Colon cancer screening recommendation presentation from Dr. Tracy d'Entremont, Director of Oncology Services at the Abramson Cancer Center at Valley Forge.
2. COLORECTAL CANCER
CRC is the second leading cause of cancer death in the US
An estimated 134,000 new cases will be diagnosed in 2016.
Anticipated 49,000 deaths annually from this disease.
The goal of any screening program
Prevention
Early detection
Increased survival
JAMA June 21, 2016.
4. TYPES OF TESTS
Tests that mainly find Cancer
High- Sensitivity fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
Fecal Immunochemical test (FIT)
Stool DNA Test
Tests that find Polyps and Cancer
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
CT Colonography (virtual colonoscopy)
Colonoscopy
5. DEFINE YOUR RISK
Average Risk
Age 50-75 years
High Risk
Personal History of Colorectal Cancer or Adenomatous Polyps
Personal History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Family History of Hereditary Colon Cancer Syndrome
Strong Family History of Colorectal Cancer or polyps
6. AVERAGE RISK PATIENTS
Colonoscopy every 10 years
Flex Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
Plus stool test annually
CT colonography every 5 years
Plus stool test annually
USPTF, ACS, CDC
7. HIGH RISK PATIENTS
First Colonoscopy
At age 40, or 10 years before the youngest case
of cancer in the family
At age 10-12, for patients in FAP families
At age 20, for Lynch syndrome families
8 years after the onset of colitis for inflammatory
bowel patients
8. POLYPS
Hyperplastic
Adenomatous
If more than 3
any larger than a cm
or any dysplasia
close interval colonoscopy is recommended
Sessile
Unless whole polyp was removed,
follow up in 2-6 months
12. The American Cancer Society estimates there will be 76,380
cases of invasive melanoma diagnosed in 2016
And 10,100 deaths from the disease
Incidence since 1975 has been increasing annually
3.2% for men
2.4 % for women
Without any end in site
American Cancer Society
13. PREVENTION
Avoidance of UV Exposure
Sunscreen
Limiting sun exposure during peak hours
Sunglasses
Wide brimmed hats
Long sleeves
No tanning beds
FIT- hemoglobin in the stool 73.8% sensitive for detecting Ca; 23% sensitive for detecting Pre-Ca lesions
newer more sens than FOBT; but RCT used FOBT to demonstrate dec mortality
Stool DNA (KRAS, aberrant NDRG4, BMP3, b-actin, hemoglobin) 92.3% sens for Ca; 42 % sens for Pre-Ca lesions