics related to colorectal cancer including hereditary forms, staging, treatment with surgery and targeted therapies. It presents two case studies, one with a family history of colon cancer who was found to have a genetic mutation, and another with a locally advanced rectal tumor treated with preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery.
This study examined circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a potential biomarker for patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Blood samples were collected from 26 chemotherapy-naive ES-SCLC patients before, during and after treatment to detect and quantify CTCs. Higher baseline CTC counts and smaller reductions in CTCs after treatment were associated with decreased survival. The results suggest that CTCs may be a useful biomarker for predicting patient responses and prognosis in ES-SCLC. If validated in larger studies, CTCs could help monitor treatment responses and detect early disease progression in these patients.
This document discusses transarterial therapies for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a rare but devastating cancer. It reviews the current evidence for chemoembolization and radioembolization in treating ICC. Several studies show that chemoembolization, using various chemotherapy regimens with or without drug-eluting beads, can provide median survival rates of 9-23 months for unresectable ICC. Emerging evidence also supports the potential role of radioembolization, but further research is still needed. Overall, transarterial therapies may help improve outcomes for ICC when surgery is not possible.
Journal club TACE vs SBRT in Hepatocellular carcinomaAnil Gupta
This study compared outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with 1-2 tumors. SBRT resulted in superior local control compared to TACE. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the groups. Freedom from in-liver progression was significantly higher with SBRT. Grade 3 adverse events occurred in 13% with TACE and 8% with SBRT. Larger and prospective studies are still needed to validate these findings.
This document reviews rare types of breast cancer. It summarizes information on 16 epithelial subtypes classified by the World Health Organization, including histopathology descriptions and clinical parameters. While rare cancers cannot be studied through large randomized trials, this review aims to provide clinicians an understanding to help determine optimal treatment approaches. It discusses cancers such as tubular carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma, which typically have a good prognosis and are often estrogen receptor positive with low lymph node involvement.
MANAGEMENTOF METASTATIC OR ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER : FIRST LINE OPTIONSMohamed Abdulla
1. The document discusses considerations for first-line therapy for gastric cancer, including various chemotherapy regimens and the role of targeted therapies like trastuzumab.
2. A network meta-analysis found that chemotherapy combinations including a fluoropyrimidine, platinum, and taxane or irinotecan provided the best outcomes for gastric cancer.
3. The TOGA trial established trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy as a standard first-line treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer, improving overall survival.
1) Radiation therapy has a questionable role in treating primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but is commonly used to palliatively treat brain and other metastatic lesions.
2) Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) enables high doses of radiation to tumors while sparing normal tissues and has shown promise for treating primary or metastatic RCC, with local control rates of 90-98% in studies.
3) While some studies found adjuvant radiation after surgery reduced local recurrence in advanced RCC, prospective randomized trials found no survival benefit and increased toxicity, so radiation is not routinely recommended after surgery.
1. Liver cancer is a major health problem in China, being the fourth most common cause of cancer death, with high rates in Eastern and Southeastern China.
2. The main risk factors for liver cancer are chronic hepatitis B and C infections, along with aflatoxin exposure and heavy alcohol use.
3. Treatment options for liver cancer include surgical resection, liver transplantation, and percutaneous ablation techniques like radiofrequency ablation for early stage disease. Transcathelial arterial chemoembolization is often used for unresectable tumors.
Similar to Staining of Circulating Tumor Cells - as easy as a blood picture (20)
Maintrac provides liquid biopsy services for detecting circulating epithelial tumor cells. They offer an easy to use service with optimized logistics for sample collection and worldwide shipping to their lab in Germany within 48-72 hours at room temperature. Interested customers can learn more or arrange sample pickup by visiting their website or contacting the laboratory director.
maintrac chemo sensitivity on circulating epithelial tumor cells Peter Pachmann
maintrac liquid biopsy for therapy controll. What to do at increasing cell numbers? Identify patients likely to be at increased risk for serious side effects as a result of treatment with a particular therapeutic product. Chemo Sensitivity Testing: Subdividing and exposing the blood sample to different drugs and concentrations; Determining the rate of dying circulating epithelial tumor cells to identify the most effective drug for the patient.
Maintrac Chemo Sensitivity Testing of Circualting Tumor CellsPeter Pachmann
Increasing cell numbers by 10fold should lead to subdividing and exposing the blood sample to different drugs and concentrations and determining the rate of dying circulating epithelial tumor cells to identify the most effective cancer drug for the patient.
Chemosensitivity on circulating tumor spheresPeter Pachmann
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from breast cancer patients were cultured to form mammospheres which exhibit stem-like properties. The mammospheres and total CTCs were tested for chemosensitivity to various drugs. Mammospheres were found to be significantly more chemoresistant than total CTCs. Salinomycin and curcumin showed high efficacy against mammospheres, with salinomycin destroying nearly all cells. The results demonstrate that stem-like CTCs circulating in blood are more resistant to chemotherapy than other CTCs, and salinomycin is a promising therapeutic for targeting chemoresistant tumor cells.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Staining of Circulating Tumor Cells - as easy as a blood picture
1. Maintrac®
A tool for monitoring therapy success in solid tumors:
circulating epithelial tumor cells
Based on the presentation of Prof. Dr. med Katharina Pachmann MD
Transfusion Medicine Center Bayreuth TZB, Germany
2. Circulating Tumor Cells
from solid tumors
S Carcinomas are from
epithelial origin
S Carcinomas dissiminate
epithelial cells
⇒ CETCs
(circulating epithelial
tumor cells)
Y.
Shiozawa,
A
M
Havens,
K
J
Pienta
and
R
S
Taichman,
Leukemia
(2008)
22,
941–950
6. Monitoring therapy success
using Circulating Tumor Cells
monitor response to treatment with a particular therapeutic
product for the purpose of adjusting treatment to achieve
improved safety or effectiveness.
(‚Companoin Diagnostics‘: FDA)
14. Chemo-
sensitivity
J Cancer Therapy 2013,
4:597-605
Chemosensitivity Testing of
Circulating Epithelial Tumor
Cells (CETC) in Vitro:
Correlation to in Vivo
Sensitivity and Clinical
Outcome.
15. Chemo-
sensitivity
• Exposing the blood sample
to different drugs and
concentrations
• Determin the rate of dying
circulating epithelial tumor
cells to identify the most
effective drug for the patient
19. Relapse free survial of patients
with ovarian cancer
N.
Rüdiger
et
al,
J
Cancer
Therapy,
2013,
4,
597-‐605
log rank p≤0.007
Sensitive vs.
resistant tumor
cells to standard
therapy
(carboplatin and
paclitaxel)
23. Good prognosis
Gradual decrease
in cell numbers
during Tamoxifen
therapy
10
100
1.000
10.000
100.000
1.000.000
-‐400 -‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
cells/ml
days
Tamoxifen
24. Bad prognosis
Continious
increase
during Tamoxifen
therapy
may proceed to
recurrence 10
100
1.000
10.000
100.000
1.000.000
-‐400 -‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
cells/ml
days
Tamoxifen
Relapse
after 849d
Relapse after
1112d
Relapse after
627d
25. K.
Pachmann
et
al,
J
Cancer
Res
Clin
Oncol
2011,
137:821-‐828
Patients with
increasing cell
numbers have
a higher risk
of recurrence
Clinical outcome
26. maintenance
therapy
maintrac
cell counting
every 3 month
Increase
in cell numbers
take
change of therapy
into consideration
maintrac
cell counting
every 3 month
Decrease
in cell numbers
go on with therapy
maintrac
cell counting
every 3 month
If cell numbers
increase,
change of therapy
may be considered
monitor every
3 months
32. Discussion
There is already a
discussion going
on, if it would be
better taking
tamoxifen 10
years instead of
stopping after
5 years.
hWp://am.asco.org/
extending-‐adjuvant-‐tamoxifen-‐reduces-‐breast-‐cancer-‐recurrence-‐mortality
33. Effect of therapy switch
10
100
1000
10000
100000
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08.05.04
20.09.05
02.02.07
16.06.08
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34. after end
of therapy
maintrac
cell counting
after 3 month
Increase
in cell numbers
restart
maintenance herapy
Decreasing
or stable
cell numbers
maintrac
cell counting
after 3 month
Decreasing
or stable
cell numbers
maintrac
cell counting
every 6 month
If cell numbers
increase,
restart therapy
and monitor
36. Association Transfusion Medicine Center in Bayreuth - TZB
SIMFO Specialized Immunology Science + Development GmbH &
Laboratory Dr. Ulrich Pachmann
Peter Pachmann Laboratory Dr. Pachmann
Kattjahren 8 Kurpromenade 2
22359 Hamburg 95448 Bayreuth
Germany Germany
www.maintrac.de